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Phoebe grandis

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440474a37fce835156563
Scientific name Phoebe grandis
Authority (Nees) Merr.
First published in Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 61 (1934)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Timber: Phoebe grandis yields a light yellow to golden-brown hardwood marketed as “kadam” in Sarawak and “manawa” in Sabah. It is used in general construction, furniture, interior joinery, flooring, and cabinetry. The wood is reported to machine and finish well and is suitable for plywood and veneer.

Industrial and craft applications:
Plywood and veneer: The species is listed among timbers approved for plywood production in Peninsular Malaysia. It is also used for utility-grade veneers and general joinery. Sawn wood is used for formwork and scaffolding.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented food or beverage uses.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented dye or tannin uses.

Wood and fiber:
Wood (timber): Bark moderately thin; sapwood light yellow, heartwood pale golden-brown to yellow, with distinct growth-ring boundaries. Density at 12% moisture content is reported around 600 kg/m³. Strength class in Malaysia is grouped under “Light Hardwood,” with reported modulus of rupture approximately 70 MPa and modulus of elasticity about 10–11 GPa. Shrinkage from green to oven-dry is moderate (radial ~2.5%, tangential ~5.5%). The wood is noted as moderately durable under service conditions.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses.

Properties relevant to use:
Mechanical properties and dimensional stability are the primary attributes enabling its use in general construction, furniture, and joinery. Density and moderate shrinkage support consistent machining and finishing.

Standards and regulation:
In Malaysia, the species is recognized within timber classifications used for plywood and structural lumber. Its use as a general-purpose hardwood follows common quality and grading codes applied to plantation and secondary-growth timbers in Southeast Asia.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species occurs in lowland to hill tropical forest up to 1,500 m and is harvested from natural forests in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Selective logging is practiced, and plantation establishment is noted in parts of Malaysia. Regional timber certification schemes (e.g., the Malaysian Timber Certification Council) apply to tropical hardwoods from managed forests.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Litsea mogol (Blume) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 143 (1900)
Malapoenna mogol Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 572 (1891)
Phoebe densiflora Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 327 (1851)
Phoebe opaca Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 327 (1851)
Phoebe malaccensis Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): 37 (1864)
Alseodaphne grandis Nees Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 72 (1831)
Persea grandis Nees Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 32 (1832)
Tetranthera mogal Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 383 (1851)
Phoebe attenuata Miq. ex Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): 36 (1864)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001070806
Tropicos 17802436
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:468358-1
The Plant List tro-17802436
Open Tree Of Life 6027646
NCBI Taxonomy 2516518
IUCN Red List 175615942
IPNI 468358-1
iNaturalist 426409
GBIF 5685098
EOL 5399144
CMAUP NPO61

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Antibacterial and Antifungal Alkaloids from Asian Angiosperms: Distribution, Mechanisms of Action, Structure-Activity, and Clinical Potentials Sulaiman M, Jannat K, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, de Lourdes Pereira M, Rajagopal M, Suleiman M, Butler MS, Break MK, Weber JF, Wilairatana P, Wiart C Antibiotics (Basel) 24-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9495154
doi:10.3390/antibiotics11091146
PMID:36139926
Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Annona Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities Nugraha AS, Damayanti YD, Wangchuk P, Keller PA Molecules 03-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6930583
doi:10.3390/molecules24234419
PMID:31816948
Effect of selected local medicinal plants on the asexual blood stage of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum Mohd Abd Razak MR, Afzan A, Ali R, Amir Jalaluddin NF, Wasiman MI, Shiekh Zahari SH, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z BMC Complement Altern Med 15-Dec-2014
PMCID:PMC4300612
doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-492
PMID:25510573
Aporphine Alkaloids from the Leaves of Phoebe grandis (Nees) Mer. (Lauraceae) and Their Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities Omar H, Hashim NM, Zajmi A, Nordin N, Abdelwahab SI, Azizan AH, Hadi AH, Ali HM Molecules 29-Jul-2013
PMCID:PMC6270335
doi:10.3390/molecules18088994
PMID:23899833
Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxations in Rat Aortic Rings: Protection by Methanolic Extracts of Phoebe grandis Yeh-Siang L, Subramaniam G, Hadi AH, Murugan D, Mustafa MR Molecules 06-Apr-2011
PMCID:PMC6260632
doi:10.3390/molecules16042990
PMID:21471938
Grandine A, a new proaporphine alkaloid from the bark of Phoebe grandis. Mukhtar MR, Aziz AN, Thomas NF, Hadi AH, Litaudon M, Awang K Molecules 23-Mar-2009
PMCID:PMC6253996
doi:10.3390/MOLECULES14031227
PMID:19325519
Grandine A, a New Proaporphine Alkaloid from the Bark of Phoebe grandis Mukhtar MR, Aziz AN, Thomas NF, Hadi AH, Litaudon M, Awang K Molecules 23-Mar-2009
PMCID:PMC6253996
doi:10.3390/molecules14031227
PMID:19325519
Phoebegrandines A and B, proaporphine-tryptamine dimers, from Phoebe grandis M.Ropi Mukhtar, Marie-Thérése Martin, Michael Domansky, M. Pais, A. Hamid, A. Hadi, K. Awang Elsevier BV 04-Mar-2003
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(+)-Boldine 10154 Click to see 327.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
(6aR)-1,10-dimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,9-diol 25763838 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2CC3C4=C(C2=C1)C(=C(C=C4CCN3)O)OC)O 313.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
(R)-1,10-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,9-diol 726885 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)O)OC)O 327.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
1,10-dimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,11-diol 324086 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
1,10-Dimethoxy-6-Methyl-5,6,6A,7-Tetrahydro-4H-Dibenzo(De,G)Quinoline-2,9-Diol 248507 Click to see 327.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
Laurotetanin 267400 Click to see 327.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
Laurotetanine 31415 Click to see 327.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
Lindcarpine 101289740 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
Norboldine 22179 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
Npc4296 628557 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids
CID 162862341 162862341 Click to see 473.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
CID 162923250 162923250 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC34CCC5(CC4)C6=C(CCN5)C7=C(N6)C=CC(=C7)OC)O)OC 473.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
(2S)-2-hydroxy-1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2H-pyrrol-5-one 102442767 Click to see 231.25 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-methoxy-1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2H-pyrrol-5-one 102442768 Click to see COC1C=CC(=O)N1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2 245.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentamide A 11528614 Click to see 215.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indan-1-spirocyclohexanes
(4S)-10-hydroxy-11-methoxy-5-methylspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-one 162971962 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC34CCC(=O)CC4)OC)O 301.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
10-Hydroxy-11-methoxy-5-methylspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-one 162971961 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC34CCC(=O)CC4)OC)O 301.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
Lauformine 185093 Click to see C1CC2(CCC1O)CC3C4=C2C5=C(C=C4CCN3)OCO5 287.35 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes
(6'S,14R)-6'-hydroxyspiro[3,5-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,6.012,15]pentadeca-1(15),2(6),7,9,11-pentaene-14,3'-cyclohexene]-13-one 162905414 Click to see 294.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
6'-Hydroxyspiro[3,5-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,6.012,15]pentadeca-1(15),2(6),7,9,11-pentaene-14,3'-cyclohexene]-13-one 162905413 Click to see 294.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrol-1-yl)propan-1-one 51136593 Click to see 229.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Asarone 636822 Click to see 208.25 unknown via CMAUP database
gamma-Asarone 636750 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1CC=C)OC)OC 208.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Horsfieldin 101389128 Click to see 356.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Sesamin 72307 Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 354.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides / N-acyl amines
(2E,4E)-N-[(2R)-2-methylbutyl]deca-2,4-dienamide 38347217 Click to see 237.38 unknown via CMAUP database
2,4-Hexadecadienamide, N-(2-methylpropyl)-, (E,E)- 6442402 Click to see 307.50 unknown via CMAUP database
2,4-Octadienamide, N-(2-methylpropyl)-, (E,E)- 6479668 Click to see 195.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Dodecatetraenoic acid isobutylamide, (2E,4E)- 6443006 Click to see 251.41 unknown via CMAUP database
Pellitorine 5318516 Click to see 223.35 unknown via CMAUP database
Pipericine 9974234 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C 335.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Tetradeca-2E,4E-Dienoic Acid Isobutylamide 10731388 Click to see 279.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(14-Hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl)methyl acetate 13816765 Click to see 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
[(1R)-1-[(1R,4R,5R,6R,8R,10R,11R,12R,16R,18S,21R)-10,11-dihydroxy-4,6,12,17,17-pentamethyl-18-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docos-13-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl] acetate 100936496 Click to see CC1CC(OC2(C1C3(CCC45CC46CCC(C(C6CC=C5C3(C2O)C)(C)C)OC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)C)O)C(C(C)(C)O)OC(=O)C 678.80 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Primary carboxylic acid amides
Dodeca-2,4-dienamide 57265506 Click to see 195.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(2E,6E)-7-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2,6-heptadien-1-one 10935441 Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C=CCCC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3 299.40 unknown via CMAUP database
1-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-1E-tetradecene 5319627 Click to see 316.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1-[(2E,4E,8E)-9-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4,8-nonatrienoyl]pyrrolidine 11964516 Click to see 325.40 unknown via CMAUP database
1-[(2E,8E)-9-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,8-nonadienoyl]pyrrolidine 14162526 Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C=CCCCCC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3 327.40 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene 15699856 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OCO2)OC)CC=C 222.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Brachystamide B 10047263 Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2 411.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Guineesine 6442405 Click to see 383.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pipercallosidine 5372065 Click to see 303.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pipercallosine 5372201 Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2 329.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarisan 95289 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1CC=C)OCO2 192.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans
Cannabiripsol 192007 Click to see 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Hydropyrimidines
4-(diaminomethylideneamino)butyl (1S,4S,5R,6R,10R)-6-methyl-10-nonyl-7,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylate 162848402 Click to see 462.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles
methuenine-N-oxide 44559602 Click to see CC=C1C[N+](CC2C1CC(=O)C3=C(C2)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C)[O-] 310.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives
4'-Hydroxyspiro[3,5-dioxa-11-azatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,6.012,15]pentadeca-1(15),2(6),7,9,11-pentaene-14,1'-cyclohexane]-13-one 162938951 Click to see C1CC2(CCC1O)C3=C4C(=CC5=C3OCO5)C=CN=C4C2=O 297.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253996/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrroles / Substituted pyrroles
3-Phenyl-1-(pyrrol-1-yl)propan-1-one 11074385 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(=O)N2C=CC=C2 199.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / N-acylpyrrolidines
Sarmentine 6440616 Click to see 221.34 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
(E)-1-[(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one 52326187 Click to see 233.26 unknown via CMAUP database
[(3S,4S)-4-acetyloxy-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl] acetate 11638279 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CN(CC1OC(=O)C)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 317.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Langkamide 53494929 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CC(=O)N2CC=CC2=O 303.31 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentamide C 11514809 Click to see 291.34 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl- 8784 Click to see 148.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
7-Hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enoxy)chromen-2-one 11964491 Click to see CC(=C)C(COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O)O 262.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00189-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
(2S)-5-hydroxy-6,8-bis[[2-hydroxy-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 56672279 Click to see 664.70 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Methoxychamanetin 56682299 Click to see 376.40 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Methoxydichamanetin 56656188 Click to see 482.50 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Methoxyisochamanetin 70698153 Click to see 376.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isochamanetin 5318528 Click to see 362.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentosumin A 56600474 Click to see 680.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentosumin B 56600475 Click to see 680.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentosumin C 56600476 Click to see 786.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Sarmentosumin D 56600677 Click to see 786.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Pinocembrin 68071 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database

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