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Garcinia kola

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401d2cc12f3979648834
Scientific name Garcinia kola
Authority Heckel
First published in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30(Rev. Bibliogr.): 150 (1883)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Garcinia kola, known locally as bitter kola, has been recorded in several ethnobotanical surveys as a source of teas, decoctions, poultices and infusions across West Africa. In the Yoruba‑speaking areas of southwestern Nigeria, dried seeds are traditionally steeped in hot water to make a mild tea taken for cough and sore throat (according to Okafor et al., 2012). The Ewe people of Ghana prepare a decoction of the inner bark, simmered for fifteen minutes, which is drunk to relieve stomach pain and fever (according to Bennett et al., 2021). Among the Bantu communities of the Cameroon highlands, fresh leaf infusions are applied as a poultice to minor cuts and burns, a practice noted by Udechukwu et al., 2018.

The Mande of Liberia also harvest the mature seeds, crushing them into a fine powder that is mixed with water to form a cold infusion consumed daily to aid digestion and combat diarrhoea (according to Ajayi et al., 2020). In addition to the tea, a cold maceration of the seeds in water for several hours is used by the Igbo of southeastern Nigeria as a gargle for throat infections (cited by Okwu & Okafor, 2014). The bark of G. kola has been reported in the Congolese Congo basin to be boiled for thirty minutes, producing a strong decoction taken in small doses to treat malaria symptoms (according to Nwankwo et al., 2019).

A simple but widely recorded preparation is a mild seed tea. Measure five grams of dried, cracked seeds (roughly one heaping teaspoon) and place them in a pot with 250 ml of freshly boiled water. Cover and let the seeds steep for ten minutes, then strain. The resulting amber‑coloured infusion is taken warm, up to two cups a day, to soothe cough and support digestive health. Because the seeds contain strong tannins, consumption should be limited during pregnancy and individuals with liver disorders should avoid high doses or prolonged use.

The therapeutic activity is linked to a well‑characterised suite of phytochemicals: the biflavonoid complex kolaviron, garcinol, several xanthones such as guttiferone A, and phenolic acids including gallic acid (Ajayi et al., 2020; Uche & Okafor, 2013). These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial properties in laboratory assays, offering a plausible basis for the traditional uses. Contemporary research continues to explore kolaviron’s role in protecting liver cells, while commercial extracts standardised to kolaviron content are sold as dietary supplements in Nigeria and online marketplaces. Nonetheless, the plant remains a staple in rural markets, where locals continue to brew the seed tea and bark decoction for everyday ailments.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The seeds are consumed as an edible snack in parts of West Africa, valued for their bitter, astringent flavor and crunchy texture; they are also used as a flavoring or masticatory in local beverages and confectionery (e.g., “bitter kola”) [1].

Industrial and craft applications:
The seeds are processed for oil; the oil is reported to be suitable for edible use and as a potential industrial oilseed crop, while the presscake is considered a potential animal feed ingredient [2].

Properties relevant to use:
Seed oil typically contains linoleic acid as the major fatty acid, followed by oleic and stearic acids; iodine values in the range of approximately 90–110 g I2/100 g and saponification values around 180–200 mg KOH/g have been reported, indicating non-drying to semi-drying behavior consistent with edible or general-purpose oil properties [2].

Standards and regulation:
No dedicated international (ISO/ASTM/EN) or national standards have been identified specifically for Garcinia kola seed oil or seed products; general food safety and food additive regulatory frameworks would apply where marketed.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is harvested from wild or semi-domesticated trees in West and Central Africa; the oil’s industrial viability is constrained by limited scale and supply, suggesting that sustainable orchard development would be necessary to support commercial production [2].

References:
[1] J.M. Dalziel, The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa (Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1937).
[2] O.C. Eromosele, I. Eromosele, D.M. Kuzhkova, Studies of the oilseeds of Garcinia kola and Momordica balsamina and the chemical properties of their seed oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 71 (1994) 239–243.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Garcinia akawaensis Spirl. Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 323 (1959)
Garcinia bergheana Spirl. Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 324 (1959)
Garcinia conrauana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 562 (1908)
Garcinia dinklagei Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 561 (1908)
Garcinia giadidi De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. , sér. 5, 2: 55 (1907)
Garcinia ndongensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 394 (1919)
Garcinia nitidula Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 395 (1919)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English bitter kola
Fulah mijingooro
French bitter kola
French petit kola
kcg a̱sam gworo
Portuguese orobo
Portuguese orobô
Portuguese orogbo

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000694394
UNII YR81TT037U
USDA Plants GAKO
Tropicos 7801582
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:428024-1
The Plant List kew-2816924
PFAF Garcinia kola
Open Tree Of Life 154999
NCBI Taxonomy 469930
IUCN Red List 34715
IPNI 428024-1
iNaturalist 192553
GBIF 3189563
Freebase /m/02w0fkj
EPPO GANKO
EOL 483626
USDA GRIN 71007
Wikipedia Garcinia_kola
CMAUP NPO19561

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Identification of cholinesterases inhibitors from flavonoids derivatives for possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease: In silico and in vitro approaches Sadeghi M, Seyedebrahimi S, Ghanadian M, Miroliaei M Curr Res Struct Biol 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11070244
doi:10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100146
PMID:38707547
Evaluation of Phenobarbital Adsorption Efficiency on Biosorbents or Activated Carbon Obtained from Adansonia Digitata Shells Ndankou CS, Ștefan DS, Nsami NJ, Daouda K, Bosomoiu M Materials (Basel) 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11012463
doi:10.3390/ma17071591
PMID:38612106
Ethnobotanical study and vulnerability of medicinal plants used against the symptoms of COVID-19 in the Lomié subdivision, East Region of Cameroon Ngamsou Abdel K, Mala WA, Chimi PM, Funwi FP, Engoulou C, Messi Effa JA, Kouoguem Kamdem ME, Nzoyeuem Djonko F, Landry Fokoua U, Brice Adounga S, Marguerite Mbolo M Heliyon 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10999872
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28247
PMID:38590891
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Rosmarinus officinalis Ethanolic Extract and its Chitosan-Loaded Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Infected Broiler Chickens Kasem SM, Mira NM, Helal IB, Mahfouz ME Acta Parasitol 16-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11001757
doi:10.1007/s11686-024-00793-3
PMID:38492183
The role of Kolaviron, a bioflavonoid from Garcinia kola, in the management of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review Olatoye FJ, Akindele AJ, Awodele O Heliyon 29-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10915569
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27333
PMID:38449600
Knowledge, risk perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency setting, Northeast Nigeria Gidado S, Musa M, Ba’aba AI, Francis MR, Okeke LA, Bukar FL, Nguku PM, Hadejia IS, Hassan IA, Bande IM, Onuoha M, Usman R, Ugbenyo G, Godwin N, Ilori E, Abulfathi AA, Mshelia LA, Mohammed AM, Abdullahi MM, Bammami MI, Nuorti P, Atkins S BMC Public Health 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10902942
doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18164-y
PMID:38419036
Plant use and perceptions in the context of sexual health among people of Congolese descent in Belgium Van Damme L, Chatrou L, de la Peña E, Kibungu P, Bolya CS, Van Damme P, Vanhove W, Ceuterick M, De Meyer E J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 19-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10877895
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00662-3
PMID:38373968
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of a Crude Polysaccharide Derived from Green Seaweed Halimeda tuna: Computational and Experimental Evidences Kraiem M, Ben Hamouda S, Eleroui M, Ajala M, Feki A, Dghim A, Boujhoud Z, Bouhamed M, Badraoui R, Pujo JM, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Kallel H, Ben Amara I Mar Drugs 11-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10890560
doi:10.3390/md22020085
PMID:38393056
Kolaviron neuroprotective effect against okadaic acid-provoked cognitive impairment Nazari-Serenjeh M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Hatami-Morassa M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Mehrabi S, Tashakori-Miyanroudi M, Ramazi S, Mohamadi-Zarch SM, Nourabadi D, Roghani M Heliyon 01-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10864987
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25564
PMID:38356522
Plants with Anti-Ulcer Activity and Mechanism: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Prayoga DK, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Levita J Drug Des Devel Ther 01-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10840521
doi:10.2147/DDDT.S446949
PMID:38318501
Parameter Influence, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism Studies of Alkaline-Hydrolyzed Garcinia kola Hull Particles for Cr(VI) Sequestration Popoola LT Environ Health Insights 20-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10799592
doi:10.1177/11786302231215667
PMID:38250241
Assessing the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) Effiong ME, Umeokwochi CP, Afolabi IS, Chinedu SN Front Nutr 16-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10824988
doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1279208
PMID:38292699
Phytochemical profiling and anthelmintic potential of extracts of selected tropical plants on parasites of fishes in Epe Lagoon Ukwa UD, Saliu JK, Akinsanya B Sci Rep 20-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10733343
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48164-8
PMID:38123590
Correction: Maňourová et al. Domestication Potential of Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae): Searching for Diversity in South Cameroon. Plants 2023, 12, 742 Maňourová A, Chinheya IP, Kalousová M, Ruiz-Chután JA, Okafor UC, Tchoundjeu Z, Tsobeng A, Van Damme P, Lojka B Plants (Basel) 18-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10748099
doi:10.3390/plants12244191
PMID:38140521
Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal tree species used in the treatment of diseases by forest-fringe communities of Southwestern Ghana Asigbaase M, Adusu D, Musah AA, Anaba L, Nsor CA, Abugre S, Derkyi M Heliyon 14-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10788458
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23645
PMID:38226220

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 9984 Click to see 178.18 unknown via CMAUP database
5-[(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylchromen-6-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol 163046064 Click to see 314.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6773
5-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methylchromen-6-yl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol 163046063 Click to see 314.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6773
Syringaldehyde 8655 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=O 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
2-Hydroxy-6-[2-[4-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl]ethyl]-4-methoxybenzoic acid 162919332 Click to see 514.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
[(2R,3R)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxybutyl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 24898244 Click to see 714.80 unknown via CMAUP database
9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol 10439806 Click to see 714.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
(2R)-2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-5-hydroxy-6-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-2,4-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione 139031176 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1(C(=O)C(=C(C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)C1=O)O)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C)C 502.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209509065369
Kolanone 11953940 Click to see 502.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209509065369
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(1S,5R)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1-(5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione 138111558 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C(=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C(=O)C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC(CC=C(C)C)C(=C)C)C 602.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-92-6291
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocotrienols
(2E,6E,10E)-13-[(2S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-2,6,10-trienal 163195349 Click to see 410.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
(2E,6E,10E)-13-[(2S)-6-Hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-2,6,10-trienoic acid 133556427 Click to see 426.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
(2S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl]chroman-6-ol 13988400 Click to see 396.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
13-(6-Hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-2,6,10-trienal 85208627 Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C=O)O 410.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
13-(6-Hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-2,6,10-trienoic acid 74493487 Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C(=O)O)O 426.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
2,8-Dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol 53394607 Click to see 396.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
delta-Tocotrienol 5282350 Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O 396.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Agarofurans
triptogelin C-1 10459206 Click to see 516.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,4S,5R,8R,9R,13R,14R,17S,18R,19S,20R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,19,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-10,16-dione 101485480 Click to see 470.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,4S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14R,17S,18R,19S,20R)-10-hydroxy-4,5,9,13,19,20-hexamethyl-16-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-9-carbaldehyde 101485479 Click to see CC1CCC23CCC4(C5(CCC6C(C5CC(=O)C4(C2C1C)OC3)(CCC(C6(C)C=O)O)C)C)C 470.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(3R,4aS,6aS,8R,10aR,10bS)-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-8-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-3-yl]-2-hydroxyethoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506968 Click to see 664.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4aS,6aS,8R,10aR,10bS)-3-ethenyl-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506970 Click to see 646.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2S,3S,4aS,6aS,8R,10aR,10bS)-3-ethenyl-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506969 Click to see 646.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3R,4aS,6aS,8R,10aR,10bS)-3-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506966 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)CCC(O3)(C)C(CO)O)C)C 502.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3R,4aS,6aS,8R,10aR,10bS)-3-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromen-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506967 Click to see 664.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8S,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14R,14aR,14bS)-14-methoxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-3,8-diol 44235666 Click to see 472.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14S,14aR,14bS)-3,13-dihydroxy-14-methoxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4-carbaldehyde 44235896 Click to see 486.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14S,14aR,14bS)-13-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-14-methoxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-one 44235900 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=C(C(C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)CO)C)C)OC)O)C2C1C)C)C 486.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(4S,4aS,5R,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14S,14aR,14bS)-5,13-dihydroxy-14-methoxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 44235898 Click to see 472.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Saccharolipids
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-propan-2-yloxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoate 102448008 Click to see 352.38 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R)-3-cyanobutan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoate 102448005 Click to see 391.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R)-3-cyanobutan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoate 102448004 Click to see 391.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3S)-3-cyanobutan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoate 102448006 Click to see 391.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(E)-3-cyano-4-hydroxybut-2-enoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoate 102448007 Click to see CCC(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC=C(CO)C#N)O)O)O)O 405.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Microtropin F 102448009 Click to see CCC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC(=O)C(CC)(C(C)O)O)O)O)O)O 382.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol 145925700 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209509065369
7,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-15-(6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl)pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadec-8-en-6-ol 162820419 Click to see 438.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209509065369
Cycloartenol 92110 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209509065369
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 16-oxosteroids
2-[(1R,2R,4aR,4bS,6aS,10aS,12aR)-6a-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-1,4a,4b,9,9-pentamethyl-3,4,5,6,7,8,10,10a,12,12a-decahydro-2H-chrysen-1-yl]acetic acid 44235899 Click to see 502.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one 160608 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(=O)C=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 428.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Hexacarboxylic acids and derivatives
8-Benzoyloxymutangin 24898243 Click to see 756.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(1S,2R,4S,5R,6R,7S,9R,12R)-4,5-diacetyloxy-7,12-dibenzoyloxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-6-yl]methyl benzoate 16109789 Click to see 698.80 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1S,2R,4S,5R,6R,7S,9R,12R)-4,5,12-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-7-yl] benzoate 14414924 Click to see CC1CC(C(C2(C13C(C(CC2OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(O3)(C)C)OC(=O)C)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C 574.60 unknown via CMAUP database
15-Acetoxyorbiculin G 24898039 Click to see 698.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Mutangin 44419602 Click to see CC1CC(C(C2(C13C(C(CC2OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(O3)(C)C)OC(=O)C)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C 636.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
Ethylvanillin 8467 Click to see 166.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone 75142 Click to see 196.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Phenylbenzofurans
5-(1-Benzofuran-5-yl)-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol 11780117 Click to see 256.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6773
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6667
5-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-benzofuran-4-ol 85693147 Click to see 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-92-6291
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6667
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone 10399460 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2)O 242.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639908041215
2-Hydroxyxanthone 74708 Click to see 212.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639908041215
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyxanthen-9-one 5464639 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O 242.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639908041215
4-Hydroxyxanthone 611428 Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=CC=C3)O 212.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639908041215
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,4S,6R,9R,10S,13R,14S)-14-hydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-16,18-dioxatetracyclo[11.4.1.01,10.04,9]octadecan-6-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 101506965 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34COCC(C(O3)(CCC4C2(CCC1OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C 500.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / N-alkylpyrrolidines
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 13387 Click to see 99.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Brevetoxins and derivatives
2-[[(24Z,49Z)-41-Hydroxy-4,8,10,46-tetramethyl-14-oxo-2,7,13,17,21,28,34,38,43,47-decaoxadecacyclo[25.24.0.03,22.06,20.08,18.012,16.029,48.033,46.035,44.037,42]henpentaconta-24,49-dien-39-yl]methyl]prop-2-enal 6437089 Click to see 867.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Scoparone 8417 Click to see 206.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3R)-8-[(2R,3S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 11685475 Click to see 558.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.53.1034
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0029-1186081
(2R)-8-[(2S,3R)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 124385005 Click to see 542.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
(2S)-8-[(2S,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 176988 Click to see 558.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
(3,8'-Bi-2H-1-benzopyran)-4,4'(3H,3'H)-dione, 5,5',7,7'-tetrahydroxy-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (2S,2'S,3R)- 467746 Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O 542.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
[3,8'-Bi-4H-1-benzopyran]-4,4'-dione, 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-3',5,5',7,7'-pentahydroxy-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (2S,2'R,3R,3'R)- 5317534 Click to see 558.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.53.1034
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0029-1186081
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 3512641 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C5C(=C(C=C4O)O)C(=O)C(C(O5)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 590.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF205175B
8-[(2S,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 15280449 Click to see 556.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
8-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 3512640 Click to see 588.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00039-9
8-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 10007880 Click to see 556.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7157
8-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 15307520 Click to see 542.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
8-[5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-chroman-3-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chroman-4-one 501506 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C5C(=C(C=C4O)O)C(=O)C(C(O5)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O 574.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
Amentoflavone 5281600 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O 538.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50023A026
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
Dihydromorelloflavone 11467081 Click to see 558.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
Garcinianin 44575314 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=C(C5=O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O 556.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-98-S(H)40
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7157
GB 2 (Garcinia) 161259 Click to see 574.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7854
Kolaflavanone 155169 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C4=O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 588.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50023A026
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)87067-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LFS.2008.11.012
https://doi.org/10.1089/JMF.2008.0138
https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA406859
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00039-9
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2042-7158.1990.TB05412.X
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02007729
Manniflavanone 198549 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C5C(=C(C=C4O)O)C(=O)C(C(O5)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O 590.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF205175B
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Fisetin 5281614 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50023A026
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin 5280442 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50023A026
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Sakuranetin 73571 Click to see 286.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(-)-Evofolin B 46229015 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CO)C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O 318.32 unknown via CMAUP database

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