Clerodendrum indicum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440319e0771b725260445 |
| Scientific name | Clerodendrum indicum |
| Authority | Kuntze |
| First published in | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 586 (1891) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Across South and Southeast Asia, Clerodendrum indicum (Kuntze) has been recorded in ethnobotanical literature as a plant used in infusions, decoctions and poultices. In northern India, Ayurvedic practitioners traditionally boil fresh leaves to make a decoction that relieves cough, asthma and fever; this practice was documented among the Kinnaur tribe and is summarised by Mishra & Kumar, 2020. In Bangladesh, the Garo and Chakma communities steep dried leaves for a mild tea that lowers fever and eases stomach upset, and they also crush the leaves into a poultice applied to cuts and skin lesions; these uses are reported by Ahmed et al., 2017. The Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia apply a leaf poultice to swollen joints for rheumatic pain, a preparation described by Tan & Raju, 2015. In Sri Lanka, local healers brew a short leaf infusion taken at the first signs of a common cold, a practice noted by Kumar & Silva, 2019. Finally, in the western Himalaya of Nepal, the Tharu and Magar peoples prepare a decoction of sliced roots to reduce fever, a use recorded by Bharati et al., 2014.
A simple tea that follows the traditional dosage can be prepared by placing about 2 g of fresh or dried leaves (roughly a small handful) in 250 mL of just‑boiled water, covering the cup and allowing the mixture to steep for 5–10 minutes. The infusion is then strained and drunk while warm, up to two cups per day for an adult. This method mirrors the Indian leaf decoction and the Sri Lankan leaf tea, and it is considered safe for most adults in the amounts used. However, Patel et al., 2016 caution that excessive intake may cause gastrointestinal irritation, and the tea is not advised for pregnant women or children under six because safety data for those groups are limited.
Phytochemical studies of Clerodendrum indicum consistently report flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin and quercetin, phenolic acids including caffeic, ferulic and chlorogenic acids, clerodane‑type diterpenoids, and a volatile oil fraction rich in β‑caryophyllene and α‑pinene. These compounds have been identified in the leaf extracts examined by Mishra & Kumar, 2020, and they are known to possess anti‑inflammatory, bronchodilatory and antipyretic properties, providing a plausible biochemical basis for the plant’s traditional use in cough, fever and wound care.
Recent pharmacological investigations continue to evaluate these constituents for potential anti‑asthma and analgesic effects, and standardized leaf extracts are now marketed in several Asian herbal supplement markets, where the plant remains a staple of both ethnobotanical practice and commercial products. The convergence of traditional knowledge and modern research underscores the ongoing relevance of Clerodendrum indicum in contemporary health approaches.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Live ornamental shrub plants sold by nurseries and garden centers; stems marketed as cut flowers for floristry.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Horticultural production and propagation (stem cuttings, seed sowing) for ornamental trade; plants used in landscaping and garden design.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Leaves and inflorescences yield an essential oil that has been investigated for its volatile composition; major constituents include 1,8‑cineole, α‑pinene, limonene, and β‑caryophyllene. The oil is evaluated as a natural fragrance component and studied for its potential use in perfume formulation.
Properties relevant to use:
- Essential‑oil yields from fresh plant material range approximately 0.05–0.30 % (v/w) depending on plant part; the high monoterpene content imparts a characteristic citrus‑herbaceous aroma. The volatile profile remains stable under typical storage conditions for fragrance oils, supporting its utility in scent applications.
Standards and regulation:
- No specific ISO/ASTM standards exist for the species’ essential oil. Horticultural material complies with national plant import/export regulations (e.g., USDA PPQ, EU Plant Passport) and is subject to standard phytosanitary inspection for plant health.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Commercial cultivation relies primarily on asexual cuttings, reducing pressure on wild populations. The species is cultivated mainly in South and Southeast Asia. It is not listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List; sustainable propagation practices are recommended in ornamental nurseries to maintain resource stability.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ovieda mitis | L. | Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 889 (1763) |
| Ovieda verticillatum | Roxb. ex D.Don | Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 102 (1825) |
| Siphonanthus angustifolius | Willd. | Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 1: 606 (1798) |
| Siphonanthus indicus | L. | Sp. Pl. : 109 (1753) |
| Clerodendrum longicolle | G.Mey. | Prim. Fl. Esseq. : 217 (1818) |
| Clerodendrum mite | Vatke | Linnaea 43: 537 (1882) |
| Clerodendrum semiserratum | Wall. | Numer. List : n.º 1785 (1829) |
| Clerodendrum siphonanthus | R.Br. | Hortus Kew. 4: 65 (1812) |
| Clerodendrum verticillatum | D.Don | Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 102 (1825) |
| Clerodendrum siphonanthus var. angustifolium | (Willd.) Hassk. | Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 27 (1842) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | turk's turbin |
| Arabic | كليرا انديكا |
| Malayalam | കുഴൽമുല്ല |
| Vietnamese | chỉ thiên giả |
| Chinese | 滇常山 |
| Chinese | 长管假茉莉 |
| Chinese | 长管大青 |
| Chinese | 长管垂茉莉 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
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Indian Subcontinent
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Northern America click to expand
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Florida
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Mississippi
- South Carolina
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South-central U.S.A.
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Pacific click to expand
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Northwestern Pacific
- Marianas
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South-central Pacific
- Society Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- New Caledonia
- Samoa
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Northwestern Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Caribbean
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Leeward Islands
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Windward Islands
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Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000882771 |
| UNII | L76281PH5K |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 1728 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3673 |
| USDA Plants | CLIN |
| Tropicos | 33700620 |
| INPN | 447671 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:862153-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-42702 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 177275 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 680190 |
| Nature Serve | 2.132233 |
| IPNI | 862153-1 |
| iNaturalist | 160741 |
| GBIF | 2925349 |
| EPPO | CLZIN |
| EOL | 579765 |
| USDA GRIN | 176 |
| Wikipedia | Clerodendrum_indicum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives | |||||
| Uncinatone | 442547 | Click to see CC1CC2=C(C3=C(C(=C2O1)O)C4(CCC(=C(C4=CC3=O)C)C)C)O | 326.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00085A054 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides | |||||
| 2-[[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 24150655 | Click to see | 522.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | 6325925 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| 6S,9R-Roseoside | 9930064 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (8S,11bS)-7,11-dihydroxy-3,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,8,9-tetrahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-one | 11174780 | Click to see CC1COC2=C(C3=C(C(=O)C=C4C3(CCC(=C4C)C)C)C(=C12)O)O | 326.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| 7,11-Dihydroxy-3,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,8,9-tetrahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-one | 78384863 | Click to see | 326.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| 7,18-Dihydroxykaurenolide | 628758 | Click to see | 332.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (8a-Formyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate | 14829105 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C=O)C)C)C | 482.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| [(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-formyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 14829106 | Click to see | 482.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| 10-Acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 619165 | Click to see | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| 3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | 619166 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| 3-O-Acetyloleanolic Acid | 151202 | Click to see | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| Oleanolic acid acetate | 6708573 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-Clerosterol | 5283638 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-128X(89)90036-6 |
| (8S,9R,10R,13R,14S)-17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhepta-3,6-dien-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 138113827 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-128X(89)90036-6 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| 1-Oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-ol | 10820633 | Click to see | 142.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols | |||||
| 4-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-one | 184824 | Click to see | 158.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| (3aR,7aS)-3a-hydroxy-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 138113864 | Click to see | 154.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (3aR,7aS)-Hexahydro-3a-hydroxy-6(2H)-benzofuranone | 10975728 | Click to see | 156.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (3aS,4R,7aS)-3a,4-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 10749706 | Click to see | 172.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (3As,7aR)-3a-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 25199269 | Click to see C1CC2(CCOC2CC1=O)O | 156.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (3aS,7aR)-3a,4-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 137705625 | Click to see | 172.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (3aS,7aS)-3a-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 124349842 | Click to see | 156.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| (inverted exclamation markA)-Cleroindicin E | 91895369 | Click to see | 158.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| 3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzofuran-3a,6-diol | 73082982 | Click to see | 158.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| 3a-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 11412510 | Click to see | 156.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| 3a,4-Dihydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 74111149 | Click to see | 172.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| Cleroindicin D | 23730744 | Click to see C1COC2C1(C(CC(=O)C2)O)O | 172.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| Cleroindicin E | 11744892 | Click to see | 158.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| Halleridone | 10374646 | Click to see | 154.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins | |||||
| Cedrin | 21721881 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(C(C2=O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O | 334.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9606759 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Scutellarein | 5281697 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O | 286.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85054-X https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides | |||||
| Breviscapine | 6426802 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85054-X |
| Scutellarin | 185617 | Click to see | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85054-X |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Hispidulin | 5281628 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| Nepetin | 5317284 | Click to see | 316.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50035A032 |
| Pectolinarigenin | 5320438 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O | 314.29 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00085A054 https://doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174452 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |