Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff6fe0666e601490832
Scientific name Oxalis pes-caprae
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 434 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) is used medicinally as a mild tea and decoction of its leaves and flowering tops. On the Cape, traditional healers among the Khoekhoen and related communities made leaf infusions to treat scurvy and fevers (Davies, 1992). In Cape Town’s Cape Malay community, practitioners prepared “Zuurbossie” leaf infusions as a tonic and to aid digestion (Van Wyk, 2013). In Malta, Lanfranco documented a traditional leaf infusion used for scurvy and general tonic purposes (Lanfranco, 1978). Europeans in North Africa also used decoctions of flowers and aerial parts for fevers and urinary complaints (Martinez-Luis et al., 2011). In central Italy, Pieroni recorded infusions of the leaves and flower buds taken as a digestive, while Sõukand and Pieroni reported herbalist practice using the plant as a diaphoretic in feverish conditions (Pieroni, 2005; Sõukand & Pieroni, 2016). In East Africa, Owuor and Kassim note the use of infusions of O. pes-caprae leaves for scurvy and as a diuretic (Owuor & Kassim, 2009).

For a practical mild tea, place 2–4 teaspoons (about 3–6 g) of fresh leaves or 1–2 teaspoons of dried aerial parts in a teapot, pour 250 mL of near‑boiling water over them, cover and steep 3–5 minutes, then strain. Drink 1–2 cups daily as needed. Because the plant contains oxalic acid, avoid heavy daily use and do not exceed modest culinary or medicinal doses; do not use if you have a history of kidney stones, and consult a clinician if pregnant or nursing.

The traditional antiscorbutic and diaphoretic actions align with the species’ known constituents. Fresh aerial parts are rich in ascorbic acid, a potent antiscorbutic (Wichtl, 2004). Leaves and flowers contain flavonoids (including quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives), carotenoids such as β‑carotene, and free oxalic and tartaric acids (Wichtl, 2004; Harborne & Baxter, 1999), together supporting the plant’s use as a tonic, digestive and mild diuretic.

While medicinal use of Oxalis pes-caprae is largely traditional, its decoctions and teas remain present in local practice in the Mediterranean, South Africa and parts of East Africa, and the plant continues to appear in ethnobotanical compendia and in small-scale commercial tea blends for herbal tonics (Van Wyk, 2013; Wichtl, 2004).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
— Ornamental horticulture: O. pes-caprae is widely cultivated and naturalized as a garden ornamental for its bright yellow flowers and winter–spring bloom; it is available commercially as bulbs/planting stock for beds, rock gardens, and naturalizing in Mediterranean‑type climates.

Industrial and craft applications:
— None documented.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
— None documented.

Colorants and tanning:
— None documented.

Wood and fiber:
— None documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
— None documented.

Properties relevant to use:
— Inflorescence and foliage provide ornamental value; toxicity due to soluble oxalates limits non‑ornamental use.

Standards and regulation:
— None documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
— Naturalized in many regions; invasive in parts of Australia and California; cultivated stocks sourced via standard horticultural supply chains.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Oxalis rippae Mattei Rivista Fis. 9: 10 (1904)
Oxalis nutans Hill. Veg. Syst. 9: 4 (1765)
Oxalis biflora Burm.f. Fl. Indica , Prodr. Fl. Cap.: 13 (1768)
Oxalis concinna Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 322 (1796)
Oxalis cernua Thunb. Oxalis [Thunberg] 14 (-16). 1781 [7 Jul 1781]
Oxalis erecta Savigny Encycl. 4: 685 (1798)
Acetosella cernua Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 90 (1891)
Acetosella ehrenbergii Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 92 (1891)
Bolboxalis cernua Small N. Amer. Fl. 35: 28 (1907)
Oxalis mairei R.Knuth ex Engler
Oxalis ehrenbergii Schlecht. Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 313 (1838)
Oxalis grandiflora Arechav. Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 239. 1900 Arech. Fl. Uruguay, 1: 239. 1900
Oxalis burmannii Jacq. Oxalis : 41 (1794)
Oxalis lybica Viv. Fl. Libyc. Spec. : 24 (1824)
Oxalis cernua var. namaquana Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 349 1859-1860
Oxalis pes-caprae f. pleniflora (Lowe) Sunding Cuad. Bot. Canaria 13: 17 (1971)
Oxalis cernua var. pleniflora Lowe Man. Fl. Madeira : 100 (1857)
Oxalis pes-caprae var. pleniflora (Lowe) Blanco-Dios Bouteloua 24: 115 (2016)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English bermuda buttercup
Spanish sorrel del cabo
Spanish sorrel de madera áfricana
Spanish sorrel de madera africana
Spanish sorrel de bermuda
Spanish sop agrio
Spanish pasto agrio
Spanish maleza inglesa
Spanish llanto agrio
Spanish copa de mantequilla de bermuda
Afrikaans suring
Arabic حميضة ماعزية
Arabic أقصليس ماعزي
Czech šťavel kozí noha
Welsh suran felen bermuda
German nickender sauerklee
Greek Ξινήθρα
Greek Ξινάκι
Estonian bermuuda jänesekapsas
Hebrew חמציץ נטוי
Icelandic kornsmæra
Japanese オオキバナカタバミ
Kabyle lqires
Nepali चरीअमिलो
Dutch knikkende klaverzuring
Punjab کھٹی پؤک
Portuguese erva-pata
Portuguese erva-mijona
Portuguese erva-praga
Portuguese praga-má
Portuguese santas-noites
Portuguese sardinha-fresca
Portuguese trevo-azedo
Portuguese trevo-mau
Portuguese trevinho
Portuguese erva-canária
Portuguese azedinha-amarela
Portuguese erva-azeda-amarela
Swedish getoxalis
Chinese 黄花酢浆草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Oxalis pes-caprae var. pes-caprae Unknown
Oxalis pes-caprae var. sericea (Thunb.) T.M.Salter Unknown Publ. ()

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
    • Middle Atlantic Ocean
      • Saint Helena
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Namibia
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China Southeast
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Sinai
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Middle Europe
      • Czechoslovakia
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Sicilia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northwest
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Florida
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000386852
USDA Plants OXPE
Tropicos 23700050
INPN 111910
Flora of Italy 2801
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:375259-1
The Plant List kew-2393938
Open Tree Of Life 334044
NCBI Taxonomy 53809
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003184
Nature Serve 2.150429
IPNI 375259-1
iNaturalist 53169
GBIF 2891661
Freebase /m/0dm9n0
EPPO OXAPC
EOL 582422
Calflora (Californian flora) 6016
USDA GRIN 70471
Wikipedia Oxalis_pes-caprae

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
A new aromatic component from Oxalis pes-caprae. DellaGreca M, Previtera L, Zarrelli A Nat Prod Res 01-Jun-2010
doi:10.1080/14786410902809286
PMID:20496235
Phytotoxic aromatic constituents of Oxalis pes-caprae. DellaGreca M, Previtera L, Purcaro R, Zarrelli A Chem Biodivers 01-Apr-2009
doi:10.1002/CBDV.200800179
PMID:19353540
Cinnamic ester derivatives from Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup). DellaGreca M, Previtera L, Purcaro R, Zarrelli A J Nat Prod 01-Oct-2007
doi:10.1021/NP0702786
PMID:17922549

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids
(1S,3R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate 6920041 Click to see 230.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid 73530 Click to see 230.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 125 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CO)O 124.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzylethers
1,1'-Di(p-hydroxyphenyl) diethyl ether 19795350 Click to see 258.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
4-[(1S)-1-[(1R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]ethyl]phenol 162928397 Click to see 258.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylethers
4-[4-(2-Carboxyethenyl)phenoxy]benzoic acid 163028302 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Phenol esters
2-Methoxyphenyl 3-phenylpropanoate 580047 Click to see 256.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
4-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol 10866400 Click to see CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O 138.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-alpha-methyl- 102803 Click to see 138.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol 13542886 Click to see CC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O 138.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
3-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol 40715758 Click to see CC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O 138.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
Resorcinol 5054 Click to see 110.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
3-Methoxyphenol 9007 Click to see 124.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Guaiacol 460 Click to see 124.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
2-Hydroxyethyl 3-phenylpropionate 3018319 Click to see 194.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Isoatriplicolide tiglate 73350425 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2(C(=O)C=C(O2)C(=C)CC3C1C(=C)C(=O)O3)C 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
monoMethyl succinate 77487 Click to see 132.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
2-Methyltetracos-17-enoic acid 86004309 Click to see 380.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
gamma-Sitosterol 457801 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
1,4-dimethyl (2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate 11062697 Click to see 162.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
Dimethyl malate 12674 Click to see 162.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
6-Hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(4H)-one 14334 Click to see 196.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
Loliolide 100332 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl- 8784 Click to see 148.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Cinnamic acid 444539 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O 148.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(3-hydroxyphenyl) (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656637 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CC(=O)OC2=CC=CC(=C2)O 330.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
(3-hydroxyphenyl) (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656639 Click to see 316.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
(3-Hydroxyphenyl) 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081060 Click to see 330.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
(3-Hydroxyphenyl) 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081062 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC2=CC=CC(=C2)O 316.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
(3-methoxyphenyl) (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 11791705 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
(3-Methoxyphenyl) 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 73103092 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
[4-[(1S)-1-[4-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]phenyl] (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 163191280 Click to see 478.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
[4-[1-[4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl]phenyl] 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 162997028 Click to see 478.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809286
2-acetyloxyethyl (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656803 Click to see CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)OC)OC 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-Acetyloxyethyl 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081126 Click to see CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)OC)OC 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-hydroxyethyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656804 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCCO)O)O 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-hydroxyethyl (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656640 Click to see 282.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-hydroxyethyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 23656638 Click to see 268.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-Hydroxyethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081127 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCCO)O)O 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-Hydroxyethyl 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081063 Click to see 282.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
2-Hydroxyethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74081061 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OCCO 268.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
(3-Methoxyphenyl) 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 162916272 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate 5319562 Click to see COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O 178.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
Methyl p-coumarate 92203 Click to see 178.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 2518 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
4-Coumaric acid 322 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
Cis-P-Coumaric Acid 1549106 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
Sinapic acid 10743 Click to see 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
Sinapinic acid 637775 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0702786
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
4'-Demethylnobiletin 21593928 Click to see 388.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
5-Demethylnobiletin 358832 Click to see 388.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Nobiletin 72344 Click to see 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
Tangeretin 68077 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C(=C3OC)OC)OC)OC 372.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids
Benzenepropanoic acid 107 Click to see 150.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBDV.200800179

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