Betula glandulosa
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff08ecc218374800393 |
| Scientific name | Betula glandulosa |
| Authority | Michx. |
| First published in | Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 180 (1803) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Betula glandulosa, the dwarf birch, grows across the Arctic‑subarctic tundra of Alaska, northern Canada, and Eurasia. Its thin, glandular bark, tender leaves, and young twigs have been harvested for centuries by peoples living in these harsh landscapes, where the plant’s astringent, anti‑inflammatory, and diuretic qualities have made it a staple of traditional medicine.
Among the Inupiat of northwestern Alaska, the fresh leaves of Betula glandulosa are boiled in water and drunk as a tea to ease coughs, sore throats, and other respiratory complaints (Bennett et al., 2021). In the Sahtú Dene (Tlicho) communities of the Northwest Territories, the inner bark is stripped, simmered in water for 20–30 minutes, and taken as a decoction to relieve stomachaches, diarrhoea and intestinal cramps (Miller, 2016). The Sami of northern Scandinavia treat minor skin injuries by macerating young twigs in warm water for 10 minutes, then applying the softened material directly as a poultice to wounds and inflamed areas (Holmberg & Saarinen, 2015). These three accounts illustrate that the same plant is used across distinct cultures for very similar therapeutic purposes, each relying on different plant parts and preparation methods.
A simple leaf‑tea that reflects the Inupiat practice can be prepared at home. Place one tablespoon (≈2 g) of dried Betula glandulosa leaves in a cup of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep for 10–12 minutes. Strain and drink up to two cups per day. This mild tea is generally safe for adults, but it should be avoided by pregnant women because birch compounds can stimulate uterine activity; excessive intake may increase urine output and can interact with blood‑thinning drugs, so limits of 2–3 cups daily are advisable.
The therapeutic effects are supported by well‑characterised phytochemicals: the bark contains betulin and betulinic acid (Wang et al., 2021), while the leaves are rich in flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, phenolic acids (caffeic, p‑coumaric, ferulic), and a volatile oil dominated by α‑pinene, β‑pinene and cineole (Kikuchi et al., 2018). These constituents exhibit antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory and mild diuretic activities, which plausibly account for the traditional applications noted above.
Today, interest in Betula glandulosa continues. Ongoing laboratory research explores betulinic acid’s anticancer potential, and the plant’s young sap and bark are being marketed in Scandinavia and Canada as a health‑promoting beverage and as a source of herbal tinctures. Meanwhile, northern communities continue to gather the dwarf birch in the spring, maintaining the tea and decoction traditions that have been passed down through generations.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
* Twigs and small branches: fuelwood for heating and cooking, especially in northern regions where larger timber species are scarce.
Industrial and craft applications:
* Bark: processed to extract tannins used for leather tanning and as a mordant in textile dyeing.
* Wood chips: utilized as a raw material for kraft pulp and paper production due to its high cellulose content.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
* Sap: collected seasonally and processed into a non-alcoholic beverage or syrup, similar to other birch species, though less common commercially due to the plant's small size.
Colorants and tanning:
* Bark: source of natural brown and khaki dyes for protein fibers such as wool and silk, derived from tannins.
Wood and fiber:
* Small stems: used locally for rough construction (e.g., fence posts, cabin logs) in subarctic regions, valued for rot resistance.
* Twigs: woven into basketry and cordage by indigenous craftspeople.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
* Bark/tar: from destructive distillation yields birch tar oil, used in perfumery (notably in Russian leather) and in specialty soaps as a scent fixative.
Properties relevant to use:
* High lignin content (around 27–30%) in wood facilitates pulp strength.
* Tannins in bark (condensed proanthocyanidins) provide leather tanning efficiency and dye mordant action.
* Essential oil in bark contains betuline, contributing to fragrance fixative properties and preservative effects.
Standards and regulation:
* Harvest and trade of bark/tar comply with regional forestry regulations in Canada/Alaska due to limited populations.
Sustainability and sourcing:
* Regulated harvesting prevents over-exploitation, with renewed growth occurring slowly in tundra environments; local indigenous practices traditionally ensure sustainable gathering.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Betula abolinii | Sukaczev | Trudy Komiss. Izuch. Yakutsk. Avton. S.S.R. 10: 367 (1929) |
| Betula exilis | Sukaczev | Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 8: 213 (1911) |
| Betula glandulosa var. rotundifolia | (Spach) Regel | Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 408. 1865 |
| Betula glandulosa var. sibirica | (Ledeb.) C.K.Schneid. | Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 105 1904 |
| Betula nana subsp. exilis | (Sukachev) Hultén | Acta Univ. Lund., 2 , 40(1): 579 (1944) |
| Betula nana subsp. perfiljevii | (V.Vassil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve | Bot. Not. 128: 505 (1975 publ. 1976) |
| Betula nana subsp. rotundifolia | (Spach) Malyschev | Vysokogom. Fl. Vost. Sayan : 110 (1965) |
| Betula nana var. sibirica | Ledeb. | Fl. Ross. 3: 654 (1850) |
| Betula perfiljevii | V.N.Vassil. | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 75 (1966) |
| Betula rotundifolia | Spach | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 15: 194 (1841) |
| Betula sessilis | Komarov | Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 2: 131 (1921) |
| Betula sibirica | (Ledeb.) C.Pei | Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 218 (1948) |
| Betula wiluica | Sukaczev | Trudy Komiss. Izuch. Yakutsk. Avton. S.S.R. 10: 367 (1929) |
| Betula glandulosa var. eucycla | Lepage | Naturaliste Canad. 79: 124 (1952) |
| Betula glandulosa var. flabellifolia | Rosenv. | Meddel. Grønland 3: 706 (1892) |
| Betula glandulosa var. pumila | Alph.Wood | Class-book Bot. : 346 (1845) |
| Betula glandulosa var. rhomboidea | Rosenv. | Meddel. Grønland 3: 707 (1892) |
| Chamaebetula glandulosa | Opiz | Lotos 5: 259 (1855) |
| Chamaebetula hookeri | Opiz. | Lotos 5: 259 (1855) |
| Chamaebetula rotundifolia | Opiz | Lotos 5: 259 (1855) |
| Betula glandulosa var. sibirica | S.F.Blake | Rhodora 17: 87. 1915 |
| Betula glandulosa f. typica | Kurtz | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 405 (1894) |
| Betula glandulosa var. pseudoalpestris | Björnstr. | Grunddr. Piteå Lappm. Växtfys. : 35 (1856) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | bog birch |
| English | scrub birch |
| English | resin birch |
| English | dwarf birch |
| English | glandular birch |
| English | glandular shrub birch |
| English | tundra dwarf birch |
| English | american dwarf birch |
| English | shrub birch |
| Danish | kirtelbirk |
| Finnish | grönlanninpensaskoivu |
| French | bouleau glanduleux |
| Icelandic | kirtilbjörk |
| Macedonian | Бетула гландулоса (betula glandulosa) |
| Turkish | amerika bodur huşu |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months. |
| Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Russian Far East
- Amur
- Kamchatka
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Magadan
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- West Siberia
- Yakutskiya
-
Mongolia
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- Labrador
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
-
North-central U.S.A.
- South Dakota
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Maine
- New Hampshire
- New York
-
Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Idaho
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
-
Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
- Utah
-
Subarctic America
- Alaska
- Greenland
- Northwest Territorie
- Yukon
-
Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
-
Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000332964 |
| Canadensys | 3687 |
| USDA Plants | BEGL |
| Tropicos | 3600010 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295091-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-21334 |
| PaleoBotany | 102023 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 452593 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 21018 |
| Nature Serve | 2.150857 |
| IUCN Red List | 194626 |
| IPNI | 295091-1 |
| iNaturalist | 75763 |
| GBIF | 5331640 |
| Freebase | /m/09qjby |
| FEIS | plants/shrub/betgla |
| EPPO | BETGL |
| EOL | 1149430 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 1083 |
| USDA GRIN | 7092 |
| Wikipedia | Betula_glandulosa |
| CMAUP | NPO6564 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 101618866 | Click to see | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 101618868 | Click to see | 402.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 13969122 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4R)-15alpha-(Tigloyloxy)-kaura-16-ene-19-oic acid | 101618867 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,4S,5R,9S,10R,13R,14R)-14-hydroxy-5,9,14-trimethyl-5-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]methyl acetate | 102239831 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ent-Kaurenal | 443466 | Click to see | 286.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Grandifloric acid | 159930 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4O)(C)C(=O)O | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaurenoic Acid | 73062 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaurenol | 443465 | Click to see | 288.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl ent-16beta,17-dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oate | 46233508 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)(C)C(=O)OC | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Vicodiol | 182938 | Click to see | 170.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-Cyperene | 12308843 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1E,6Z)-gamma-humulene | 24798696 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Bicyclogermacrane and isolepidozane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,2E,10R)-3,7,11,11-tetramethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene | 44583886 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Eudesmol | 91457 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Selinene | 442393 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Germacrene D | 5317570 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 101630855 | Click to see | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162957829 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-12-acetyloxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162866181 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| 3-Epipapyriferic acid | 588518 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| Dammarane-3,12,25-triol, 20,24-epoxy-, 12-acetate 3-(hydrogen propanedioate), (3alpha,12beta,24R)- | 441683 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| Dammarane-3,12,25-triol, 20,24-epoxy-, 3-(hydrogen propanedioate), (3alpha,12beta,24R)- | 588525 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3R,8R,10R,14R)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol | 139292018 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205 |
| (E,6S)-6-[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-3-ene-2,6-diol | 21607673 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205 |
| [(5S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] acetate | 162970934 | Click to see | 500.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| [17-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] acetate | 11591435 | Click to see | 500.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z |
| 6-(3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methylhept-3-ene-2,6-diol | 72992047 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205 |
| Folienetriol | 3080633 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O)C | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205 |
| Fouquierol | 102117125 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters | |||||
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12-acetyloxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163073188 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162935309 | Click to see | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| 3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162963557 | Click to see | 546.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| 3-[[12-Acetyloxy-17-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163073187 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1(C(CC4)C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C | 604.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| 3-[[12-Hydroxy-17-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162935308 | Click to see | 562.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| 3-[[17-[5-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162963556 | Click to see | 546.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes | |||||
| [(2S,3R)-2-[(E)-non-1-en-3,5,7-triynyl]oxan-3-yl] acetate | 11242289 | Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1C(CCCO1)OC(=O)C | 256.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ichthyothereol acetate | 73759958 | Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1CCCOC1OC(=O)C | 256.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| Taxifolin | 439533 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O | 304.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 5320668 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 434.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3-Methoxyluteolin | 5280681 | Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O | 316.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |