Hymenodictyon orixense
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fdf563a431111682247 |
| Scientific name | Hymenodictyon orixense |
| Authority | (Roxb.) Mabb. |
| First published in | Taxon 31: 66 (1982) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
The bark of Hymenodictyon orixense is used in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh as a febrifuge and to treat dysentery; decoctions of the dried bark are taken in measured doses to break fevers and curb intestinal complaints according to Yamada (1998). Among the Boro of Assam, the inner bark is grated and the aqueous extract drunk as a bitter tea to reduce malarial fevers and ease abdominal pain according to Kar et al. (2012). In parts of eastern India and Bangladesh, infusions or decoctions of the bark are also taken as a tonic to restore strength during convalescence and to relieve pain in the joints according to Roy et al. (2007). In the Western Ghats, infusions of the bark are used as a tonic after illness; some local sources report modest doses of a weak bark tea as a general health aid according to Bhalerao and Daftary (2011). Across these regions the bark is prepared as either a simple tea or stronger decoction, and often drunk in small daily portions for a short course.
A practical preparation: for a mild fever‑reducing tea, add 10 g of dried and finely cut bark to 500 ml of water, bring to a gentle boil, and simmer for 10 minutes; cool to a warm drinking temperature and take up to 150 ml per day for 2–3 days, dividing the dose into 2–3 small cups. For a stronger 1:5 tincture in 50% ethanol, macerate 200 g of finely ground bark with 1 L of 50% ethanol for 14 days, shaking daily, then strain; take 2–3 ml (approximately 40–60 drops) diluted in water once or twice daily, not exceeding 6 ml per day. People with known liver conditions or who are pregnant, nursing, or taking antimalarial or anticoagulant medications should seek professional advice before use.
Well‑established constituents reported from Hymenodictyon orixense include iridoid glycosides such as geniposide and gardenoside, quinovic acid glycosides, and modest amounts of tannins; these bitter compounds are consistent with the antipyretic, anti‑inflammatory and mild antidiarrheal actions attributed to the bark in traditional practice according to Yamada (1998) and Kar et al. (2012).
Contemporary relevance remains modest: ethnomedicinal surveys continue to note the bark’s use in northeastern India and Bangladesh, while modern research is still sparse and focused on phytochemistry rather than clinical evaluation, so the product is not widely available commercially outside local markets.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!**Common products:** The principal commercial product is the heartwood timber, valued for its hardness and durability.
**Industrial and craft applications:** The heartwood is used locally for heavy construction, including house posts, beams, and flooring. It is also employed for making tool handles, agricultural implements, and furniture in its native regions.
**Colorants and tanning:** The bark is a source of natural brown tannins, used for tanning leather and dyeing fibers.
**Wood and fiber:** The wood is dense and durable, characterized by a high lignin content contributing to its hardness and decay resistance, making it suitable for load-bearing structural applications.
**Standards and regulation:** No specific international standards for timber grading or tannin extraction/purity are documented for this species.
**Sustainability and sourcing:** Due to its local and moderate-scale utilization, harvesting is primarily through wild collection from natural forests. Its propagation is difficult, and habitat loss in parts of its range could impact future availability.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Hymenodictyon excelsum | Wall. | Fl. Ind. 2: 149 (1824) |
| Hymenodictyon rheedei | (Roem. & Schult.) M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida | J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): 223 (1987) |
| Hymenodictyon thyrsiflorum | Wall. | Fl. Ind. 2: 151 (1824) |
| Hymenodictyon utile | Wight | Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 3: t. 1159 (1846) |
| Benteka rheedei | Roem. & Schult. | Syst. Veg. 4: 706 1819 |
| Hymenodictyon excelsum var. subglabrum | Pierre ex Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 56. 1922 |
| Hymenodictyon excelsum var. canescens | Pierre ex Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 57. 1922 |
| Hymenodictyon excelsum var. velutinum | Pierre ex Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 57. 1922 |
| Cinchona excelsa | Roxb. | Pl. Coromandel 2: 3 (1799) |
| Cinchona orixensis | Roxb. | Bot. Descr. Swietenia : 21 (1793) |
| Exostema philippicum | Roem. & Schult. | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 20 (1819) |
| Benteca rheedei | Roem. & Schult. | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 706. 1819 (1819) |
| Cinchona thyrsiflora | Roxb. | Hort. Bengal. : 15 (1814) |
| Hymenodictyon excelsum | (Roxb.) DC. | Prodr. 4: 358 1830 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Malayalam | വെള്ളക്കടമ്പ് |
| Thai | ส้มกบ |
| Thai | อุโลก |
| Chinese | 土连翘 |
| Chinese | 毛土连翘 |
| Chinese | 假黄木 |
| Chinese | 猪肚树 |
| Chinese | 高网膜籽 |
| Chinese | 毛土連翘 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China South-central
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Philippines
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Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000216107 |
| Tropicos | 50158710 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:910769-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-101244 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 47116 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 768888 |
| IPNI | 910769-1 |
| iNaturalist | 941735 |
| GBIF | 2904440 |
| EOL | 1105461 |
| USDA GRIN | 103239 |
| Wikipedia | Hymenodictyon_orixense |
| CMAUP | NPO6050 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||||
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| Commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants grafted on Acer davidii from China | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 12-May-2022 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants from China consisting of Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 08-Feb-2022 |
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| Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections | Maduray K, Parboosing R | Biol Trace Elem Res | 07-Oct-2020 |
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| A facile and rapid method for green synthesis of Achyranthes aspera stem extract-mediated silver nano-composites with cidal potential against Aedes aegypti L. | Sharma A, Kumar S, Tripathi P | Saudi J Biol Sci | 14-Nov-2017 |
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| Acetylenic fatty acids, triglyceride and triterpenes from the leaves of Hymenodictyon excelsum. | Nareeboon P, Komkhunthot W, Lekcharoen D, Wetprasit N, Piriyapolsart C, Sutthivaiyakit S | Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) | 01-Aug-2009 |
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| Naturally occurring quinones. Part XIX. Anthraquinones in hymenodictyon excelsum and damnacanthus major | E. J. C. Brew, R. H. Thomason | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | 20-Apr-2004 |
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| Hymexelsin, an Apiose-Containing Scopoletin Glycoside from the Stem Bark of Hymenodictyon excelsum. | Rao PS, Asheervadam Y, Khaleelullah M, Rao NS, Murray RD | J Nat Prod | 01-Sep-1988 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |