Calophyllum lanigerum

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Common products:
Calophyllum lanigerum provides sawn timber used for structural beams, floor joists, planks and interior finishings. The species also yields veneer and plywood employed in furniture, cabinetry and paneling.

Industrial and craft applications:
The timber is used in joinery, interior paneling, cabinetry, door and window frames, and light‑construction framing. Its fine grain and moderate hardness make it suitable for turnery, carving, ornamental woodwork, small‑scale craft items and for the production of custom furniture components such as drawer fronts and cabinet doors.

Wood and fiber:
In addition to solid‑timber products, the wood is harvested for pulp and paper production. Regional forestry assessments indicate that the fiber length and mechanical strength are appropriate for kraft‑pulping, yielding pulp suitable for printing and writing papers.

Properties relevant to use:
Specific gravity ≈0.73 g cm⁻³, Janka hardness ≈4.4 kN, modulus of rupture ≈113 MPa and modulus of elasticity ≈12.2 GPa (Abd. Razak et al., 2006). Compression strength is adequate for structural use. Shrinkage is low—radial ≈4 % and tangential ≈7.5 %—contributing to stability. Natural durability tests (EN 350‑1) class it as 3–4, indicating moderate resistance to fungal decay and termites. The moderate lignin content typical of hardwoods aids pulping while preserving structural strength. Its medium‑density (0.70–0.80 g cm⁻³) per ISO 13061‑1 suits both load‑bearing and decorative uses, and low moisture uptake limits dimensional change in interior environments.

Standards and regulation:
Indonesia classifies the species under national timber‑grading standard SNI 02‑7102‑2005, defining moisture‑content limits, grading criteria and permissible defects for structural hardwoods. Export and domestic trade are regulated by timber‑export permits and wildlife‑conservation statutes in Malaysia and Indonesia. Wood density and durability are measured according to ISO 13061‑1:2014 and ISO 1706:2001.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Calophyllum lanigerum is listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (2023) because of habitat loss and over‑exploitation. Sustainable harvesting, enforced through national forest‑management plans, forest‑clearing restrictions and reforestation programmes, is recommended to prevent further population decline.

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