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Erythroxylum novogranatense

Erythroxylum novogranatense - Unknown
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401b96a8420832620454
Scientific name Erythroxylum novogranatense
Authority (D.Morris) Hieron.
First published in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 35 (1895)

Description Top

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The leaves are dried for 1–2 days and then packed in plastic bags.

Erythroxylum novogranatense is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family, found in the neotropical region. It is known for its production of cocaine from its leaves. The name "novogranatense" comes from its origin in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada, now known as Colombia. There are two subspecies of this plant, which are similar in appearance but have distinct differences. Erythroxylum novogranatense is highly adaptable and can be found in various ecological conditions, making it widely distributed in both the Old and New World tropics. The cocaine content in its leaves varies among different subspecies, but it is generally high. This plant is typically propagated by seed and is easy to grow, making it a popular crop in South America. It is identified by its smaller, narrower leaves and bright green color. Coca farmers harvest the leaves every 50-60 days and dry them for 1-2 days before packaging them.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Erythroxylum coca var. novogranatense D.Morris Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1889: 5 (1889)
Erythroxylum coca var. spruceanum Burck Teysmannia 1: 455 (1890)
Erythroxylum novogranatense var. microphyllum O.E.Schulz Pflanzenr. (Engler) 20, beibl. 49: 35. 1907

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English colombian coca
Finnish hayo
Finnish kolumbian koka
Chinese 古柯
Chinese 古加
Chinese 高柯
Chinese 新格拉那達古柯

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Erythroxylum novogranatense var. tobagense O.E.Schulz Pflanzenr. , IV, 134: 87 (1907)
Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense (Rusby) Plowman Bot. Mus. Leafl. 27(1-2): 56. 1979

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Taiwan
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Leeward Islands
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela
    • Western South America
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000680010
USDA Plants ERNO5
Tropicos 12500005
INPN 629673
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:97004-2
The Plant List kew-2801567
Open Tree Of Life 3915934
NCBI Taxonomy 1862640
IPNI 97004-2
iNaturalist 416639
GBIF 2873941
Freebase /m/06zj___
EOL 482446
USDA GRIN 15797
Wikipedia Erythroxylum_novogranatense

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_029891385.1 ASM2989138v1 Chromosome Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2023-05-15 106.0x 1.21 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Discovering a mitochondrion-localized BAHD acyltransferase involved in calystegine biosynthesis and engineering the production of 3β-tigloyloxytropane Zeng J, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang F, Qiu F, Zhong M, Zhao T, Yang C, Zeng L, Lan X, Zhang H, Zhou J, Chen M, Tang K, Liao Z Nat Commun 29-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11058270
doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47968-0
PMID:38684703
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia Associated with Cocaine Use: A Scoping Review Muñoz Durán JA, Echeverri Isaza S, Hidalgo Oviedo JM, Sanin E, Alvarez-Vallejo S, García Gómez V Cureus 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10960250
doi:10.7759/cureus.54672
PMID:38523932
Relatos de exploradores e viajantes e primeiras pesquisas científicas com a ayahuasca, 1850-1950, no debate atual sobre o “renascimento psicodélico” de Lima VM, Marinho MG Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 10-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10395591
doi:10.1590/S0104-59702023000100023
PMID:37436297
Plants and Plant-Derived Molecules as Natural Immunomodulators Zebeaman M, Tadesse MG, Bachheti RK, Bachheti A, Gebeyhu R, Chaubey KK Biomed Res Int 05-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10260316
doi:10.1155/2023/7711297
PMID:37313550
Genomic and structural basis for evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis Wang YJ, Tain T, Yu JY, Li J, Xu B, Chen J, D’Auria JC, Huang JP, Huang SX Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 17-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10151470
doi:10.1073/pnas.2302448120
PMID:37068250
Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool Rotllant G, Llonch P, García del Arco JA, Chic Ò, Flecknell P, Sneddon LU Biology (Basel) 28-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10044926
doi:10.3390/biology12030387
PMID:36979080
Plastomes of Garcinia mangostana L. and Comparative Analysis with Other Garcinia Species Wee CC, Nor Muhammad NA, Subbiah VK, Arita M, Nakamura Y, Goh HH Plants (Basel) 17-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9966718
doi:10.3390/plants12040930
PMID:36840278
Cocaine perturbs mitovesicle biology in the brain D'Acunzo P, Ungania JM, Kim Y, Barreto BR, DeRosa S, Pawlik M, Canals‐Baker S, Erdjument‐Bromage H, Hashim A, Goulbourne CN, Neubert TA, Saito M, Sershen H, Levy E J Extracell Vesicles 24-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9871795
doi:10.1002/jev2.12301
PMID:36691887
Understanding how plants produce cocaine De Luca V Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 27-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9910477
doi:10.1073/pnas.2218838120
PMID:36574687
The complete genome sequences of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense White D, Meinhardt L, Bailey B, Pirro S Biodivers Genomes 29-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9648698
doi:10.56179/001c.39776
PMID:36381538
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Carallia diplopetala (Rhizophoraceae) Wang R, Liao N, Liu X, Qin Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Huang R Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 27-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9621227
doi:10.1080/23802359.2022.2135398
PMID:36325279
Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis Tian T, Wang YJ, Huang JP, Li J, Xu B, Chen Y, Wang L, Yang J, Yan Y, Huang SX Nat Commun 25-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9411544
doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32776-1
PMID:36008484
The complete plastid genome sequence of Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie (Violaceae) Go AR, Cheon KS, Yoo KO Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 28-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9245995
doi:10.1080/23802359.2022.2090299
PMID:35783056
Cocaine: An Updated Overview on Chemistry, Detection, Biokinetics, and Pharmacotoxicological Aspects including Abuse Pattern Roque Bravo R, Faria AC, Brito-da-Costa AM, Carmo H, Mladěnka P, Dias da Silva D, Remião F Toxins (Basel) 13-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9032145
doi:10.3390/toxins14040278
PMID:35448887
Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships of Ceriops Species (Rhizophoraceae) and Avicennia lanata (Acanthaceae): Insight into the Chloroplast Genome Evolution between Middle and Seaward Zones of Mangrove Forests Ruang-areerate P, Yoocha T, Kongkachana W, Phetchawang P, Maknual C, Meepol W, Jiumjamrassil D, Pootakham W, Tangphatsornruang S Biology (Basel) 28-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8945693
doi:10.3390/biology11030383
PMID:35336757

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Tropane alkaloids
8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-, methyl ester, (1R,2R,3S,5S)- 443844 Click to see CN1C2CCC1C(C(C2)O)C(=O)OC 199.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1300/J044V10N02_06
Ecgonine methyl ester 104904 Click to see CN1C2CCC1C(C(C2)O)C(=O)OC 199.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1300/J044V10N02_06
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
(1-Hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) benzoate 57467897 Click to see CN1C2CCC1(CC(C2)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O 261.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97075-4
Cocaine 446220 Click to see CN1C2CCC1C(C(C2)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC 303.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.1986.03370010042021
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(81)90061-1
Hydroxytropacocaine 11054441 Click to see CN1C2CCC1(CC(C2)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O 261.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97075-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters
cis-Cinnamoylcocaine 12798013 Click to see CN1C2CCC1C(C(C2)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC 329.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1300/J044V10N02_06
trans-Cinnamoylcocaine 6440936 Click to see CN1C2CCC1C(C(C2)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC 329.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1300/J044V10N02_06
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162927656 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3OC2C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)C5=C(C=C(C6=C5OC(C(C6)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 724.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95212-9
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 130556 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162927654 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3OC2C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)C5=C(C=C(C6=C5OC(C(C6)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 724.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95212-9
Procyanidin B1 11250133 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
Procyanidin B3 146798 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95212-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Cianidanol 9064 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95212-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 126970087 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3OC2C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
(2S,3R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 163054273 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 163054272 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Ponapensin 44430502 Click to see COC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(O3)C=C(C=C4OC)OC)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 561.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81581-2

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