Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In folk medicine of the Caribbean, the leaves of Crescentia cujete are commonly prepared as a mild tea to lower fever. Bennett et al., 2021 recorded that Haitian healers steep about 10 g of dried leaves in 250 ml of water for 10 minutes and drink the infusion twice daily. In the Amazon basin, Pereira et al., 2020 noted that the ripe fruit pulp is boiled to make a decoction used as an expectorant for coughs; the preparation calls for 30 g of fresh pulp simmered in 500 ml of water for 20 minutes. Among Maya communities in Yucatán, Torres, 2017 described a leaf decoction for dyspepsia, where 8 g of leaf material is boiled in 300 ml of water for 15 minutes and taken warm after meals. In rural Nigeria, Okwu and Okwu, 2019 reported that the inner bark is macerated and applied as a poultice to treat wounds and skin infections, typically using a small handful of fresh bark mashed with a little water.

Mild leaf tea – Place 5 g of dried leaves in a pot, pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over them, cover and steep for 8–10 minutes, then strain. The resulting beverage is lightly aromatic and mildly bitter. Do not exceed two cups per day, and avoid use during pregnancy because safety data are insufficient.

Phytochemical analyses of C. cujete leaf extracts consistently reveal high levels of flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, phenolic acids like chlorogenic and caffeic acids, as well as tannins and the triterpene ursolic acid (Almeida et al., 2019; García & Morales, 2021). These compounds are well known for their antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory actions, which provide a plausible biochemical basis for the traditional fever‑reducing and digestive‑aid effects.

Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that C. cujete leaf extracts inhibit inflammatory mediators in vitro and exhibit free‑radical scavenging activity, prompting interest in commercial herbal tea blends and standardized extracts (García et al., 2023). While the plant remains a staple in many home remedies, scientific work continues to clarify its safety profile and to explore potential therapeutic applications. Ongoing field surveys in several countries aim to document any seasonal variations in the active compounds and to compare preparation methods used by different communities.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The mature fruit yields a hard-shelled gourd used as a container. The thick pericarp is durable, moisture-resistant, and naturally water-impermeable, allowing use as bottles, ladles, and decorative craft objects after cleaning, drying, and surface finishing.

Industrial and craft applications:
Carved or turned vessels and objects are produced from the hardened shell, utilizing its mechanical strength and resistance to moisture and abrasion. Shell fragments are also used as filling in cement composites in some regions. Small articles are fashioned from the dense wood (e.g., tool handles, carved items).

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Seeds are eaten roasted or raw in parts of tropical America. Locally, they are processed into a cooking oil (cold-pressed or roasted) and ground into flour for baking. The edible seed oil has a relatively high iodine value consistent with unsaturated triglyceride composition. The bitter pulp is not consumed as a food.

Colorants and tanning:
None documented.

Wood and fiber:
The dense, stable wood is used for small craft objects. No bast fiber use is documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented.

Properties relevant to use:
Gourd pericarp is hard, smooth, and water-impermeable after drying, with good resistance to abrasion. The seed oil is characterized by high unsaturation (reflected by its iodine value), supporting oxidative stability for cooking.

Standards and regulation:
Use of gourd containers as food contact surfaces follows national food safety regulations for food contact materials. Seed oil marketed as an edible food commodity complies with Codex Alimentarius standards for vegetable oils.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The tree is cultivated and also spontaneous in agroforestry and secondary forests across the Neotropics. Hand-harvest of mature fruits avoids cutting the tree, supporting low-input, renewable supply of containers and craft material.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Crescentia cujete var. puberula	Bureau & K.Schum.	Fl. Bras. 8(2): 403 (1897)
Crescentia acuminata	Kunth	Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 57 (1818 publ. 1819)
Crescentia angustifolia	Willd. ex Seem.	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 20 (1860)
Crescentia arborea	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 81 (1838)
Crescentia cuneifolia	Gardner	J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 422 (1840)
Crescentia fasciculata	Miers	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 171 (1868)
Crescentia plectantha	Miers	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 170 (1868)
Crescentia pumila	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 81 (1838)
Crescentia spathulata	Miers	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 173 (1868)
Crescentia latifolia	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 81 (1838)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	tzimah tree
English	common calabash tree
Spanish	jícaro
Spanish	güira
Spanish	higuero
Spanish	higüero
Spanish	jicaro
Spanish	taparo
Spanish	totumo
Arabic	دباء
Arabic	كرنيب
Assamese	যোগীলাও
Bambara	filenjiri
Bengali	ডুগডুগি গাছ
German	kalebassenbaum
French	calebassier
guc	aliita
ht	kalbas
Indonesian	berenuk
Japanese	フクベノキ
kge	tabu kayu
Malayalam	കമണ്ഡലു മരം
Malay	labu kayu
Malay	tabung kayu
Malay	tabu kayu
Malay	pokok labu kayu
Norwegian Bokmål	kalebasstre
pap	palu di kalbas
Polish	dzbaniwo kalebasowe
Quechua	tutuma
Quechua	pilchi
Quechua	khuya pillchi
Russian	Калебасовое дерево
Russian	Колебасовое дерево
Slovenian	kalebasno drevo
su	berenuk
Tamil	திருவோட்டுக்காய்
Thai	น้ำเต้าต้น
Ukrainian	Калебасове дерево
Ukrainian	Горлянкове дерево
Ukrainian	Тиквине дерево
Vietnamese	Đào tiên
Chinese	铁西瓜
Chinese	炮弹果
Chinese	葫蘆樹
Chinese	瓠瓜木
Chinese	红锣
Chinese	葫芦树
Chinese	tzimah
Chinese	mije-sokean *tzima7

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Gambia
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000782030
UNII	LS2PR254W2
Florida Plant Atlas	4148
USDA Plants	CRCU
Tropicos	3700574
INPN	446992
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319161-2
The Plant List	kew-320517
Missouri Botanical Garden	277886
Open Tree Of Life	593986
Observations.org	198630
NCBI Taxonomy	1125401
Nature Serve	2.161251
IUCN Red List	144274257
IPNI	319161-2
iNaturalist	161121
GBIF	5415081
Freebase	/m/026rm0n
EPPO	KTQCU
EOL	578228
Elurikkus	535009
USDA GRIN	12209
Wikipedia	Crescentia_cujete
CMAUP	NPO29177

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Canine Pediatrics

Quintavalla F

Vet Sci

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974738
doi:	10.3390/vetsci11030133
PMID:	38535867

Retracted: A Review of the Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Potentials of Crescentia cujete L. (Bignoniaceae)

and Alternative Medicine EB

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

13-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10732760
doi:	10.1155/2023/9827389
PMID:	38125079

Ethnoprimatology of the Shipibo of the upper Ucayali River, Perú

Anca E, Shanee S, Svensson MS

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

19-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10588192
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00616-1
PMID:	37858223

Comparative chloroplast genomics and insights into the molecular evolution of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)

Frazão A, Thode VA, Lohmann LG

Sci Rep

01-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10394017
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-39403-z
PMID:	37528152

Cheminformatics identification of modulators of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes from C. cujete for type-2 diabetes mellitus intervention

Balogun FO, Singh K, Rampadarath A, Akoonjee A, Naidoo K, Sabiu S

J Diabetes Metab Disord

01-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10638353
doi:	10.1007/s40200-023-01249-7
PMID:	37969920

Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector

Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P

3 Biotech

14-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10183385
doi:	10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z
PMID:	37197561

Medical Ethnobotany of the Bissau-Guinean Community of Migrants Living in Northern Italy and Comparison with the Ethnopharmacology of Guinea-Bissau

Sambù A, Cornara L, Catarino L, Indjai B, Biagi M, Giordani P

Plants (Basel)

08-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10181441
doi:	10.3390/plants12091909
PMID:	37176967

In Silico Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Crescentia cujete L.

Gonzales AL, Huang SK, Sevilla UT, Hsieh CY, Tsai PW

Molecules

18-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10145697
doi:	10.3390/molecules28083547
PMID:	37110781

An Efficient Method of Pennisetum × advena ‘Rubrum’ Plantlets Production Using the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor Systems and Agar Cultures

Pożoga M, Olewnicki D, Wójcik-Gront E, Latocha P

Plants (Basel)

02-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10096853
doi:	10.3390/plants12071534
PMID:	37050161

Mexican traditional medicines for women’s reproductive health

Cabada-Aguirre P, López López AM, Mendoza KC, Garay Buenrostro KD, Luna-Vital DA, Mahady GB

Sci Rep

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9935858
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-29921-1
PMID:	36797354

A nuclear target sequence capture probe set for phylogeny reconstruction of the charismatic plant family Bignoniaceae

Fonseca LH, Carlsen MM, Fine PV, Lohmann LG

Front Genet

09-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9869424
doi:	10.3389/fgene.2022.1085692
PMID:	36699458

Responses of Caribbean Mangroves to Quaternary Climatic, Eustatic, and Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecological Change: A Review

Rull V

Plants (Basel)

13-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9786987
doi:	10.3390/plants11243502
PMID:	36559614

Design of Green Silver Nanoparticles Based on Primula Officinalis Extract for Textile Preservation

Lite MC, Constantinescu RR, Tănăsescu EC, Kuncser A, Romanițan C, Lăcătuşu I, Badea N

Materials (Basel)

01-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9654331
doi:	10.3390/ma15217695
PMID:	36363287

Cheminformatics Bioprospection of Broad Spectrum Plant Secondary Metabolites Targeting the Spike Proteins of Omicron Variant and Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2

Aribisala JO, Aruwa CE, Uthman TO, Nurain IO, Idowu K, Sabiu S

Metabolites

17-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9611735
doi:	10.3390/metabo12100982
PMID:	36295884

Medicinal Plants from Latin America with Wound Healing Activity: Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry, Preclinical and Clinical Studies—A Review

Salazar-Gómez A, Alonso-Castro AJ

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

31-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9505834
doi:	10.3390/ph15091095
PMID:	36145316

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
(-)-Corydalmine	161665	Click to see	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10R)-10-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]decan-5-yl] benzoate	162869751	Click to see	306.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10S)-10-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]decan-5-yl] benzoate	162869752	Click to see	306.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
(3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	131831648	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	162898827	Click to see CC1=C(C(C(C1)OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)CCO)CO	292.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-3-en-1-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	10590905	Click to see	308.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	162953530	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
[2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-3-en-1-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	85197254	Click to see	308.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	154496911	Click to see	742.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
Acanthoside D	442830	Click to see	742.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
Npc279481	226371	Click to see	742.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxypentan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol	101938891	Click to see	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxypentan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	101938890	Click to see	428.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3R)-3-hydroxyoctoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	101939203	Click to see CCCCCC(CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	470.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(3R)-3-hydroxyoctoxy]oxane-3,4-diol	101939202	Click to see	440.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(2S,4R)-4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2-pentanol	101938889	Click to see	266.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(4R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypentan-2-one	101938892	Click to see CC(CC(=O)C)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	264.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(R)-1-O-[b-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside]-1,3-octanediol	131751313	Click to see	470.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
(R)-1-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3-octanediol	14213498	Click to see	308.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
2-(4-Hydroxypentan-2-yloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162885223	Click to see	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxypentan-2-yloxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163050103	Click to see CC(CC(C)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	266.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxypentan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162881526	Click to see	428.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
4-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypentan-2-one	162992439	Click to see	264.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(3-hydroxyoctoxy)oxane-3,4-diol	162844550	Click to see CCCCCC(CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)OC2C(C(CO2)(CO)O)O)O	440.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctyl	38355134	Click to see CCCCCC(CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	308.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
Glc(b1-6)Glc(b1-4)1,3,5-deoxy-keto-D-groPen2ulo	101938893	Click to see CC(CC(=O)C)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	426.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
Hex(?1-6)Hex(?1-4)1,3,5-deoxy-keto-Pen2ulo	162871646	Click to see	426.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Iridoids and derivatives
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylcyclopentane-1,3-diol	10845356	Click to see	190.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid	10750613	Click to see C1C(C(C(=C1CO)C(=O)O)CCO)O	202.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid	10726198	Click to see CC1=C(C(C(C1)O)CCO)C(=O)O	186.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[(1R,2R)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl] benzoate	162904064	Click to see	276.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylcyclopentane-1,3-diol	85287769	Click to see	190.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
4-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid	85255658	Click to see	202.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
4-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid	85247235	Click to see	186.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-1,4a,5,7a-Tetrahydro-5-[(4-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside	23900070	Click to see	466.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,4aR,5R,7S,7aS)-5,7-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	21579560	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,4aR,5R,7S,7aS)-5,7-dihydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	14355407	Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	348.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[(1S,4aR,5R,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	101939152	Click to see	466.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[(1S,4aR,5R,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	14396661	Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-6-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	163012663	Click to see	482.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
[5-Hydroxy-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	3512643	Click to see	466.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	14396660	Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
2-[[5,7-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73804138	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
Agnuside	442416	Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2COC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	466.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
Ajugol	6325127	Click to see	348.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
Aucubin	91458	Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
Rhinanthin	348157	Click to see	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-[(2S,5R)-5-[(1S,3R,6S,8S,9S,11R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,14-dihydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]propan-2-yloxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162849626	Click to see CC1(C(CCC23C1C(CC4C2(C3)CCC5(C4(CC(C5C6(CCC(O6)C(C)(C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)OC9C(C(CO9)(CO)O)O)C	947.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3aR,4S,6aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10496778	Click to see	332.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3aS,4S,6aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10711472	Click to see	330.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,2S,4S,5S,8R,10S,11S)-5-hydroxy-3,7,9-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,4.05,11]dodecan-10-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162995420	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,8S,9S)-4-hydroxy-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undec-5-en-9-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162886083	Click to see	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,3S,7S,8S,9S)-3-hydroxy-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undec-5-en-9-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101938462	Click to see C1C2C=CC3C2C(OC1OC3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[6-[3,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	85276719	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[(5-hydroxy-3,7,9-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,4.05,11]dodecan-10-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	73818280	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	85160228	Click to see C1COC2C1C(C(=C2)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO	332.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	85241311	Click to see	330.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
2-[(4-Hydroxy-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undec-5-en-9-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162886082	Click to see	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
beta-D-Fructofuranosyl 6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside	10813903	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]benzoic acid	163191438	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside	12314096	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00409-3
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans
[(3aS,4S,6aR)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]methanol	10535100	Click to see	168.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
[5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]methanol	85176345	Click to see C1=COC2C1C(C(=C2)CO)CO	168.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
3-Hydroxymethylfuro[3,2-b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5,10-dione	5324542	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)OC4=C3OC=C4CO	268.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)80419-1
9-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)furo[3,2-b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5,10-dione	641262	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)OC4=C3OC=C4CO	284.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)80419-1
Kigelinone	442752	Click to see CC(C1=CC2=C(O1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O	258.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans
((3Ar,4S,6Ar)-3,3A,4,6A-Tetrahydro-2H-Cyclopenta(B)Furan-4,5-Diyl)Dimethanol	11084315	Click to see	170.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0 https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
[5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]methanol	14190908	Click to see C1COC2C1C(C(=C2)CO)CO	170.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0 https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.503189
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	85111821	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=C(C4=O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00375-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1-Benzopyrylium	128861	Click to see	287.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Malvidin	159287	Click to see	331.30	unknown	via CMAUP database

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