Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ocimum americanum L., often called hoary basil, is a fragrant shrub whose leaves have become a staple of several traditional health systems. In southwestern Nigeria the Yoruba people prepare a simple infusion of fresh leaves to treat fever and malaria symptoms; the practice is documented by Odugbemi et al., 2006, who recorded the use of a tea made from roughly one heaped teaspoon of chopped leaves steeped in a cup of boiling water for five to ten minutes. In the Zulu communities of KwaZulu‑Natal, South Africa, the same species is used in a decoction; a handful of leaves is boiled in water for twenty minutes and the liquid taken in small doses for stomach cramps and dysentery, as described by Van Wyk and Wink, 2015. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, Ayurvedic practitioners employ a poultice of crushed leaves applied directly to minor wounds and skin infections; Kumar and Pandey, 2012, noted that the fresh leaf mass is pressed onto the affected area and renewed twice daily until healing is evident.

For anyone wanting to prepare a safe, mild tea for occasional cough or fever, the simplest method is to use one teaspoon (about 1 g) of fresh leaves per cup of water. Bring the water to a rolling boil, pour it over the leaves, cover the cup and let the mixture steep for 5–10 minutes before straining. The resulting beverage can be taken up to two or three times a day. Because the plant contains estragole (a phenylpropene linked to potential uterine stimulation), pregnant women should avoid regular consumption and children should be given only a diluted version (½‑tsp leaves per cup). Over‑use can lead to mild gastrointestinal upset due to the volatile oils.

The therapeutic activity of Ocimum americanum is linked to a well‑characterized essential‑oil profile that includes linalool, eugenol, methyl eugenol and 1,8‑cineole, as reported by Rashid et al., 2013, and to a range of phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids like apigenin and luteolin, which Alhaji et al., 2018, identified in leaf extracts. These constituents exhibit antimicrobial, antispasmodic and anti‑inflammatory actions that plausibly explain the traditional relief of fever, cough and dyspepsia.

Modern research has confirmed that the leaf essential oil inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Mukherjee et al., 2020), prompting interest in its development as a natural preservative. Commercial teas made from dried O. americanum leaves are now sold in several African and Indian herbal markets, and in many rural households the plant remains a readily available remedy for mild respiratory and digestive complaints, bridging age‑old practices with contemporary scientific validation.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Leaf essential oil (hydrodistilled or CO2-extracted) used in fragrance, flavor, and aromatherapy applications; fresh or dried aerial parts used as a culinary herb.

Industrial and craft applications:
The essential oil serves as a fragrance component in soaps, detergents, and household cleaners, and as a flavor/aroma ingredient in confectionery and baked goods. Chemotype-dependent, oil rich in monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole and p-cymene confers characteristic fresh-camphoraceous notes useful for scenting consumer products and certain craft applications.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fresh and dried aerial parts function as a culinary herb in regional cuisines, providing aromatic seasoning. The essential oil is used as a flavoring (nature-identical) in beverages, condiments, and processed foods, at approved concentration ranges established by flavor regulatory frameworks (e.g., FEMA GRAS in the United States; Council of Europe FLAVIS/Flavouring Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 in the EU).

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use.

Wood and fiber:
No documented use.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Leaf essential oil is incorporated as a fragrance material in soaps, toiletries, and perfumes. Due to potential skin-sensitizing constituents (e.g., estragole and methyleugenol), cosmetic uses typically follow compliance with IFRA Standards and relevant regulations such as the EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for fragrance allergens and restricted substances.

Properties relevant to use:
Oil composition is chemotype-dependent with monoterpenes (1,8-cineole, p-cymene, limonene) and phenylpropanoids (estragole/methyl chavicol, eugenol) as major constituents. Variability arises from geography, cultivar, and harvest stage; this influences sensory profile and suitability for specific flavor/fragrance applications.

Standards and regulation:
Flavor use is governed by FEMA GRAS and EU flavor legislation; fragrance and cosmetic applications follow IFRA Standards and national/international cosmetic regulations for allergen labeling and restricted substances.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Sourcing is wild-harvest and cultivated; agronomic and essential oil yield data are variable. No specific sustainability certifications or yield standards are established for Ocimum americanum essential oil.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ocimum album	Roxb.	Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 15 (1832)
Ocimum brachiatum	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 833 (1826)
Ocimum canum	Sims	Bot. Mag. 51: t. 2452 (1823)
Ocimum dichotomum	Hochst. ex Benth.	Prodr. 12: 39 (1848)
Ocimum dinteri	Briq.	Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 3: 980 (1903)
Ocimum fluminense	Vell.	Fl. Flumin. 4: t. 11 (1829)
Ocimum fruticulosum	Burch.	Trav. S. Africa 2: 264 (1824)
Ocimum hispidulum	Schumach. & Thonn.	Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 266 (1827)
Ocimum incanescens	Mart.	Reise Bras. 2: 799 (1828)
Ocimum stamineum	Sims	Bot. Mag. 51: t. 2452 (1823)
Ocimum thymoides	Baker	Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 344 (1900)
Becium obovatum var. glabrior	(Benth.) Cufod.	Senckenberg. Biol. 43: 287 1962
Ocimum canum var. integrifolium	Engl.	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 267. 1888
Ocimum serpyllifolium var. glabrius	Benth.	Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. : 226 (1837)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	hoary basil
English	american basil
English	lime basil
English	hairy basil
English	hransvaal basil
Afrikaans	wilde basielkruid
Afrikaans	transvaal basielkruid
Afrikaans	bostee
Afrikaans	boesmansboegoe
Arabic	حبق أمريكي
Azerbaijani	ocimum canum
ban	kecarum
German	amerikanisches basilikum
Hausa	cwai ɗwaiya
Hindi	अरण्यतुलसी
Croatian	limunski bosiljak
Italian	basilico americano
Korean	회바질
Malay	pokok kemangi
pap	yerba di hole
Polish	bazylia amerykańska
Portuguese	alfavaca-do-campo
Kinyarwanda	isonga
Tamil	கஞ்சங்குல்லை
Tamil	குல்லை
Tamil	புனத்துளசி
Tamil	நாய்த்துளசி
Telugu	వన తులసి
Chinese	灰羅勒
Chinese	灰罗勒
Chinese	草灵脂

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Cape Verde
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Cape Provinces
  - Caprivi Strip
  - Free State
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
  - Swaziland
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Southeast

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast
- Caribbean
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
- Central America
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000253211
UNII	0899QOA7PA
Tropicos	17607555
INPN	109795
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316218-2
The Plant List	kew-136802
Open Tree Of Life	782165
Observations.org	198800
NCBI Taxonomy	204141
IPNI	316218-2
iNaturalist	181061
GBIF	2927097
Freebase	/m/04y6p9l
EPPO	OCICA
EOL	483863
Elurikkus	648995
USDA GRIN	402305
Wikipedia	Ocimum_americanum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Multi-functional copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Lagerstroemia indica leaf extracts and their applications

Geremew A, Palmer L, Johnson A, Reeves S, Brooks N, Carson L

Heliyon

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11078880
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30178
PMID:	38726176

A Comparison between Bulgarian Tanacetum parthenium Essential Oil from Two Different Locations

Lechkova B, Benbassat N, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanov K, Peychev L, Peychev Z, Dyankov S, Georgieva-Dimova Y, Kraev K, Ivanova S

Molecules

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085318
doi:	10.3390/molecules29091969
PMID:	38731460

Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Potential of Phytogenic Selenium Nanoparticle- and Light Regime-Mediated In Vitro Caralluma tuberculata Callus Culture Extract

Ali A, Mashwani ZU, Raja NI, Mohammad S, Ahmad MS, Luna-Arias JP

ACS Omega

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11079897
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c10222
PMID:	38737082

Exposure of Caralluma tuberculata to biogenic selenium nanoparticles as in vitro rooting agent: Stimulates morpho-physiological and antioxidant defense system

Ali A, Mashwani ZU, Raja NI, Mohammad S, Ahmad MS, Luna-Arias JP

PLoS One

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11006134
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0297764
PMID:	38598493

TiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings and Inactivation of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Biofilm—Opportunities and Challenges

Bereanu AS, Vintilă BI, Bereanu R, Codru IR, Hașegan A, Olteanu C, Săceleanu V, Sava M

Microorganisms

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11051735
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms12040684
PMID:	38674628

Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment on the Metabolic Profile of Medicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Potential

Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M

Plants (Basel)

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976221
doi:	10.3390/plants13060913
PMID:	38592933

Biological effects of Lippia alba essential oil against Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti

Coulibaly FH, Rossignol M, Haddad M, Carrasco D, Azokou A, Valente A, Ginibre C, Koné MW, Chandre F

Sci Rep

12-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10861474
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-52801-1
PMID:	38346996

Phenotypic Variations and Bioactive Constituents among Selected Ocimum Species

Mulugeta SM, Pluhár Z, Radácsi P

Plants (Basel)

24-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780635
doi:	10.3390/plants13010064
PMID:	38202372

Pesticides vs. Biopesticides: From Pest Management to Toxicity and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

Daraban GM, Hlihor RM, Suteu D

Toxics

04-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748064
doi:	10.3390/toxics11120983
PMID:	38133384

Achillea millefolium: Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions and tolerability

Farasati Far B, Behzad G, Khalili H

Heliyon

30-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10703637
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22841
PMID:	38076118

The Characterization and Study of Antibacterial, Free Radical Scavenging, and Anticancer Potential of Livistona chinensis-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

Saleem A, Ali S, Aftab MN, Shami A, Al-Saeed FA, Mustafa B, Paray BA

Molecules

25-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10708060
doi:	10.3390/molecules28237773
PMID:	38067504

An Overview of Cancer in Djibouti: Current Status, Therapeutic Approaches, and Promising Endeavors in Local Essential Oil Treatment

Abdoul-Latif FM, Ainane A, Houmed Aboubaker I, Mohamed J, Ainane T

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

16-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10674319
doi:	10.3390/ph16111617
PMID:	38004482

Bioactive ZnO Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Applications

Huq MA, Apu MA, Ashrafudoulla M, Rahman MM, Parvez MA, Balusamy SR, Akter S, Rahman MS

Pharmaceutics

16-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675506
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15112634
PMID:	38004613

Participatory ethnobotany: comparison between two quilombos in the Atlantic Forest, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

Sauini T, Henrique Gonçalves Santos P, Paulino Albuquerque U, Yazbek P, da Cruz C, Hortal Pereira Barretto E, Alice dos Santos M, Silva Gomes MA, dos Santos G, Braga S, José Francischetti Garcia R, Honda S, Matta P, Aragaki S, Ueno A, Rodrigues E

PeerJ

07-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10637247
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16231
PMID:	37953791

Chemical Composition and Future Perspectives of Essential Oil Obtained from a Wild Population of Stachys germanica L. Distributed in the Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria

Ivanova S, Pashova S, Dyankov S, Georgieva Y, Ivanov K, Benbassat N, Koleva N, Bozhkova M, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D

Int J Anal Chem

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10630024
doi:	10.1155/2023/4275213
PMID:	37942231

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
(E,E)-1,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-hexadiene	11140953	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCCC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)80152-1
1-Methoxy-4-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)hexa-1,5-dienyl]benzene	85413178	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)80152-1
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol	3314	Click to see	164.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730040104
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Gamma-Terpinene	7461	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octen-3-Ol	18827	Click to see	128.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201
3-Octanol	11527	Click to see	130.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Linalool	6549	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90113-X https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12457
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene	7463	Click to see	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
(+-)-Myrtenol	10582	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
(+)-Isoborneol	6973640	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
(5S)-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane	6429260	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
4-Carene, (1S,3R,6R)-(-)-	530422	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
Bergamotene	521569	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Borneol	64685	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
Camphene	6616	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
Camphor	2537	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
CID 44630107	44630107	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
D-Camphor	159055	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Sabinene	18818	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Limonene	440917	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
4-Terpineol, (+/-)-	11230	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
alpha-PHELLANDRENE	7460	Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Beta-Phellandrene	11142	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1S,2S,3S,6R,7R,8R)-1,3-dimethyl-8-prop-1-en-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decan-3-ol	162901363	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
(1S,2S,3S,6R,7R,8Z)-8-(1-hydroxypropan-2-ylidene)-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decan-3-ol	162893944	Click to see	236.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
11-Copaen-4-ol	14807653	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
2-[(1R,2R,3R,6S,7R)-6-methyl-8-methylidene-3-tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decanyl]propan-2-ol	162885927	Click to see CC12CCC(C3C1CCC(=C)C23)C(C)(C)O	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
4(15)-Copaen-11-ol	14807655	Click to see CC12CCC(C3C1CCC(=C)C23)C(C)(C)O	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
8-(1-Hydroxypropan-2-ylidene)-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decan-3-ol	162893943	Click to see	236.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83755-A
beta-Cadinene	10657	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Caryophyllene,alpha + beta mixt.	5354499	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Humulene	5281520	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
2-Isopropenyl-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene	10123	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
alpha-Selinene	10856614	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
Beta-Selinene	442393	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80031-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50018A028
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
Cinnamic acid	444539	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O	148.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Rosmarinic Acid	5281792	Click to see	360.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.04.001
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin	5280442	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Pilosin	12085264	Click to see	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Isothymusin	630253	Click to see	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
Salvigenin	161271	Click to see	328.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82238-4
Sorbifolin	3084390	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Demethylnobiletin	358832	Click to see	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8
Nevadensin	160921	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)O)OC)O	344.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82238-4
Xanthomicrol	73207	Click to see	344.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00439-8

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Ocimum americanum

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