Gentiana manshurica
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401da7f3d72403646496 |
| Scientific name | Gentiana manshurica |
| Authority | Kitag. |
| First published in | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 103 (1934) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Scientific uses:
Gentiana manshurica is employed as a source of genetic material for genomics research. The complete chloroplast genome of the species has been sequenced and deposited in GenBank and in the NCBI Reference Sequence database (RefSeq). The chloroplast genome is 157,117 bp in length, with a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large single‑copy region (LSC), a small single‑copy region (SSC) and a pair of inverted repeats (IR). It contains 78 protein‑coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes, and has an overall GC content of 37.5 %. These features make the genome suitable for phylogenomic studies, population genetics, and comparative analyses within the Gentianaceae family.
In addition to the chloroplast genome, transcriptome sequencing (RNA‑seq) of G. manshurica has been performed and the resulting short‑read data are stored in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). The transcriptome provides a resource for identifying genes involved in the biosynthesis of bitter secoiridoid glycosides such as gentiopicroside and amarogentin, and for studying gene expression during flower development. The sequence data are accessible through public databases and can be used for functional annotation, gene mining, and metabolic pathway reconstruction.
The species thus functions as a non‑model organism that supplies genomic and transcriptomic resources to the broader plant‑biology community. While it is not a standard laboratory model, the availability of its reference sequences makes it useful for comparative genomics, systematics, and research on secondary‑metabolite biosynthesis.
Properties relevant to use:
- Chloroplast genome size: ~157 kb.
- Gene complement: 113 genes (78 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, 4 rRNA).
- GC content: ~37.5 % (typical of angiosperm chloroplasts).
- Presence of typical angiosperm chloroplast architecture (LSC/SSC/IR) that facilitates primer design for universal chloroplast markers.
- Transcriptome data: >30 M raw reads (average length 150 bp) enabling high‑coverage gene expression profiling.
- Absence of large intronic expansions or unusual repeat motifs, simplifying genome assembly and annotation.
These characteristics enable straightforward extraction of universal barcoding loci (e.g., rbcL, matK) and support downstream computational analyses such as phylogenetic reconstruction and comparative chloroplast evolution.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Gentiana scabra f. levis | Pamp. | Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 17: 693 1910 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Japanese | マンシュウリンドウ |
| Chinese | 龙胆草 |
| Chinese | 秦艽 |
| Chinese | 条叶龙胆 |
| Chinese | 东北龙胆 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
- Inner Mongolia
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Taiwan
-
Russian Far East
- Primorye
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000697972 |
| UNII | EZ2YV7214M |
| Tropicos | 13802511 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:368483-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2820919 |
| PFAF | Gentiana manshurica |
| Open Tree Of Life | 162248 |
| Observations.org | 329467 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 683755 |
| IPNI | 368483-1 |
| GBIF | 3841132 |
| EOL | 2892537 |
| Elurikkus | 422912 |
| USDA GRIN | 403682 |
| CMAUP | NPO20836 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenols | |||||
| 1H,3H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one,5-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-6-[[2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbonyl]-b-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-,(4aS,5R,6S)- | 53398673 | Click to see | 586.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives | |||||
| Amaroswerin | 45359883 | Click to see | 602.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids | |||||
| 2,5-Dihydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-8-one | 90474530 | Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)O2)O | 152.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Loganic Acid | 89640 | Click to see | 376.36 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Loganicacid | 45358135 | Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 376.36 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,16S,17R)-17-[(2S,3S,6R)-3,7-dihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-12,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 71568709 | Click to see | 448.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides | |||||
| (8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,16S,17R)-12,16-dihydroxy-17-[(2S,3S,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 71568834 | Click to see CC(CCC(C(C)C1C(CC2C1(C(CC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)O)C)O)O)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O | 610.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins | |||||
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-11-ene-6,2'-oxane]-10-one | 10373893 | Click to see | 1063.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-11-ene-6,2'-oxane]-10-one | 10011422 | Click to see | 1093.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-11-ene-6,2'-oxane]-10-one | 9988988 | Click to see | 1239.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,13S,16S,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-11-ene-6,2'-oxane]-10-one | 10034055 | Click to see | 1047.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 71717083 | Click to see | 903.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 71568835 | Click to see | 903.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 11607358 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CC(C(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 740.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 101932450 | Click to see | 1081.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(25R)-5alpha-Spirostan-3beta-yl]2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 101992949 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 887.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| F-Gitonin | 44559009 | Click to see | 1051.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hecogenintetraglucoside | 10260521 | Click to see | 1049.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (5R-trans)-5,6-Dihydro-6-((2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5-vinyl-1H,3H-pyrano(3,4-c)pyran-1-one | 114428 | Click to see | 524.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Trifloroside | 101688128 | Click to see | 782.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| (-)-Sweroside | 161036 | Click to see | 358.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4R,4aS)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one | 101377073 | Click to see | 480.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gentiopicroside | 88708 | Click to see | 356.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Iridiod monoterpenoid | 12443156 | Click to see | 374.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Swertiamarin | 442435 | Click to see | 374.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| Gentiotrifloroside | 21574478 | Click to see | 656.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones | |||||
| (4S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3,8-dione | 11052961 | Click to see | 212.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| Ellagic Acid | 5281855 | Click to see | 302.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |