Avicennia germinans
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fec087ad34167030217 |
| Scientific name | Avicennia germinans |
| Authority | (L.) L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. ed. 3 , 2: 891 (1764) |
Description Top
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Summary
Avicennia germinans, commonly known as the black mangrove, is a shrub or small tree that grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and Africa. It is common in coastal areas of Texas and Florida, and ranges as far north as southern Louisiana and coastal Georgia in the United States. It reproduces by vivipary and does not grow on prop roots, but possesses pneumatophores that allow its roots to breathe even when submerged. The name "black mangrove" refers to the color of the trunk and heartwood. It is often found in its native range with the red mangrove and the white mangrove. The black mangrove grows just above the high tide in coastal areas and can reach 10-15 meters in height. The wood is strong, heavy, and hard, but is difficult to work due to its interlocked grain, and is somewhat difficult to finish due to its oily texture. It has been used for posts, pilings, charcoal, and fuel, and its bark has been used to tan leather products.
Avicennia germinans, commonly known as the black mangrove, is a shrub or small tree that grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and Africa. It is common in coastal areas of Texas and Florida, and ranges as far north as southern Louisiana and coastal Georgia in the United States. It reproduces by vivipary and does not grow on prop roots, but possesses pneumatophores that allow its roots to breathe even when submerged. The name "black mangrove" refers to the color of the trunk and heartwood. It is often found in its native range with the red mangrove and the white mangrove. The black mangrove grows just above the high tide in coastal areas and can reach 10-15 meters in height. The wood is strong, heavy, and hard, but is difficult to work due to its interlocked grain, and is somewhat difficult to finish due to its oily texture. It has been used for posts, pilings, charcoal, and fuel, and its bark has been used to tan leather products.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Avicennia africana | P.Beauv. | Fl. Oware 1: 80 (1806) |
| Avicennia elliptica | Thunb. | Pl. Bras. 3: 37 (1821) |
| Avicennia elliptica var. martii | Moldenke | Phytologia 30: 15 (1975) |
| Avicennia floridana | Raf. | Atlantic J. 1: 148 (1832) |
| Avicennia germinans f. aberrans | Moldenke | Phytologia 47: 222 (1980) |
| Avicennia germinans f. brasiliensis | Moldenke | Phytologia 47: 222 (1980) |
| Avicennia germinans var. cumanensis | (Kunth) Moldenke | Phytologia 30: 15 (1975) |
| Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis | (Kunth) Moldenke | Phytologia 29: 75 (1974) |
| Avicennia germinans f. venezuelensis | Moldenke | Phytologia 47: 222 (1980) |
| Avicennia lamarckiana | C.Presl | Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 3: 529 (1845) |
| Avicennia meyeri | Miq. | Linnaea 18: 262 (1845) |
| Avicennia nitida | Jacq. | Enum. Syst. Pl. : 25 (1760) |
| Avicennia nitida var. trinitensis | Moldenke | Phytologia 1: 96 (1934) |
| Avicennia oblongifolia | Nutt. ex Chapm. | Fl. South. U.S. : 310 (1860) |
| Avicennia officinalis var. lanceolata | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 502 (1891) |
| Avicennia officinalis var. nitida | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 502 (1891) |
| Avicennia tomentosa | Jacq. | Enum. Syst. Pl. : 25 (1760) |
| Avicennia tomentosa var. campechensis | Jacq. | Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 229 [ed. folio];284 [ed. quarto]. 1817 publ. 1818 |
| Avicennia tomentosa var. cumanensis | Kunth | Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 229 (1817) |
| Avicennia tomentosa var. guayaquilensis | Kunth | Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 230 (1817) |
| Bontia germinans | L. | Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1122. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] |
| Hilairanthus nitidus | (Jacq.) Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 358. 1898 |
| Hilairanthus tomentosus | (Jacq.) Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 358 (1898) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | black mangrove |
| Spanish | mangle negro |
| Bulgarian | брилянтна авицения |
| Czech | kolíkovník černý |
| German | schwarze mangrove |
| Japanese | アフリカヒルギダマシ |
| Japanese | ブラックマングローブ |
| Portuguese | sereíba |
| Chinese | 萌芽海榄雌 |
| Chinese | 黑海榄雌 |
| Chinese | 黑皮紅樹 |
| Chinese | 黑皮红树 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Mauritania
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Cabinda
- Cameroon
- Congo
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Zaïre
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South Tropical Africa
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Florida
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Mississippi
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Mexico
-
Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil Southeast
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Caribbean
- Aruba
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Netherlands Antilles
- Puerto Rico
- Southwest Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Turks-caicos Islands
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Western South America
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Galápagos
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000302902 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 736 |
| USDA Plants | AVGE |
| Tropicos | 33702454 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:861125-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-18443 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 582599 |
| Observations.org | 198557 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 41378 |
| Nature Serve | 2.157922 |
| IUCN Red List | 178811 |
| IPNI | 861125-1 |
| iNaturalist | 62853 |
| GBIF | 2925400 |
| Freebase | /m/0bzsxz |
| EPPO | AVINI |
| EOL | 579832 |
| Elurikkus | 335284 |
| USDA GRIN | 70116 |
| Wikipedia | Avicennia_germinans |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
| Lapachol | 3884 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=O)O)C | 242.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19132510505 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| 4-[(3aS,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol | 137705081 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00050-8 |
| Syringaresinol, (+)- | 443023 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00050-8 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (1S,4aS,7S,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 101919824 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639708043729 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| (1S,4aS,7S,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 101919823 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=CC=C4)O | 506.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| 1-[3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 163015959 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| 1-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 162998482 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=CC=C4)O | 506.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 132274946 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| Acteoside;Kusaginin;TJC160 | 354009 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
| Verbascoside | 5281800 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00750-N |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |