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Combretum apiculatum

Combretum apiculatum - Unknown
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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644012bf9e51c429241339
Scientific name Combretum apiculatum
Authority Sond.
First published in Linnaea 23: 45 (1850)

Description Top

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Combretum apiculatum is a species of tree native to the mesic to semi-arid savanna regions of Africa, southwards of the equator. It is a semi-deciduous tree growing up to 10 meters tall, or sometimes a shrub remaining shorter. It has rough gray-black bark with fissures, and oppositely arranged leaves that are up to 11 to 13 centimeters long. The spike inflorescences bear yellow or greenish flowers with tiny sepals and petals. The reddish, winged fruit is 2 or 3 centimeters long. It is the dominant tree on the savanna in many areas, and is utilized by game and livestock for food. It is also used for firewood, charcoal, leather tanning, and medicinal purposes. Common names for the tree in other languages include rooiboswilg (Afrikaans), umbondwe (Zulu), imbondvo (Swazi), mohwidiri (Tswana), and mohwelere (Sepedi).

Synonyms Top

No known synonyms.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English red bushwillow
Afrikaans rooiboswilg
Hebrew ערבת-שיח אדומה
Shona mudziyaishe
ss imbondwo
st mohwelere
ts xikukutsi
ve musingidzi

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Combretum apiculatum subsp. apiculatum
Combretum apiculatum subsp. leutweinii (Schinz) Exell Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 4: 3. 1961 (1961)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Caprivi Strip
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000616083
UNII 78MQZ5TC99
Tropicos 8200334
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:169913-1
The Plant List kew-2732402
Open Tree Of Life 990497
NCBI Taxonomy 493957
IUCN Red List 147140271
IPNI 169913-1
iNaturalist 340059
GBIF 3698502
Freebase /m/0vplw_9
EPPO COGAP
USDA GRIN 11218
Wikipedia Combretum_apiculatum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Utilisation of indigenous knowledge to control gastrointestinal nematodes in Southern Africa Kamba E, Chimonyo M Trop Anim Health Prod 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10933149
doi:10.1007/s11250-024-03941-z
PMID:38472670
Emergent trees in Colophospermum mopane woodland: influence of elephant density on persistence versus attrition O’Connor T, Ferguson A, Clegg BW, Pallett N, Midgley JJ, Shimbani J PeerJ 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10903334
doi:10.7717/peerj.16961
PMID:38426137
Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Profiles of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Wild Reptiles in South Africa Mlangeni LN, Ramatla T, Lekota KE, Price C, Thekisoe O, Weldon C Int J Microbiol 05-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10787053
doi:10.1155/2024/5213895
PMID:38222969
Discovering Potential Compounds for Venous Disease Treatment through Virtual Screening and Network Pharmacology Approach Barrera-Vázquez OS, Escobar-Ramírez JL, Santiago-Mejía J, Carrasco-Ortega OF, Magos-Guerrero GA Molecules 05-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10745828
doi:10.3390/molecules28247937
PMID:38138427
Consumer-grade UAV imagery facilitates semantic segmentation of species-rich savanna tree layers Popp MR, Kalwij JM Sci Rep 24-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10449814
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40989-7
PMID:37620395
Long-term mammal herbivory on arthropod assemblages at Kruger National Park, South Africa Mukwevho L, Dalu T, Chidawanyika F PLoS One 02-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10237461
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286396
PMID:37267291
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl. & Diels Parusnath M, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Kianersi F, Dewir YH Plants (Basel) 25-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10180969
doi:10.3390/plants12091757
PMID:37176814
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous knowledge holders to manage healthcare needs in children Ndhlovu PT, Asong JA, Omotayo AO, Otang-Mbeng W, Aremu AO PLoS One 27-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10042359
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282113
PMID:36972257
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Species richness and phytoremediation potential of mine wastelands-native trees across the Zambian Copperbelt Region Matakala N, Chirwa PW, Mwamba TM, Syampungani S Heliyon 10-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9984791
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13585
PMID:36879977
Communities' awareness of afforestation and its contribution to the conservation of lizards in Dodoma, Tanzania Ngongolo K, Kilonzo M Sci Rep 30-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9803631
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27268-7
PMID:36585433
Ethnomedicinal plants used for treatment of snakebites in Tanzania – a systematic review Mogha NG, Kalokora OJ, Amir HM, Kacholi DS Pharm Biol 07-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9553154
doi:10.1080/13880209.2022.2123942
PMID:36205572
Medicinal plants used for the management of respiratory diseases in Zimbabwe: Review and perspectives potential management of COVID-19 Nyagumbo E, Pote W, Shopo B, Nyirenda T, Chagonda I, Mapaya RJ, Maunganidze F, Mavengere WN, Mawere C, Mutasa I, Kademeteme E, Maroyi A, Taderera T, Bhebhe M Phys Chem Earth (2002) 21-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9489988
doi:10.1016/j.pce.2022.103232
PMID:36161239
Changes in tree structure, composition and soil in different disturbance categories in Miombo and agroecosystems in Malawi, central Africa Nyirenda H Heliyon 16-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9508568
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10664
PMID:36164510
Integrating herbivore assemblages and woody plant cover in an African savanna to reveal how herbivores respond to ecosystem management Schmitt MH, Stears K, Donovan MK, Burkepile DE, Thompson DI PLoS One 31-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9432757
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273917
PMID:36044453

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes
2,4,6,7-Tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-3-ol 162956118 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C(=C32)OC)O)OC)OC 316.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
2,5-Phenanthrenediol, 9,10-dihydro-3,7-dimethoxy- 182231 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3CC2)O)OC)C(=C1)O 272.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39710003070
2,7-Phenanthrenediol, 9,10-dihydro-3,4,6-trimethoxy- 181637 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2CCC3=CC(=C(C(=C3C2=C1)OC)OC)O)O 302.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
3,4,7-Trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,6-diol 53438732 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C(=C32)OC)OC)O)O 302.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39710003070
3,6,7-Trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,5-diol 14135385 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C=C32)OC)O)O)OC 302.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39710003070
5,6,7-Trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,3-diol 14049973 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C=C32)O)O)OC)OC 302.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
6,7-Dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,3,5-triol 53438747 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C=C32)O)O)O)OC 288.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
9,10-Dihydro-3,5,6,7-tetramethoxyphenanthren-2-ol 14049974 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)CCC3=CC(=C(C=C32)OC)O)OC)OC 316.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Phenanthrols
3,4,7-Trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,6-diol 22753770 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC(=C(C(=C32)OC)OC)O)O 300.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39710003070
3,5,7-Trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,6-diol 44600130 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C32)OC)O)OC)O 300.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
3,6,7-Trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,5-diol 356768 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C32)OC)O)O)OC 300.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
4,6-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,3,7-triol 85708339 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C=CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3C2=C1)OC)O)O)O 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
6,7-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,3,5-triol 22753769 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C32)O)O)O)OC 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39710003070
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone 238782 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 256.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2011.10.004
Pinocembrin 68071 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 256.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2011.10.004
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2011.10.004
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-fucopyranoside 5359430 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2011.10.004
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
Cardamonin 641785 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2)O)O 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2011.10.004
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
3,4'-Dihydroxy-3',4,5-Trimethoxybibenzyl 86024947 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)O)CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC 304.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
4-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 14135389 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)O)CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O 290.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
5-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2,3-dimethoxy-phenol 22753767 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O 274.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3
Phenol, 3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methoxy- 10014709 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O 244.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90731-3

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