Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical uses of Centaurium erythraea are recorded in several regions. Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, a “bitter tea” of the aerial parts is taken as a tonic and digestive bitter (Bennett et al., 2021). In Egypt, folk practice records infusions of the herb as a bitter tonic and a cold maceration of the herb for liver and gastric complaints (Boulos, 1983). In Turkish traditional medicine, a tea of the aerial parts is used for stomach ache, appetite loss, and as a bitter tonic; it is also valued for its fine, aromatic flavor (Baytop, 1994; Tuzlacı and Tolon, 2000). A concise recipe for a mild bitter tea is simple and reproducible: combine 1–2 teaspoons (about 1–2 g) of dried aerial parts with about 200 mL of freshly boiled water, steep 10–15 minutes, strain, and drink a small cup 2–3 times daily. The bitterness increases with longer steeping or a higher dose. Safety notes: because it is a potent bitter, some people may experience stomach irritation or heartburn; prolonged high‑dose use is not recommended and use during pregnancy is best avoided (EMA, 2016). Many traditional practices rely on a 1:5 w/v ethanol tincture, macerating dried aerial parts in 45% ethanol for 2–4 weeks, pressing and filtering; a typical dose is 2–5 mL per day, usually diluted in water. As with any bitter tonic, not advised for anyone sensitive to the plant or during pregnancy unless supervised by a qualified practitioner.

Well‑established constituents that plausibly account for the bitter activity are the iridoid glycosides swertiamarin and gentiopicrin (gentiopicroside), plus characteristic xanthones such as bellidifolin, swertisin, and swertiside. These bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and appetite and have been documented for C. erythraea in multiple phytochemical surveys and pharmacognosy references. Swertiamarin is typically the most abundant bitter iridoid in Centaurium species and has been investigated experimentally for choleretic effects and digestive support, while gentiopicrin contributes to the overall bitter profile. Modern relevance is active: extracts and standardized products are commercially available in European herbal markets and continue to be used as digestive bitters. Contemporary research is exploring their mechanisms of action on bile flow and gastric motility, and clinical trials on standardized iridoid/xanthone extracts are underway in Europe to quantify appetite‑stimulating and digestive outcomes.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
None established.

Industrial and craft applications:
None established.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None established.

Colorants and tanning:
None established.

Wood and fiber:
None established.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
None established.

Properties relevant to use:
None established.

Standards and regulation:
None established.

Sustainability and sourcing:
None established.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Libadion variabile	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 1: 540 (1897)
Xolemia palustris	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 3: 22 (1837)
Centaurella dichotoma	Delarbre	Fl. Auvergne , ed. 2: 29 (1800)
Centaurium capitatum	Borbás	Magyar Bot. Lapok 2: 267 (1903)
Centaurium centaurium	W.Wight	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 449. 1906
Centaurium corymbosum	Druce	Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum	(Ronniger ex Fritsch) Kožuharov & Petrova	Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 391. 1982
Centaurium erythraea var. capitatum	(Willd.) Melderis	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 232 (1972)
Centaurium erythraea var. fasciculare	(Duby) Ubsdell	Watsonia 11: 23 (1976)
Centaurium erythraea var. laxum	(Boiss.) P.Mouterde ex Charpin & Greuter	Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 3(1): 27 (1978)
Centaurium erythraea var. masclansii	O.Bolòs & Vigo	Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 90 (1983)
Centaurium erythraea var. subcapitatum	(Corb.) Ubsdell	Watsonia 11: 23 (1976)
Centaurium erythraea var. sublitorale	(Wheldon & C.E.Salmon) Ubsdell	Watsonia 11: 24 (1976)
Centaurium latifolium	Druce	Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905: 48 (1905)
Centaurium lomae	Druce	Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
Centaurium minus	Garsault	Trait? des Plantes et Animaux 2 1767
Centaurium minus	Moench	Methodus : 449 (1794)
Centaurium minus var. austriacum	(Ronniger) Soó	Feddes Repert. 85: 438 (1974)
Centaurium minus var. transiens	(Wittr.) Soó	Feddes Repert. 85: 439 (1974)
Centaurium umbellatum	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 35. 1782
Centaurium umbellatum f. album	Sigunov	Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, C 10: 23. 1977
Centaurium umbellatum subsp. austriacum	Ronniger ex Fritsch	Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 316 1916
Centaurium vulgare	Rafn	Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 73 (1800)
Chironia centaurium	Schmidt	Fl. Boëm. 2: 31 (1793 publ. 1794)
Chironia centaurium var. fascicularis	Duby	Bot. Gall. , ed. 2, 1: 328 (1828)
Chironia erythraea	Schousb.	Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko : 195 (1800)
Erythraea capitata	Willd.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 168 (1819)
Erythraea centaurium	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 1: 283 (1805)
Erythraea centaurium f. itatiaiaensis	Dusén	Ark. Bot. 9, no. 5: 13, pl. 1. 1910
Erythraea centaurium var. sublitoralis	Wheldon & Salmon	J. Bot. 63: 346 1925
Erythraea corymbosa	Dulac	Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 453 (1867)
Erythraea germanica	Hoffmanns. & Link	Fl. Portug. 1: 351 (1813)
Erythraea latifolia	Sm.	Engl. Fl. 1: 322 (1824)
Erythraea lomae	Gilg	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 34 (1906)
Erythraea shuttleworthiana	Rouy	in Le Naturaliste 1891, Ser. II. Ann. 13, v. 11, in adnot.
Erythraea vulgaris	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 337.
Gentiana centaurium	L.	Sp. Pl. : 229 (1753)
Gentiana gerardii	F.W.Schmidt	Samml. Phys. Aufsätze Böhm. Naturgesch. 1: 192 (1791)
Gentiana palustris	Lam.	Tabl. Encycl. i. 486.
Gonipia linearis	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 3: 24. 1837 [1836 publ. Nov-Dec 1837]
Hippocentaurea centaurium	Schult.	Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 388 (1814)
Erythraea centaurium var. transiens	Wittr.	Bot. Not. 1899: 276 1899
Erythraea centaurium var. subcapitata	Corb.	Nouv. Fl. Normandie 392 1893
Erythraea centaurium var. laxa	Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 4: 68 1875
Erythraea centaurium var. acutiflora	Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 4: 68 1875
Erythraea centaurium var. grandiflora	Griseb.	Gen. Sp. Gent. 140 1839
Centaurium minus subsp. austriacum	(Ronniger) O.Schwarz	Feddes Repert. 85(7–8): 438 1974
Erythraea centaurium	Borkh.	Arch. Bot. [Leipzig] 1(1): 30. 1796
Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum	(Ronniger ex Fritsch) Kožuharov & Petrova	also published by J. Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 205 (1983):. 1982
Centaurium umbellatum var. fasciculare	(Duby) Gilmour	Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1837: 497 (1837)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	centaury
English	common centaury
English	drug centaury
English	european centaury
Spanish	gota de sangre
Spanish	aciano
Spanish	hierba pedorrera
Spanish	escobilla
Spanish	amargosa
Spanish	centaura
Spanish	centaura menor
Spanish	centaura menor roja
Spanish	centaurea menor
Spanish	centáurea menor
Spanish	cintoria
Spanish	cintoria de oro
Spanish	eritrea
Spanish	genciana blanca
Spanish	hiel de la tierra
Spanish	hiel de tierra
Spanish	hiel del campo
Spanish	hierba amargosa
Spanish	hierba de guirón
Spanish	hierba de la liebre
Spanish	lapicocho
Spanish	sanginaria
Spanish	santaura
Spanish	siete sangrías
Spanish	yel de la tierra
Spanish	yerba amargosa
Spanish	yerba margosa
Spanish	erythraea centaurium sensu
Spanish	erythraea divaricata
Spanish	erythraea grandiflora
Spanish	hierba de guiron
Arabic	قنطريوم إريتري
Azerbaijani	kiçik qızılçətir
ba	Һарыгүҙ
Belarusian	Сардэчнік
Belarusian	Тысячнік
Belarusian	Цвінтарэй малы
Belarusian	Цэнтаўрыя
Belarusian	Цвінтарэй звычайны
Bulgarian	червен кантарион
Catalan	herba de santa margarida
Czech	zeměžluč hořká
Czech	zeměžluč okolíkatá
Welsh	y ganrhi goch
Welsh	camri'r coed
Welsh	ysgol fair
Danish	mark-tusindgylden
German	echtes tausendguldenkraut
German	echtes tausendgüldenkraut
German	gemeines tausendgüldenkraut
Esperanto	eritreo
Estonian	harilik maasapp
Basque	belarmin
Persian	قنطوریون صغیر
Finnish	rohtosappi
French	Érythrée
French	erythrée petite centaurée
French	herbe à chiron
French	petite-centaurée
French	petite-centaurée commune
French	petite-centaurée rouge
French	petite centaurée
Irish	dréimire muire
Hebrew	ערבז סוככני
Croatian	kičica
Upper Sorbian	prawa wjelezłotowka
Hungarian	kis ezerjófű
Armenian	Դառնալեղի էրիտրեա
Italian	centaurea minore
Japanese	ケンタウリウム・エリサラエア
Japanese	ケンタウリウム・エリスラエア
Japanese	ケンタウリウム・エリトラエア
Japanese	センタウリー
Japanese	センタウリウムソウ
Japanese	ベニバナセンブリ
Georgian	ასისთავა
Kabyle	Ɣlilu
Kazakh	Шатырша толғақшөп
Korean	센토리
Cornish	skeul varia
Lithuanian	skėtinė širdažolė
Latvian	Čemuru augstiņš
Macedonian	Црвен кантарион
Malayalam	കോമൺ സെഞ്ച്വറി
Malayalam	യൂറോപ്യൻ സെഞ്ചൂറി
Malayalam	സെന്റോറിയം എറിത്രിയ
Norwegian Bokmål	skjermgylden
Dutch	echt duizendguldenkruid
os	Аууондархуыз
Polish	centuria pospolita
Polish	centuria zwyczajna
Polish	tysiącznik
Polish	tysiącznik pospolity
Romanian	Ţintaură
Romanian	Țintaură
Romanian	fierea pământului
Romanian	fierea pămîntului
Russian	Золототысячник обыкновенный
Russian	золототысячник зонтичный
Russian	золототысячник малый
Samogitian	Šėrdažuolė
Serbo-Croatian	crveni kantarion
Serbo-Croatian	grozničavče
Serbo-Croatian	kičica
Slovak	zemežlč menšia
Slovenian	navadna tavžentroža
Slovenian	tavžentroža
Serbian	Кичица
Swedish	flockarun
Ukrainian	Центурія
Ukrainian	Золототисячник малий
Ukrainian	Сардушник
Ukrainian	Семисильник
Chinese	日本鬼燈檠
Chinese	日本鬼灯檠
Chinese	红色百金花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Centaurium erythraea subsp. apertum	(H.Lindb.) Greuter	Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. bernardii	(Maire & Sauvage) Greuter	Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. enclusense	(O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo	Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 89 (1983)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. grandiflorum	(Pers.) Melderis	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 234 (1972)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. limoniiforme	(Greuter) Greuter	Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. majus	(Hoffmanns. & Link) M.Laínz	Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 7: 18 (1971)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. rumelicum	(Velen.) Melderis	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 232 (1972)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. suffruticosum	(Griseb.) Greuter	Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. turcicum	(Velen.) Melderis	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 232 (1972)
Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea		Unknown
Centaurium erythraea subsp. rhodense	(Boiss. & Reut.) Melderis	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 234 (1972)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Réunion

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Siberia
  - Altay
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Indiana
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Georgia
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Jamaica
- Central America
  - Costa Rica
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South
- Western South America
  - Ecuador
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000593916
UNII	T0N9DND3W1
Canadensys	5985
USDA Plants	CEER5
Tropicos	13800005
INPN	89840
Flora of Italy	3998
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326619-2
The Plant List	kew-2708639
PFAF	Centaurium erythraea
Open Tree Of Life	732976
Observations.org	6570
NCBI Taxonomy	172057
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000457033
Nature Serve	2.155870
IUCN Red List	202950
IPNI	326619-2
iNaturalist	56236
GBIF	5414457
Freebase	/m/03g_g0b
EPPO	CTIER
EOL	582596
Elurikkus	3544
Calflora (Californian flora)	1858
USDA GRIN	320036
Wikipedia	Centaurium_erythraea

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_965637405.1	daCenEryt1.hap1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2025-07-09	70	846.15 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Light-Emitting Diodes and Liquid System Affect the Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivative and Flavonoid Production and Shoot Growth of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin

Skała E, Olszewska MA, Tabaka P, Kicel A

Molecules

05-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085107
doi:	10.3390/molecules29092145
PMID:	38731636

Evaluation of the Productivity and Potential Utilization of Artemisia dubia Plant Biomass for Energy Conversion

Jasinskas A, Šiaudinis G, Karčauskienė D, Bielska RM, Marks M, Bielski S, Mieldažys R, Romaneckas K, Šarauskis E

Plants (Basel)

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055015
doi:	10.3390/plants13081158
PMID:	38674570

The Greuter Herbarium in Palermo: An Inventory of Its Type Specimens Available Online, with Some Thoughts on Type Terminology (Occasional Papers from the Herbarium Greuter, N° 5)

Greuter W

Plants (Basel)

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053905
doi:	10.3390/plants13081086
PMID:	38674494

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B

J Ethnopharmacol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC7615571
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:	38128894

Overview of Ethnobotanical–Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential

Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR

Pharmaceutics

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054966
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454
PMID:	38675115

Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Manghwar H, Zaman W

Life (Basel)

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10971520
doi:	10.3390/life14030372
PMID:	38541697

Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy)

Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10936038
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:	38475780

Xanthine oxidase inhibition study of isolated secondary metabolites from Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae): In vitro and in silico approach

Nguyen DK, Liu TW, Hsu SJ, Huynh QD, Thi Duong TL, Chu MH, Wang YH, Vo TH, Lee CK

Saudi Pharm J

05-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10909772
doi:	10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101980
PMID:	38439949

Spasmolytic Activity of Gentiana lutea L. Root Extracts on the Rat Ileum: Underlying Mechanisms of Action

Kitić N, Živković J, Šavikin K, Randjelović M, Jovanović M, Kitić D, Miladinović B, Milutinović M, Stojiljković N, Branković S

Plants (Basel)

04-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857127
doi:	10.3390/plants13030453
PMID:	38337986

Cytokinin deficiency confers enhanced tolerance to mild, but decreased tolerance to severe salinity stress in in vitro grown potato

Raspor M, Mrvaljević M, Savić J, Ćosić T, Kaleri AR, Pokimica N, Cingel A, Ghalawnji N, Motyka V, Ninković S

Front Plant Sci

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10867153
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1296520
PMID:	38362121

Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans)

Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10782642
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:	38200599

Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activities of Maize and Clover Pollen Grains Extracts: A Comparative Study with Phytochemical Characterizations

Barnawi H, Qanash H, Aldarhami A, Alsaif G, Alharbi B, Almashjary MN, Almotiri A, Bazaid AS

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10747423
doi:	10.3390/ph16121731
PMID:	38139857

Assessing the diet and seed dispersal ability of non‐native sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in native ecosystems of south‐eastern Australia

Quin MJ, Morgan JW, Murphy NP

Ecol Evol

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10682569
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10711
PMID:	38034333

Design of Experiments for Optimizing Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Sources

Anaya-Esparza LM, Aurora-Vigo EF, Villagrán Z, Rodríguez-Lafitte E, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, Solano-Cornejo MÁ, Zamora-Gasga VM, Montalvo-González E, Gómez-Rodríguez H, Aceves-Aldrete CE, González-Silva N

Molecules

24-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10707804
doi:	10.3390/molecules28237752
PMID:	38067479

Antioxidant, hepatoprotective & nephroprotective potential of a novel synthetic compound 2′, 3′-dihydroxybenzylidene in paracetamol intoxicated rats

Attaullah M, Ullah A, Hussain M, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Ali EA, Rahman AU, Jan A

Heliyon

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10709503
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22676
PMID:	38076096

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
Dihydrocornin	14193887	Click to see	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	163069311	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
(4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate	345510	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
(4aS,6aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,10S,12aS,14bR)-10-acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	163013837	Click to see	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
[(3S,4aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate	162928471	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
10-Acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	619165	Click to see	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
beta-Amyrenol	225689	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91319-0 https://doi.org/10.21135/893275471.012
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(-)-Sweroside	161036	Click to see	358.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004857
(3S,4R,4aS)-4-ethenyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one	354447	Click to see	358.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004857
(5r,6s)-5-Ethenyl-4a-hydroxy-6-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[5,4-c]pyran-1-one	114700	Click to see	374.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969048
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-acetyloxy-2-[[(3R,4R,4aR)-4-ethenyl-8-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3-hydroxybenzoate	163050751	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1OC(=O)C2=CC(=CC=C2)O)OC3C(C4CCOC(=O)C4=CO3)C=C)CO)O	520.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.96.6_683
Centapicrin	6453770	Click to see	520.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.96.6_683
Gentiopicroside	88708	Click to see	356.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00319-2
Swertiamarin	442435	Click to see	374.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969048 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004857 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-34927
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
1,2,3-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one	15379040	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O	274.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575194
1,4-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one	23262985	Click to see	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574812
9H-Xanthen-9-one, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxy-	5488734	Click to see	334.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577215
Decussatin	5378284	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50044A037 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-34927 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0109571
Demethyleustomin	5487631	Click to see	348.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-34927 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957973 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579984 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0109571
Eustomin	5490842	Click to see	362.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50044A037 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957973 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0109571
Swerchirin	5281660	Click to see	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50044A037 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-34927
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid	445858	Click to see	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001145S
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001145S
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001145S

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Centaurium erythraea

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