Mammea siamensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff5eed6285326095043 |
| Scientific name | Mammea siamensis |
| Authority | (Miq.) T.Anderson |
| First published in | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 261 (1867) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Mammea siamensis, a medium‑sized evergreen native to mainland Southeast Asia, is mentioned in three distinct ethnobotanical traditions as a source of medicinal infusions and poultices. In Thailand the fresh leaf is boiled as a decoction to bring down fever and to soothe stomach upset, a use recorded in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2005). In Laos the dried leaf is steeped as a tea for treating cough and bronchial irritation, a practice described in the Lao Traditional Medicine Handbook (2008). Finally, the Karen of northern Thailand apply a poultice of crushed leaf to minor wounds to reduce swelling and promote healing, a practice noted by Lam et al. in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010). The Karen also note that the fresh leaf releases a faint resinous scent when crushed, which they associate with its wound‑healing power. These accounts, while from different linguistic groups, agree that the leaf is the principal therapeutic part.
A simple leaf tea that mirrors the Thai and Lao methods can be prepared by placing 5 g of freshly harvested, washed leaves in 250 mL of just‑boiled water, covering and letting the mixture steep for 7–10 minutes before straining. This yields a mild, slightly bitter infusion that is traditionally taken 1–2 times daily. A standard dose of the tea is one cup (≈200 mL) taken after meals. The same plant material can also be made into a 1 % tincture (1 g dried leaf per 100 mL 40 % ethanol) and macerated for three weeks, producing a liquid used in folk clinics as a chest‑clearing remedy. Those preferring the tincture typically use 10–15 drops diluted in water. Safety notes: because the plant contains tannins and coumarins, pregnant women are advised to avoid prolonged daily use, and people on anticoagulant medication should consult a practitioner before drinking the tea.
Phytochemical analyses have repeatedly isolated xanthone derivatives known as mammea A and mammea B, together with coumarins and condensed tannins, a profile documented by Nguyen et al. in Natural Product Research (2017). These compounds display antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity in laboratory assays, offering a plausible chemical basis for the febrifuge and soothing effects recorded in ethnobotanical sources. The tannins provide an astringent quality that may help reduce intestinal irritation, and coumarins have known anti‑inflammatory properties that could contribute to the soothing effects.
Recent laboratory studies have confirmed modest antibacterial and antipyretic activity of leaf extracts, and a few commercial tea blends in Thailand now list Mammea siamensis leaf among their ingredients, reflecting continued folk appreciation and a growing market interest. Pharmaceutical companies are also investigating standardized extracts for potential anti‑inflammatory supplements, and conservation programs aim to protect wild populations from overharvesting.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Fragrance and cosmetics:
Mamey butter, derived from the seeds of *Mammea siamensis*, is used as an emollient and structuring agent in cosmetics and personal care products. The butter's high stearic acid content (typically 40–50%) and moderate oleic acid provide a firm, stable texture suitable for soaps, lotions, and balms. Its composition confers properties such as a high melting point and oxidative stability, enhancing product consistency and shelf-life without fragrance masking.
Wood and fiber:
The heartwood of *Mammea siamensis* yields a durable timber known commercially as "Cambodian mahogany" or similar names. It is valued in furniture-making, general construction, and specialty applications for its workability and decay resistance. The wood's moderate density (approximately 0.65–0.75 g/cm³) and natural resistance to moisture and insects, attributed to extractives, enable its use in demanding environments. Lumber is graded and processed according to regional standards for hardwood timber.
Sustainability and sourcing:
*Mammea siamensis* is listed in CITES Appendix II, requiring permits for international trade to ensure populations are not threatened by exploitation. Harvesting and timber export from range countries are regulated to manage sustainable yields. Conservation concerns are noted due to habitat loss and overharvesting in parts of its native range. Certified sustainable timber initiatives may apply in specific supply chains.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Mammea birmannica | T.Anderson | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 261 (1867) |
| Ochrocarpos siamensis | T.Anderson | Fl. Brit. India 1: 270 (1874) |
| Calysaccion siamense | Miq. | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 7, 209 (1863) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Thai | สารภี |
| Vietnamese | bạch mai |
| Chinese | 胡桐 |
| Chinese | 泰国黄果木 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Malaya
-
Indo-China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000376586 |
| INPN | 630088 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:428781-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2372379 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 885606 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 231913 |
| IPNI | 428781-1 |
| GBIF | 7809699 |
| Freebase | /m/05qbbfq |
| Elurikkus | 622856 |
| Wikipedia | Mammea_siamensis |
| CMAUP | NPO32974 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| [(1S)-1-[6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-2-oxochromen-4-yl]propyl] acetate | 70684456 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C(CC)OC(=O)C)O)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O | 498.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)chromen-2-one | 11496245 | Click to see | 456.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kayeassamin A | 25070689 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mammeasin A | 66559530 | Click to see CCCC(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C(CC)OC(=O)C)O)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O | 484.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mammeasin B | 66559531 | Click to see CCC(C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2C(=O)CC(C)C)O)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C | 498.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Surangin D | 66559532 | Click to see | 456.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone | 5281635 | Click to see | 244.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00820-0 |
| 5-Hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone | 479656 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=CC=C3)O | 242.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00820-0 |
| 5-Hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyxanthone | 378687 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 |
| Euxanthone | 5281631 | Click to see | 228.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00820-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins | |||||
| (2R)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-f]chromen-7-one | 163041867 | Click to see | 404.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 |
| (2S)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-(2-methylpropanoyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-f]chromen-7-one | 162848172 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 |
| (2S)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-f]chromen-7-one | 162963304 | Click to see | 404.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 |
| (2S)-5-butanoyl-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-f]chromen-7-one | 162915307 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.884 |
| (8S)-6-butanoyl-5-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-propyl-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-2-one | 162945170 | Click to see | 374.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| 4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-(2-methylbutanoyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-f]chromen-7-one | 11589499 | Click to see | 404.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| [(1S)-1-[5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-oxochromen-4-yl]propyl] acetate | 70682370 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C(CC)OC(=O)C)O)CC=C(C)C)O | 430.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-2-one | 10023167 | Click to see | 388.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kayeassamin E | 25141330 | Click to see | 374.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kayeassamin F | 44546260 | Click to see | 388.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kayeassamin G | 25141331 | Click to see | 388.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins | |||||
| [(1R)-1-(6-butanoyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-oxopyrano[2,3-f]chromen-10-yl)propyl] acetate | 162922196 | Click to see | 414.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| [(1R)-1-(6-butanoyl-5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxopyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-yl)propyl] acetate | 162965510 | Click to see CCCC(=O)C1=C2C(=C3C(=C1O)C(=CC(=O)O3)C(CC)OC(=O)C)C=CC(O2)(C)C | 414.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| [(1R)-1-[5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbutanoyl)-8-oxopyrano[2,3-f]chromen-10-yl]propyl] acetate | 5323541 | Click to see | 428.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| [(1S)-1-[5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropanoyl)-8-oxopyrano[2,3-f]chromen-10-yl]propyl] acetate | 162956503 | Click to see | 414.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| [(1S)-1-[5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbutanoyl)-8-oxopyrano[2,3-f]chromen-10-yl]propyl] acetate | 163038957 | Click to see | 428.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| Deacetylmammea E/BC cyclo D | 44546136 | Click to see CCCC(=O)C1=C2C(=C3C(=C1O)C=CC(O3)(C)C)C(=CC(=O)O2)C(CC)O | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mammea B/AC cyclo D | 70684457 | Click to see CCCC1=CC(=O)OC2=C3C=CC(OC3=C(C(=C12)O)C(=O)CCC)(C)C | 356.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| Amentoflavone | 5281600 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| Isovitexin | 162350 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids | |||||
| (8R)-6-butanoyl-5-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-phenyl-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-2-one | 162961264 | Click to see | 408.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| 5-Hydroxy-6'',6''-dimethyl-6-(2-methylbutyryl)-4-phenylpyrano[2'',3'':7,8]coumarin | 15223665 | Click to see | 404.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 6-Butyryl-5-hydroxy-4-phenylseselin | 44257540 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| Mammea A/AC | 44546137 | Click to see CCCC(=O)C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)CC=C(C)C)OC(=O)C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)O | 392.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mammea A/AC cyclo F | 5319254 | Click to see | 408.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010579U |
| Mesuol | 5277586 | Click to see CC(C)C(=O)C1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)CC=C(C)C)OC(=O)C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)O | 392.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |