Pelargonium vitifolium

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644046616e319241212880
Scientific name Pelargonium vitifolium
Authority (L.) L'Hér.
First published in Hort. Kew. 2: 425 (1789)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

Write a new one!
No ethnobotanical data added yet. Help us by writing one.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
- Pelargonium vitifolium is cultivated for the ornamental horticultural market; young plants are sold as potted specimens prized for their attractively lobed leaves and mild, pleasant scent. The species is propagated by cuttings and is available through South African nurseries and international specialty growers.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- The leaves are steam‑distilled to produce a pale‑yellow essential oil that is marketed as “geranium oil.” The oil possesses a characteristic rose‑like aroma and is used by the fragrance industry in perfumes, soaps, lotions, and other personal‑care products. Analyses of the oil show a high content of citronellol, geraniol, and linalool, the same monoterpenoid profile that underlies the commercial value of related Pelargonium species.

Properties relevant to use:
- The essential oil is a complex mixture of monoterpenoids; the predominance of citronellol (a primary contributor to the floral scent) and geraniol (adds a sweet, rose‑like nuance) defines its olfactory profile. Physical characteristics are typical for geranium oils: density 0.88–0.90 g·cm⁻³ at 20 °C, refractive index 1.46–1.48, and a flash point above 70 °C, as specified in ISO 3216 for Pelargonium‑derived oils. These physicochemical properties facilitate blending with other fragrance components and ensure stability in cosmetic formulations.

Standards and regulation:
- Commercial oil of P. vitifolium conforms to the specifications of ISO 3216 (Geranium oil – specifications), which defines limits for key constituents, density, and refractive index. The product is also subject to the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) guidelines on fragrance safety and to the European Union Cosmetic Regulation (EC No 1223/2009), requiring compliance with safety assessments for use in cosmetic applications.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is native to South Africa and is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Commercial production relies on cultivated material propagated by vegetative cuttings, which reduces harvesting pressure on wild populations. Sustainable cultivation practices—including controlled propagation, integrated pest management, and traceability—are encouraged by South African horticultural organizations to maintain the resource while supporting the ornamental and essential‑oil markets.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Geraniospermum vitifolium Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 94 (1891)
Geranium vitifolium L. Sp. Pl. : 678 (1753)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Language Common/alternative name
English grapeleaf geranium

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001064064
USDA Plants PEVI8
Tropicos 13900175
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60457188-2
The Plant List tro-13900175
Open Tree Of Life 795470
NCBI Taxonomy 253086
Nature Serve 2.131688
IPNI 60457188-2
iNaturalist 78380
GBIF 2891610
Freebase /m/09k67kl
EPPO PELVI
EOL 594951
Calflora (Californian flora) 6120
USDA GRIN 427594
Wikipedia Pelargonium_vitifolium

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Phenylethyl tiglate 5357002 Click to see 204.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenyl 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enoate 3086155 Click to see 308.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Citronellyl formate 7778 Click to see 184.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octen-3-Ol 18827 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
2-Heptanol 10976 Click to see CCCCCC(C)O 116.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Heptanol 8129 Click to see 116.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-OCIMENE, (3E)- 5281553 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
beta-Ocimene, (3Z)- 5320250 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Citral 638011 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Citronellal 7794 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Citronellic acid 10402 Click to see 170.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Citronellol 8842 Click to see 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Beta-bergamotene, trans- 12300069 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Tricyclene 79035 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
alpha-PHELLANDRENE 7460 Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Beta-Phellandrene 11142 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Isopulegone 34645 Click to see CC1CCC(C(=O)C1)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)naphthalene 101708 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
3a-Methyl-6-methylidene-1-(propan-2-yl)decahydrocyclobuta(1,2-a:3,4-a')dicyclopentene 324224 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
alpha-Muurolene 12306047 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=CCC2C(C)C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
beta-Bourbonene 62566 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
beta-Copaene 57339298 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C3C1C2C(=C)CC3)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Cadina-1(10),4-diene 10223 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
delta-Cadinene 441005 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
epi-alpha-Cadinol 160799 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
gamma-Cadinene 15094 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
gamma-Cadinene 6432404 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Humulene 5281520 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Agarofurans
(1R,9R)-2,6,10,10-tetramethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec-2-ene 5316722 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
alpha-Agarofuran 10857022 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
Alloaromadendren 91746537 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids
2-[(2R,8aR)-8,8a-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol 5315163 Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)C 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
10-epi-gamma-Eudesmol 6430754 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Beta-Eudesmol 91457 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene 91723653 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
Germacrene D 5317570 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
(17-acetyl-12-acetyloxy-3,8,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl) acetate 85252331 Click to see 464.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Heptanone 8051 Click to see 114.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
2-Nonanone 13187 Click to see 142.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
2-Octanone 8093 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
Rose oxide 27866 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083
trans-Rose oxide 7093102 Click to see CC1CCOC(C1)C=C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698083

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections 0
In public collections 0
You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.