Betula papyrifera
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff0f083cb2421078478 |
| Scientific name | Betula papyrifera |
| Authority | Marshall |
| First published in | Arbust. Amer. : 19 (1785) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Kwakwaka’wakw of coastal British Columbia, infusions of birch twigs and leaves were taken as a general remedy and for fevers and coughs, and fresh inner bark was applied to cuts as a poultice (Turner, 1997). In the Upper Great Lakes, the Menominee prepared leaf infusions for colds and general health, and the Ojibwe used infusions of bark for fevers and kidney pain, applying the bark poultice to swelling (Moerman, 1998; Marles et al., 2000). In northeastern woodlands, Mi’kmaq and Maliseet communities infused birch bark to treat digestive complaints and respiratory illness, while the Eastern Algonquians used inner-bark poultices on wounds (Speck, 1935). Folk herbal traditions of New England and Ontario also record birch bark and twig teas taken for digestive, urinary, and respiratory complaints (Miller & Parson, 2010; Sroka, 2013).
A practical preparation is a birch leaf infusion. Use about 2 to 3 grams of dried leaves per cup of water. Bring water to a simmer, pour over the leaves, cover, and steep for 10 to 15 minutes; strain. Adults may drink 1 to 2 cups per day for up to two weeks. Do not use birch if you are allergic to birch pollen or if you are taking blood‑thinning or diuretic medications; birch contains salicylates similar to willow and may increase bleeding risk. People who are pregnant or nursing, have kidney impairment, or are sensitive to aspirin should avoid birch preparations.
Well‑established constituents in Betula papyrifera include terpenes and triterpenes (betulinic and betulinic acids) in the bark, flavonoids and phenolic acids in the leaves, and essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes (Kiviranta et al., 1989; Kanko et al., 1999). These phytochemicals plausibly support the traditional anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial, astringent, and diuretic activities observed in infusions, decoctions, and poultices.
Today, birch leaf extracts are available in modern herbal products in North America, and researchers are exploring birch triterpenes for anti‑inflammatory, antiviral, and wound‑healing properties while communities continue traditional birch teas, decoctions, and poultices (Moerman, 1998; Turner, 1997).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Pulp for printing and writing papers; specialty papers (bark paper).
- Veneer, plywood, and sawn lumber for furniture, cabinets, and millwork.
- Birch bark for craft items and protective sheathing.
- Fuelwood and charcoal.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Birch bark fiber is used in insulation and fiberboard. The bark’s high resin content imparts water resistance and durability, making it suitable for craft items and sheathing.
- Wood is employed in matches, tongue depressors, ice cream sticks, and similar small turned or molded products.
- Bark is used to manufacture birch bark paper for decorative purposes.
Colorants and tanning:
- Bark tannins are used in the leather industry as a source of vegetable tannins. Dye extraction and mordanting techniques are standardized; results are typically brown shades on protein fibers.
Wood and fiber:
- Wood is light-colored with fine, diffuse-porous grain; specific gravity approximately 0.55–0.60. It machines and finishes well.
- Wood yields pale kraft pulp suitable for high-quality printing papers.
- Bark contains resins/lignans that facilitate sheet formation and impart water resistance in bark-based products.
Properties relevant to use:
- Bark: high resin content, water resistance, durability in wet conditions, natural separation into sheets, and resilience to mechanical stress.
- Wood: low to moderate shrinkage and warping, stable dimensions after seasoning, uniform grain and texture, good response to machining and finishing.
Scientific/model-organism use:
- Species is used in ecophysiological and genetics research, including studies of cold adaptation, phenology, and breeding improvement in birch.
- Specimens and seeds serve as reference material for forestry research stations and herbarium databases.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Betula alba var. commutata | Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 401 (1865) |
| Betula alba subsp. excelsa | (Aiton) Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 405. 1865 (1865) |
| Betula alba var. papyrifera | (Marshall) Spach | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 15: 188 (1841) |
| Betula davurica var. americana | Regel | Prodr. 16(2): 175 (1868) |
| Betula excelsa | L. ex B.D.Jacks. | Index Linn. Herb. 44 1912), nomen. |
| Betula grandis | Schrad. | Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1833: 2 (1833) |
| Betula kenaica | W.H.Evans | Bot. Gaz. 27: 481 (1899) |
| Betula latifolia | Tausch | Flora 21: 751 (1838) |
| Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana | Koehne | Handb. Laubholzben. 55 1903 |
| Betula montanensis | B.T.Butler | Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 438 (1909) |
| Betula neoalaskana var. kenaica | (W.H.Evans) B.Boivin | Naturaliste Canad. 94: 230 (1967) |
| Betula papyracea | Aiton | Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789) |
| Betula papyrifera var. commutata | (Regel) Fernald | Rhodora 47: 312 (1945) |
| Betula papyrifera subsp. commutata | (Regel) A.E.Murray | Kalmia 12: 18 (1982) |
| Betula papyrifera var. elobata | Sarg. | J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919) |
| Betula papyrifera var. kenaica | A.Henry in Elwes & A.Henry | Trees Great Britain 4: 984 (1909) |
| Betula papyrifera subsp. kenaica | (W.H.Evans) A.E.Murray | Kalmia 12: 18 (1982) |
| Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya | Fernald | Rhodora 47: 318 (1945) |
| Betula papyrifera var. pensilis | Fernald | Rhodora 47: 318 (1945) |
| Betula papyrifera var. subcordata | Sarg. | J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919) |
| Betula papyrifera subsp. subcordata | (B.T.Butler) A.E.Murray | Kalmia 12: 18 (1982) |
| Betula pirifolia | hort. ex K.Koch | Dendrologie 2(2): 646 (1873) |
| Betula subcordata | B.T.Butler | Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 436 (1909) |
| Betula alba var. elobata | Fernald | Rhodora 15: 169 (1913) |
| Betula alba subsp. papyrifera | (Marshall) Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 401 (1865) |
| Betula kamtschatica var. kenaica | (W.H.Evans) C.-A.Jansson | Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 137 (1962) |
| Betula lenta var. papyrifera | (Marshall) Castigl. | Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 207 (1790) |
| Betula papyracea var. grandis | (Schrad.) Schelle | Handb. Laubholzben. 55. 1903 |
| Betula papyrifera var. andrewsii | Daniels | Fl. Boulder Colorado : 101 (1911) |
| Betula papyrifera var. communis | Regel | Handb. Laubholzben. 1: 115 (1904) |
| Betula papyrifera f. coriacea | Fernald & Wiegand | Rhodora 25: 209 (1923) |
| Betula papyrifera f. elobata | (Fernald) B.Boivin | Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967) |
| Betula papyrifera f. longipes | Fernald | Rhodora 47: 319 (1945) |
| Betula papyrifera var. montanensis | Sarg. | J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 64 (1919) |
| Betula papyrifera f. nana | B.Boivin | Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967) |
| Betula papyrifera var. recessa | Lepage | Naturaliste Canad. 89: 115 (1962) |
| Betula alba subsp. latifolia | (Tausch) Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 399. 1865 (1865) |
| Betula lyalliana | (Koehne) Bean | Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 258. 1914 (1914) |
| Betula papyracea var. communis | (Regel) Schelle | Handb. Laubholzben. 55 1903 |
| Betula papyracea var. lyalliana | (Koehne) Schelle | Handb. Laubholzben. 55 1903 |
| Betula alba var. communis | Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 401 (1865) |
| Betula excelsa | Aiton | Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | canoe birch |
| English | white birch |
| English | silver birch |
| English | paper birch |
| Spanish | betula alba subsp. papyrifera |
| Spanish | betula alba var. papyrifera |
| Spanish | betula lenta var. papyrifera |
| Spanish | betula alba var. communis |
| Spanish | paper birch |
| Spanish | canoe birch |
| Spanish | american white birch |
| Spanish | abedul papirifero |
| Spanish | abedul de los cánoes |
| Spanish | abedul papirífero |
| Spanish | abedul de los canoes |
| Arabic | سندر |
| atj | wikwasatikw |
| Belarusian | Бяроза папяровая |
| Czech | bříza papírovitá |
| German | papier-birke |
| German | papierbirke |
| German | kanubirke |
| German | kanu-birke |
| German | amerikanische weißbirke |
| German | amerikanische weiß-birke |
| German | betula papyracea |
| Esperanto | papera betulo |
| Estonian | paberikask |
| Persian | توس کاغذی |
| Finnish | paperikoivu |
| French | bouleau á papier |
| French | bouleau blanc |
| French | bouleau à canot |
| French | bouleau à papier |
| Irish | beith gheal |
| Hebrew | שדר הנייר |
| Hungarian | papírnyír |
| Armenian | Կեչի թղթյա |
| Icelandic | næfurbjörk |
| Japanese | アメリカシラカンバ |
| Lithuanian | popieržievis beržas |
| Latvian | papīrbērzs |
| Norwegian Bokmål | papirbjørk |
| Dutch | papierberk |
| oj | wiigwaas |
| Polish | brzoza papierowa |
| Russian | Берёза американская белая |
| Russian | Береза бумажная |
| Russian | Берёза канойская |
| Russian | Берёза бумажная |
| Slovak | breza papierovitá |
| Serbian | Папираста бреза |
| Swedish | pappersbjörk |
| Turkish | kâğıt huşu |
| tt | Ак каен |
| Chinese | 北美白桦 |
| Chinese | 北美白樺 |
| Chinese | 纸桦 |
| Chinese | 凯纳纸皮桦 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- Labrador
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- South Dakota
- Wisconsin
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
-
Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Idaho
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Virginia
-
Subarctic America
- Alaska
- Northwest Territorie
- Yukon
-
Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
-
Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000335192 |
| UNII | SL7A75J492 |
| Cornell Woody Plants | 34 |
| Canadensys | 3697 |
| USDA Plants | BEPA |
| UConn | 66 |
| Tropicos | 3600017 |
| INPN | 761871 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32197-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-21557 |
| Plantarium | 46380 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 242294 |
| PaleoBotany | 97694 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 267725 |
| Observations.org | 137594 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3507 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000033441 |
| Nature Serve | 2.128519 |
| IUCN Red List | 194502 |
| IPNI | 32197-2 |
| iNaturalist | 49883 |
| GBIF | 5332120 |
| Freebase | /m/0589lz |
| WisFlora | 2738 |
| FEIS | plants/tree/betpap |
| EPPO | BETPA |
| EOL | 1149366 |
| Elurikkus | 3101 |
| US Library of Congress | sh85097598 |
| USDA GRIN | 7122 |
| Wikipedia | Betula_papyrifera |
| CMAUP | NPO18986 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Benzyl 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoate | 370912 | Click to see | 272.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives | |||||
| Isovouacapenol D | 10905866 | Click to see | 418.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[[(1S,2R,3R)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | 14521039 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C(C(CC3=CC(=C(C(=C23)OC)O)OC)CO)COC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O | 552.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Lyoniresinol, beta-D-xyloside; beta-D-Xylopyranoside, [1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-2-naphthalenyl]methyl, [1S-(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]- | 14521038 | Click to see | 552.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Sebacic Acid | 5192 | Click to see | 202.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| (2R,3R,4R,5R)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyhexanal | 163011700 | Click to see | 222.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01504A046 |
| 2,3,4-Tri-O-methylhexose | 538775 | Click to see | 222.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01504A046 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 10698321 | Click to see | 572.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-5,6,6a,7,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 10531102 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CC=CC(C4(C(C2OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)(C)C(=O)O)C | 570.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 11375664 | Click to see | 510.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,4aS,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-3-yl] benzoate | 54597566 | Click to see CC1C2CCC3(C(C(CCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C)O | 422.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate | 54597568 | Click to see | 448.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate | 54597567 | Click to see | 422.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] acetate | 54597503 | Click to see | 376.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] benzoate | 11750983 | Click to see | 438.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] acetate | 54597504 | Click to see | 376.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f]benzofuran-5-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate | 6479669 | Click to see | 464.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,6S,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] acetate | 54597502 | Click to see | 360.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4R,4aS,5R,6aR,11aS,11bR)-5-benzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,11b-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1,2,3,5,6,6a,11,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-yl]methyl benzoate | 10951647 | Click to see | 540.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4R,4aS,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-yl]methyl benzoate | 53388797 | Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(CCCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)(C)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O | 438.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4-formyl-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate | 53388795 | Click to see | 452.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovouacapenol A | 636673 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovouacapenol B | 11812203 | Click to see | 438.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovouacapenol C | 3009285 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CCCC(C4(C(C2O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C)C | 438.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (3S,4aS,5R,6R,6aR,7S,11aS,11bR)-5-acetyloxy-3-benzoyloxy-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylate | 53388938 | Click to see | 540.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pulcherrin M | 54597569 | Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5 | 452.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vouacapen-5alpha-ol | 73354918 | Click to see CC1C2CCC3(C(CCCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)(C)C)O | 302.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids | |||||
| Rel-(7S,11S,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol | 40467768 | Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C | 296.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,4R,6R,10R)-4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane | 42433495 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,4R,6S,10R)-4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane | 7067459 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-Hydroxycadalene | 608115 | Click to see | 214.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-Cadinol | 10398656 | Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Spathulenol | 92231 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Guaianes | |||||
| Teucladiol | 16046185 | Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C2CCC(C2C1O)(C)O | 238.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| Dammarane-3,12,25-triol, 20,24-epoxy-, 12-acetate 3-(hydrogen propanedioate), (3alpha,12beta,24R)- | 441683 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00335A054 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2800020209 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9R,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid | 40884471 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| (4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 163013840 | Click to see | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| (4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 25728252 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| 10-Acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 619165 | Click to see | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| 3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | 619166 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1081/SCC-100104070 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| CID 11954143 | 11954143 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90002-3 |
| Lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy- | 2371 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)- | 521518 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97169-3 |
| Lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol | 221023 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids | |||||
| (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-3,5-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 53388796 | Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)(CCC(C3(C)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6 | 572.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-3-acetyloxy-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 10627788 | Click to see | 630.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-3,4a-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 10698605 | Click to see | 588.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-3,5-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 11157932 | Click to see | 630.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 7-hydroxysteroids / 7-alpha-hydroxysteroids | |||||
| methyl (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aR,7S,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-4-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-benzoyloxy-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,11b-dimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylate | 53388939 | Click to see | 598.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 11870456 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162908745 | Click to see | 428.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 4484392 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O | 428.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162908744 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 428.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Furcatin | 442789 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O | 428.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzoquinones / P-benzoquinones | |||||
| 2,6-Dimethoxyquinone | 68262 | Click to see COC1=CC(=O)C=C(C1=O)OC | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans | |||||
| [(1S,2R,4R,5S,7S,10R,11S,18R)-5-hydroxy-6,6,10,18-tetramethyl-3,14-dioxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.013,17]octadeca-13(17),15-dien-7-yl] benzoate | 53388940 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CCC(C(C4(C5C2O5)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)C | 436.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,10aR,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-10a-methoxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate | 11386164 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3(C1=CC(=O)O3)OC)C4(CCCC(C4(C(C2O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C)C | 484.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Neocaesalpin E | 11450901 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Neocaesalpin G | 11295185 | Click to see | 510.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids | |||||
| 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one | 53840022 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC=CC(=O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O | 296.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 2-[1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-yloxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 73818247 | Click to see | 462.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| aceroside VII | 21637601 | Click to see | 462.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Platyphyllenone | 23786382 | Click to see | 296.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids / Curcuminoids | |||||
| (5S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-one | 162985559 | Click to see | 608.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| (5S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-one | 24179441 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(CC(=O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 608.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| (5S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-one | 162872386 | Click to see | 608.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyheptan-3-one | 14833391 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(CC(=O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 476.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 5-[3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-one | 162985558 | Click to see | 608.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 5-[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-one | 74218419 | Click to see | 608.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Platyphylloside | 9826264 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(CC(=O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 476.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00106-9 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| (-)-Catechol | 73160 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol | 1203 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| (-)-catechin-7-O-glucoside | 21676369 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| beta-D-Xylopyranoside, (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl | 97052283 | Click to see | 422.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Catechin 7-glucoside | 14282767 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018 |
| Quercimeritrin | 5282160 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 689011 | Click to see | 284.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S)-5,7-Dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavanone | 10336604 | Click to see | 328.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethoxy- | 11681403 | Click to see | 326.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone | 88881 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3 | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Pyranoflavonoids | |||||
| 16-Hydroxy-18-methoxy-6,8,12,21-tetraoxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.05,9.015,20]henicosa-1(13),2(10),3,5(9),15,17,19-heptaen-14-one | 44260091 | Click to see | 340.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 6-Methoxypulcherrimin | 44260092 | Click to see | 370.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids | |||||
| (3E)-3-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene)-7-methoxychromen-4-one | 5783568 | Click to see | 326.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-7-hydroxychromen-4-one | 18778791 | Click to see | 296.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-7-methoxychromen-4-one | 101489712 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)CO2 | 310.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3E)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7-dimethoxychromen-4-one | 44475180 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3E)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methoxychromen-4-one | 14079440 | Click to see | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3E)-7-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]chromen-4-one | 13846662 | Click to see | 298.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (e)-7-Hydroxy-3-(2',4'-dimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one | 101356812 | Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C=C2COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)OC | 312.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (e)-7-Hydroxy-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one | 16082056 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (e)-7-Methoxy-3-(4'-methoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one | 6507117 | Click to see | 296.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Bonducellin | 14079439 | Click to see | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isobonducellin | 10423880 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=C2COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids / Homoisoflavans / Homoisoflavanones | |||||
| (3S)-7-hydroxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 51533159 | Click to see | 284.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| 2'-Hydroxy-2,3,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone | 10337542 | Click to see | 344.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoliquiritigenin 4'-methyl ether | 6537040 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
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