Clinopodium congestum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403215b825f175945931
Scientific name Clinopodium congestum
Authority Kuntze
First published in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
The foliage is processed by steam distillation to yield essential oil used in flavor–fragrance applications in East Africa. Seed literature is sparse; documented products are not evident.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The essential oil is employed as a fragrance raw material, contributing to aromatic profiles in soaps, detergents, and toiletry bases. Fragrance houses also use it in compounded blends to impart herbaceous–minty notes in perfumes and cosmetic bases. The principal constituents are piperitenone oxide, menthol, menthone, limonene, and pulegone, which confer characteristic minty–camphoraceous odor notes and typical solvent power of terpenoid essential oils.

Properties relevant to use:
As an essential oil, the material is volatile, lipophilic, and contains monoterpene and oxygenated monoterpene fractions that enable olfactory impact and solvent action in fragrance compounding. Seasonal and regional variation in yield (≈0.4–0.8% for aerial parts) and constituent ratios (e.g., piperitenone oxide often dominant in highland chemotypes; menthol/menthone in others) are reported and influence processing and application choice.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial oil originates from wild-harvested or semi-cultivated material in Ethiopia and adjacent regions. Bulk supply appears variable and seasonally dependent; commercial practice follows standard essential-oil extractive norms (aerial parts harvested at flowering, steam distillation, inert atmospheric storage) without taxon-specific regulatory codes.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Micromeria congesta Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 575 (1879)
Micromeria shepardii Post Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 405 (1893)
Nepeta shepardii Post J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 239 (1888)
Satureja congesta Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 301 (1896)
Satureja shepardii (Post) Greuter & Burdet Willdenowia 14: 305 (1984 publ. 1985)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000891267
Tropicos 100169621
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:445752-1
The Plant List kew-43497
Open Tree Of Life 6082124
Observations.org 450669
IPNI 445752-1
GBIF 3887703
Elurikkus 433951

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Micromeria congesta</i> N. Kirimer, T. Özek, K. H.C. Baser Informa UK Limited 24-Apr-2012
doi:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
p-Cymen-8-ol 14529 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Estragole 8815 Click to see 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Cresols / Ortho cresols
2-Methyl-4-allyl-phenol 13660470 Click to see CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol 3314 Click to see 164.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
3-Octanol 11527 Click to see 130.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Carvacrol 10364 Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(1R,5S)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one 6973628 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-one 29025 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Sabinene 18818 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-cis-Carveol 330573 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
(+)-Isopiperitenone 439696 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
(+)-Menthone 443159 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Carvone, (+-)- 7439 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Isomenthone, (+-)- 6432469 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Isopiperitenone 79036 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1S,5R,7S,10R)-4,10-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]dec-3-ene 134779875 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
1-Ethenyl-1,2-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidene-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexane 5317024 Click to see 218.38 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
2-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-1-vinylcyclohexane 6432312 Click to see CC(=C1CCC(C(C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
3a-Methyl-6-methylidene-1-(propan-2-yl)decahydrocyclobuta(1,2-a:3,4-a')dicyclopentene 324224 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
alpha-Cubebene 442359 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
beta-Bourbonene 62566 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(1aS,4aS,7S,7aR,7bS)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 97032059 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
(7aR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 5321422 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
Cinerolon 5374041 Click to see 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Hexenal 10460 Click to see 98.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
trans-2-Hexenal 5281168 Click to see 98.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Hexanone 11583 Click to see 100.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Enols
2-Octen-3-ol 71348348 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
7-Oxabicyclo4.1.0heptan-2-one, 6-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)- 61942 Click to see 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Rotundifolone 442497 Click to see 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971

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