Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Phillyrea latifolia, an evergreen Mediterranean shrub valued in ancient pharmacopoeias, was used as a mild medicinal infusion and topical preparation by several cultures. In southern Italy, country physicians prepared infusions of the dried leaves to relieve mild respiratory discomforts, particularly in childhood ailments (Ghirardini, 1906). In Portugal, rural healers employed a leaf poultice applied to inflamed areas of the skin, often to speed minor abrasions and irritations (Carvalho and Dantas, 2001). Along the French Riviera, coastal communities used the fruits in maceration with wine for dyspepsia and “bilious” complaints, a practice that also carried into Corsica (Fabre, 1803). These preparations consistently involve the plant’s leaves and fruits, and they fall into clearly defined forms: infusions, decoctions, macerations, and poultices.

A practical infusion for mild throat comfort may be prepared as follows. Use 2–3 g of fresh young leaves or 1.5–2 g of dried leaves, pour over 200–250 mL of nearly boiling water, and steep covered for 8–10 minutes; then strain. Take one cup up to three times daily, avoiding prolonged or high‑dose use without professional guidance. This mild tea is reported safe for adults at these modest quantities but should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation due to lack of established dosing safety, and persons taking anticoagulants or antidiabetic medications should seek medical advice before regular use.

The therapeutic associations of these traditional uses are supported by the plant’s well‑documented secondary metabolites, including flavonoids (such as luteolin and quercetin), hydroxycinnamic acids (notably chlorogenic and caffeic acids), and the iridoid glycoside oleuropein, all of which have antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity reported for Oleaceae and for Phillyrea species (Le Floch et al., 1997; Russo et al., 2000). These constituents plausibly underlie the folk indications for topical relief and digestive comfort.

Phillyrea latifolia remains a traditional remedy in coastal Mediterranean areas where leaf teas and poultices are still prepared for mild discomforts, and a small modern market offers dried leaf teas and tinctures. Contemporary laboratory work continues to profile its polyphenols and to explore antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory potential, though comprehensive human clinical trials are still limited.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
None documented.

Industrial and craft applications:
None documented.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None documented.

Colorants and tanning:
None documented.

Wood and fiber:
None documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented.

Properties relevant to use:
None documented.

Standards and regulation:
None documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
None documented.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Olea latifolia	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 13 (1796)
Phillyrea latifolia subsp. daninii	Valdés	Bocconea 3: 161 (1992)
Phillyrea latifolia var. rodriguezii	(P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo	Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 89 (1983)
Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. rodriguezii	(P.Monts.) Rivas Mart.	Itin. Geobot. 15: 705 (2002)
Phillyrea latifolia subsp. rodriguezii	(P.Monts.) Romo	Fl. Silvestres Baleares : 235 (1994)
Phillyrea ellipticifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57 (1929)
Phillyrea jahandiezii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57 (1929)
Phillyrea isabelis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea integrifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea ilicifolia	Willd.	Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. : 13 (1809)
Phillyrea hybrida	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51 (1935)
Phillyrea grandifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54 (1935)
Phillyrea fontserei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea foliosa	Sennen	Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 28: 179 (1929 publ. 1930)
Phillyrea cadevalli	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58 (1929)
Phillyrea divaricata	Vis.	Orto Bot. Padova : 144 (1842)
Phillyrea daveauana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea coriacea	Link	Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(1): 155 (1820)
Phillyrea cordifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63 (1929)
Phillyrea colmeiroana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 60 (1935)
Phillyrea caroli	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea oblongifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54 (1935)
Phillyrea obliqua	Willd.	Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. : 12 (1809)
Phillyrea medianifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63 (1929)
Phillyrea media	L.	Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 887 (1759)
Phillyrea laevis	Willd.	Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1: 12. 1809 [Apr 1809]
Phillyrea martini	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 84 (1929)
Phillyrea major	Zumagl.	Fl. Pedem. 1: 73 (1849)
Phillyrea longifolia	Link	Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(1): 154 (1820)
Phillyrea ligustrifolia	L.	Amoen. Acad. 4: 476 (1759)
Phillyrea levis	Ten.	Fl. Napol. 3: 6 (1824)
Phillyrea buxifolia	Link	Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(1): 157 (1820)
Phillyrea bolivaris	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58 (1929)
Phillyrea barrandonis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 59 (1935)
Phillyrea barceloi	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea arbutifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57 (1929)
Phillyrea aeolica	Tineo ex Lojac.	Fl. Sicul. 2(2): 52 (1907)
Phillyrea obtusata	Link	Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(1): 156 (1820)
Phillyrea oleifolia	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 5 (1768)
Phillyrea trabutii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 60 (1935)
Phillyrea subangustifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 47 (1929)
Phillyrea stricta	Bertol.	Fl. Ital. 1: 43 (1833)
Phillyrea spinosa	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 3 (1768)
Phillyrea rubioana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58 (1929)
Phillyrea variabilis	Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 494. 1881 [prob. Jul 1881]
Phillyrea racemosa	Link	Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(1): 160 (1820)
Phillyrea quercifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58 (1929)
Phillyrea pendula	Willd.	Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. : 12 (1809)
Phillyrea pedunculata	Bory & Chaub.	Nouv. Fl. Pélop. : 7 (1838)
Phillyrea pachyphylla	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63 (1929)
Phillyrea olleri	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57 (1929)
Phillyrea valentina	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62 (1929)
Phillyrea vulgaris	Caruel	Prodr. Fl. Tosc. : 444 (1864)
Phillyrea virgata	Willd.	Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. : 12 (1809)
Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. latifolia	(L.) Maire	Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 574. 1934 (1934)
Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. media	(L.) Bonnier & Layens	Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 211. 1894 [May-Jun 1894]
Phillyrea latifolia subsp. media	(L.) P.Fourn.	Quatre Fl. France 869. 1938 (1938)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. caballeroi	Sennen	Diagn. Nouv. 108. 1936 (1936)
Phillyrea media var. ligustrifolia	(L.) Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11 (1789)
Phillyrea media var. virgata	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11 (1789)
Phillyrea media var. pendula	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11 (1789)
Phillyrea media var. oleifolia	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11 (1789)
Phillyrea media var. buxifolia	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11. 1789
Phillyrea latifolia var. laevis	(Münchh.) Aiton	Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 12. 1789
Phillyrea latifolia var. spinosa	(Mill.) Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 12 (1789)
Phillyrea latifolia var. obliqua	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 12 (1789)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. rigoi	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 53. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. stricta	(Bertol.) Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 53. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. alaternifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 53. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. sagarrae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 53. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. patxoti	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 54. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. microdonta	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 54. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. virgata	(Aiton) Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 54. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. mezerifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 54. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. martonnei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 54. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. luciae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 55. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. souliei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 55. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia var. balearica	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 55.
Phillyrea medianifolia var. costei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 55.
Phillyrea medianifolia var. buxifolia	(Aiton) Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56 1929
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. vayedana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia var. corsica	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56.
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. jordanii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. prunellifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. heribaudii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. aguilaris	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. montserratensis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56. (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. castellana	Sennen & Elias	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57. (1929)
Phillyrea ellipticifolia subsp. bordoyana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57. (1929)
Phillyrea bolivaris subsp. foliosa	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58. (1929)
Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. xavieri	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58. (1929)
Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. floribunda	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58. (1929)
Phillyrea quercifolia subsp. hickelis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 58. (1929)
Phillyrea cordifolia var. strobli	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 59.
Phillyrea barceloi subsp. knochei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 62. (1929)
Phillyrea barceloi subsp. marcetii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63. (1929)
Phillyrea barceloi subsp. moraudii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63. (1929)
Phillyrea barceloi subsp. flahaultiana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63. (1929)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. oblongifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63. (1929)
Phillyrea spinosa var. grandidentata	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 63.
Phillyrea pachyphylla subsp. augustinii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 64. (1929)
Phillyrea laevis subsp. gastonis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 64. (1929)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. vallisvidrerae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51. (1935)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. sudrei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51. (1935)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. valdesulcata	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51. (1935)
Phillyrea subangustifolia var. diazii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51.
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. cneorifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51. (1935)
Phillyrea subangustifolia var. oleastrifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 51.
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. neriifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. crenatifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. ilicifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. allorgeana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. verdagueri	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. danielis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 52. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia var. anselmii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53.
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. heracliana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. dionysiana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. paui	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. tortesii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. bercialis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. timbalii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 53. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. flichei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. fernandii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54. (1935)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. maurorum	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. pujiulae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 54. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. pardilloana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. degenii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. unamunoana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. loretii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. closiana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. laurifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. reynieri	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 55. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. vidalii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 56. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. forestieri	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 56. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. maireana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 56. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. andreuana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 56. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. salvadoris	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 56. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. laguardae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. briquetii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. tournefortii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia subsp. grandifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. gaudiana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. webbiana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 57. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. parlatorei	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 58. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. burnatii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 58. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. sanmiguelis	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 58. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. sallentii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 58. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. puigii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 58. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. rabassaletana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 59. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. barrerae	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 59. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. fernandezii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 59. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. gonzaleziana	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 59. (1935)
Phillyrea media var. rodriguezii	P.Monts.	Acta Geobot. Barcinon. 5: 21 1970
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. vinyalsii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 60. (1935)
Phillyrea cordifolia subsp. navasii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1935: 60. (1935)
Phillyrea longifolia	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 57 (1929)
Phillyrea nerifolia-media	Sennen	Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1924: n.° 5028 (1925)
Phillyrea jordani-media	Sennen	Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1924: n.° 5031 (1925)
Phillyrea mucronata	Tausch	Flora 14: 642 (1831)
Phillyrea prunellifolia-media	Sennen	Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1924: n.° 5036 (1925)
Phillyrea variabilis subsp. stricta	(Bertol.) Arcang.	Comp. Fl. Ital. : 465 (1882)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. jorroi	Sennen & Mauricio	Diagn. Nouv. 130 (1936)
Phillyrea medianifolia subsp. frondosa	Sennen	Diagn. Nouv. : 130 (1936)
Phillyrea subangustifolia subsp. fontqueri	Sennen & Mauricio	Diagn. Nouv. : 130 (1936)
Phillyrea latifolia subsp. stricta	(Bertol.) Rouy	Fl. France 10: 222 (1908)
Phillyrea latifolia var. serrata	Tausch	Flora 14: 641 (1831)
Phillyrea vulgaris var. latifolia	(L.) Caruel	Prodr. Fl. Tosc. : 444 (1860)
Phillyrea spinosa var. latifolia	Tausch	Flora 14: 642 (1831)
Phillyrea mucronata var. serrata	Tausch	Flora 14: 642 (1831)
Phillyrea media var. grandifolia	Alleiz.	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 12: 125 (1921)
Phillyrea cordifolia var. kebdanensis	Sennen & Mauricio	Diagn. Nouv. : 247 (1936)
Phillyrea mucronata var. lanceolata	Tausch	Flora 14: 642 (1831)
Phillyrea spinosa var. angustifolia	Tausch	Unknown
Phillyrea variabilis var. latifolia	(L.) Parl.	Fl. Ital. 8: 159 (1888)
Phillyrea latifolia var. integrifolia	Tausch	Flora 14: 641 (1831)
Phillyrea mucronata var. dentata	Tausch	Flora 14: 642 (1831)
Phillyrea latifolia var. ilicifolia	(Willd.) DC.	Prodr. 8: 292 (1844)
Phillyrea latifolia var. castellana-media	Sennen	Exsicc. (Pl. Espagne) 1924: n.° 5178 (1925)
Phillyrea latifolia var. rotundifolia	Rehder	Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2583 (1916)
Phillyrea medianifolia subvar. stroblii	Sennen	Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1929: 56 (1929)
Phillyrea medianifolia f. majorifolia	Sennen	Diagn. Nouv. : 108 (1936)
Phillyrea latifolia var. buxifolia	(Aiton) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch	Deutschl. Fl. , ed. 3, 1: 299 (1823)
Phillyrea latifolia f. pendula	(Aiton) Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 445 (1947)
Phillyrea latifolia subsp. orientalis	Sébastian	Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 6: 84 (1956)
Phillyrea media var. oleaefolia	(Mill.) Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 11 (1789)
Phillyrea variabilis	Timb.-Lagr. & Loret	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 18 (1860)
Phillyrea latifolia var. media	(L.) DC.	Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. : 49 (1813)
Phillyrea latifolia f. spinosa	(Mill.) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 574 (1949)
Phillyrea latifolia f. ilicifolia	(Willd.) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 416 (1903)
Phillyrea latifolia f. buxifolia	(Aiton) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 416 (1903)
Phillyrea latifolia f. rotundifolia	(Rehder) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 575 (1949)
Phillyrea laevis	Münchh.	Hausvater 5: 213 (1770)

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Language	Common/alternative name
Arabic	زرود عريض الأوراق
Arabic	العتم
Arabic	الشحص
Azerbaijani	Еnliyаrpаq fillirеyа
Bulgarian	грипа
Catalan	aladern de fulla ampla
German	breitblättrige steinlinde
Basque	gartxu hostozabal
Hebrew	בר זית בינוני
Hungarian	keleti korallkígyó
Kabyle	tamtwala
oc	aladèrn de fuèlha larga
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Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000817958
Tropicos	23000215
INPN	113148
Flora of Italy	3987
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610971-1
The Plant List	kew-355786
Open Tree Of Life	558232
Observations.org	131501
NCBI Taxonomy	126558
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000042143
IUCN Red List	79919776
IPNI	610971-1
iNaturalist	82876
GBIF	7325923
EPPO	PLRLA
EOL	5656788
Elurikkus	588723
USDA GRIN	27721
Wikipedia	Phillyrea_latifolia

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Growth form, regeneration mode, and vegetation type explain leaf trait variability at the species and community levels in Mediterranean woody vegetation

Tüfekcioğlu İ, Tavşanoğlu Ç

Ecol Evol

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10927360
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11145
PMID:	38469041

The genus Fomitopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) reconsidered

Spirin V, Runnel K, Vlasák J, Viner I, Barrett MD, Ryvarden L, Bernicchia A, Rivoire B, Ainsworth AM, Grebenc T, Cartabia M, Niemelä T, Larsson KH, Miettinen O

Stud Mycol

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11003443
doi:	10.3114/sim.2024.107.03
PMID:	38600960

Multi-scale datasets for monitoring Mediterranean oak forests from optical remote sensing during the SENTHYMED/MEDOAK experiment in the north of Montpellier (France)

Adeline K, Féret JB, Clenet H, Limousin JM, Ourcival JM, Mouillot F, Alleaume S, Jolivot A, Briottet X, Bidel L, Aria E, Defossez A, Gaubert T, Giffard-Carlet J, Kempf J, Longepierre D, Lopez F, Miraglio T, Vigouroux J, Debue M

Data Brief

13-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10884421
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2024.110185
PMID:	38406250

Assessment of Ecological Bridges at Wildlife Crossings in Türkiye: A Case Study of Wild Boar Crossings on the Izmir-Çeşme Motorway

Tuttu U, Ulaş E, Gülçin D, Velázquez J, Çiçek K, Özcan AU

Animals (Basel)

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10778415
doi:	10.3390/ani14010030
PMID:	38200762

Exploring the Phytochemical Composition and Biological Potential of Balkan Endemic Species Stachys scardica Griseb

Mantovska DI, Zhiponova MK, Petrova D, Alipieva K, Bonchev G, Boycheva I, Evstatieva Y, Nikolova D, Tsacheva I, Simova S, Yordanova ZP

Plants (Basel)

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780532
doi:	10.3390/plants13010030
PMID:	38202340

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023

Gibin D, Gutierrez Linares A, Fasanelli E, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10722330
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477
PMID:	38107375

Natural Antimicrobials: A Reservoir to Contrast Listeria monocytogenes

Ricci A, Lazzi C, Bernini V

Microorganisms

15-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10609241
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms11102568
PMID:	37894226

A single-point modeling approach for the intercomparison and evaluation of ozone dry deposition across chemical transport models (Activity 2 of AQMEII4)

Clifton OE, Schwede D, Hogrefe C, Bash JO, Bland S, Cheung P, Coyle M, Emberson L, Flemming J, Fredj E, Galmarini S, Ganzeveld L, Gazetas O, Goded I, Holmes CD, Horváth L, Huijnen V, Li Q, Makar PA, Mammarella I, Manca G, Munger JW, Pérez-Camanyo JL, Pleim J, Ran L, Jose RS, Silva SJ, Staebler R, Sun S, Tai AP, Tas E, Vesala T, Weidinger T, Wu Z, Zhang L

Atmos Chem Phys

06-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10659075
doi:	10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023
PMID:	37990693

How do barley plants with impaired photosynthetic light acclimation survive under high-light stress?

Saeid Nia M, Scholz L, Garibay-Hernández A, Mock HP, Repnik U, Selinski J, Krupinska K, Bilger W

Planta

26-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10460368
doi:	10.1007/s00425-023-04227-8
PMID:	37632541

Physiological and proteomic changes of Castanopsis fissa in response to drought stress

Li C, Chen S, Wang Y

Sci Rep

02-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10397200
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-39235-x
PMID:	37532761

God save the queen! How and why the dominant evergreen species of the Mediterranean Basin is declining?

Alderotti F, Verdiani E

AoB Plants

01-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10601391
doi:	10.1093/aobpla/plad051
PMID:	37899973

Effects of Drought Stress on Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Different Organs of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Huang X, Guo W, Yang L, Zou Z, Zhang X, Addo-Danso SD, Zhou L, Li S

Plants (Basel)

28-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10347226
doi:	10.3390/plants12132477
PMID:	37447038

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2022

Gibin D, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

13-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10262070
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8061
PMID:	37325259

Annual changes in biomass amount and feeding potential of shrubby rangelands in maquis formation

Alatürk F, Hanoğlu Oral H, Gökkuş A, Ali B

PeerJ

25-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10143608
doi:	10.7717/peerj.15204
PMID:	37123014

Roles of Essential Oils, Polyphenols, and Saponins of Medicinal Plants as Natural Additives and Anthelmintics in Ruminant Diets: A Systematic Review

Ramdani D, Yuniarti E, Jayanegara A, Chaudhry AS

Animals (Basel)

20-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9951870
doi:	10.3390/ani13040767
PMID:	36830554

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	123134239	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
2-(4-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro(3,4-c)furan-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	12314162	Click to see	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
Phillyrin	101712	Click to see	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
2H-Pyran-4-acetic acid, 3-ethylidene-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester, [2S-(2alpha,3E,4beta)]-; Ligstroside	72727933	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
Ligstroside	14136859	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
methyl (4R,5E,6S)-4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	13232124	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
methyl (4S,5E,6R)-5-ethylidene-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	75492723	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606
methyl (5Z)-5-ethylidene-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	14136858	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V
methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxo-ethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	3789874	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
Secologanoside	14136854	Click to see	390.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V
Secoxyloganin	162868	Click to see	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
7-Epiloganic acid	443342	Click to see	376.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid	619166	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579515 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579515 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)-	220774	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.1307
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(1R,4aS,8S,8aS)-1-methyl-3-oxo-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylic acid	95224052	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=O)O1)C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O	390.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	4961358	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
Salidroside	159278	Click to see	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	3496897	Click to see	342.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	323959	Click to see	372.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
Coniferin	5280372	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CCO)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	342.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004
Syringin	5316860	Click to see	372.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-12004 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2001-5-606
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	132274946	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Verbascoside	5281800	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579515
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579515
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579515
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one	45933933	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	5280704	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Isorhoifolin	9851181	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5

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Phillyrea latifolia

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