American dwarf birch is a species of birch native to North America. It is a multi-stemmed shrub typically growing to 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft) tall, with slender trunks rarely over 5–10 cm (2–4 in) diameter, and nearly circular to oval leaves 0.5–3 cm (1⁄4–1+1⁄8 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (3⁄8–1 in) broad. It is found in arctic and cool temperate areas from Alaska east to Newfoundland and southern Greenland, and south at high altitudes to northern California, Colorado, and the Black Hills of South Dakota in the west, and locally south to northern New York in the east. It is typically a wetland species, growing in bogs, muskegs, or other moist and nutrient-deficient soils. It is a food source for many species of wildlife, particularly ungulates, and is valued for its erosion control potential.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Betula abolinii	Sukaczev	Trudy Komiss. Izuch. Yakutsk. Avton. S.S.R. 10: 367 (1929)
Betula exilis	Sukaczev	Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 8: 213 (1911)
Betula glandulosa var. rotundifolia	(Spach) Regel	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 408. 1865
Betula glandulosa var. sibirica	(Ledeb.) C.K.Schneid.	Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 105 1904
Betula nana subsp. exilis	(Sukachev) Hultén	Acta Univ. Lund., 2 , 40(1): 579 (1944)
Betula nana subsp. perfiljevii	(V.Vassil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Bot. Not. 128: 505 (1975 publ. 1976)
Betula nana subsp. rotundifolia	(Spach) Malyschev	Vysokogom. Fl. Vost. Sayan : 110 (1965)
Betula nana var. sibirica	Ledeb.	Fl. Ross. 3: 654 (1850)
Betula perfiljevii	V.N.Vassil.	Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 75 (1966)
Betula rotundifolia	Spach	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 15: 194 (1841)
Betula sessilis	Komarov	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 2: 131 (1921)
Betula sibirica	(Ledeb.) C.Pei	Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 218 (1948)
Betula wiluica	Sukaczev	Trudy Komiss. Izuch. Yakutsk. Avton. S.S.R. 10: 367 (1929)
Betula glandulosa var. eucycla	Lepage	Naturaliste Canad. 79: 124 (1952)
Betula glandulosa var. flabellifolia	Rosenv.	Meddel. Grønland 3: 706 (1892)
Betula glandulosa var. pumila	Alph.Wood	Class-book Bot. : 346 (1845)
Betula glandulosa var. rhomboidea	Rosenv.	Meddel. Grønland 3: 707 (1892)
Chamaebetula glandulosa	Opiz	Lotos 5: 259 (1855)
Chamaebetula hookeri	Opiz.	Lotos 5: 259 (1855)
Chamaebetula rotundifolia	Opiz	Lotos 5: 259 (1855)
Betula glandulosa var. sibirica	S.F.Blake	Rhodora 17: 87. 1915
Betula glandulosa f. typica	Kurtz	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 405 (1894)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	bog birch
English	scrub birch
English	resin birch
English	dwarf birch
English	glandular birch
English	glandular shrub birch
English	tundra dwarf birch
English	american dwarf birch
English	shrub birch
Danish	kirtelbirk
Finnish	grönlanninpensaskoivu
French	bouleau glanduleux
Icelandic	kirtilbjörk
Macedonian	Бетула гландулоса (betula glandulosa)
Turkish	amerika bodur huşu

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Kamchatka
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Magadan
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - South Dakota
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Maine
  - New Hampshire
  - New York
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000332964
Canadensys	3687
USDA Plants	BEGL
Tropicos	3600010
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295091-1
The Plant List	kew-21334
PaleoBotany	102023
Open Tree Of Life	452593
NCBI Taxonomy	21018
Nature Serve	2.150857
IUCN Red List	194626
IPNI	295091-1
iNaturalist	75763
GBIF	5331640
Freebase	/m/09qjby
FEIS	plants/shrub/betgla
EPPO	BETGL
EOL	1149430
Calflora (Californian flora)	1083
USDA GRIN	7092
Wikipedia	Betula_glandulosa
CMAUP	NPO6564

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A cryptic syngameon within Betula shrubs revealed: Implications for conservation in changing subarctic environments

Touchette L, Godbout J, Lamothe M, Porth I, Isabel N

Evol Appl

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11022622
doi:	10.1111/eva.13689
PMID:	38633131

Diverse migration patterns and seasonal habitat use of Stone’s sheep (Ovis dalli stonei)

Enns GE, Jex B, Boyce MS

PeerJ

16-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10278595
doi:	10.7717/peerj.15215
PMID:	37342360

Does coat colour influence survival? A test in a cyclic population of snowshoe hares

Oli MK, Kenney AJ, Boonstra R, Boutin S, Murray DL, Peers MJ, Gilbert BS, Jung TS, Chaudhary V, Hines JE, Krebs CJ

Proc Biol Sci

05-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10072933
doi:	10.1098/rspb.2022.1421
PMID:	37015272

Volatile responses of dwarf birch to mimicked insect herbivory and experimental warming at two elevations in Greenlandic tundra

Rieksta J, Li T, Davie‐Martin CL, Aeppli LC, Høye TT, Rinnan R

Plant Environ Interact

08-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10168049
doi:	10.1002/pei3.10100
PMID:	37284597

Cryocampsis: a biophysical freeze-bending response of shrubs and trees under snow loads

Ray PM, Bret-Harte MS

PNAS Nexus

25-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9802243
doi:	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac131
PMID:	36714826

Limited decadal growth of mountain birch saplings has minor impact on surrounding tundra vegetation

Scharn R, Negri IS, Sundqvist MK, Løkken JO, Bacon CD, Antonelli A, Hofgaard A, Nilsson RH, Björk RG

Ecol Evol

23-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9219107
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9028
PMID:	35784030

Demographic responses of nearly extirpated endangered mountain caribou to recovery actions in Central British Columbia

McNay RS, Lamb CT, Giguere L, Williams SH, Martin H, Sutherland GD, Hebblewhite M

Ecol Appl

05-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9285560
doi:	10.1002/eap.2580
PMID:	35319129

An integrated high‐resolution mapping shows congruent biodiversity patterns of Fagales and Pinales

Lyu L, Leugger F, Hagen O, Fopp F, Boschman LM, Strijk JS, Albouy C, Karger DN, Brun P, Wang Z, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L

New Phytol

05-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9323436
doi:	10.1111/nph.18158
PMID:	35429166

Impacts of spruce budworm defoliation on the habitat of woodland caribou, moose, and their main predators

Chagnon C, Bouchard M, Pothier D

Ecol Evol

18-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8932078
doi:	10.1002/ece3.8695
PMID:	35342555

Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal forest biome shift

Berner LT, Goetz SJ

Glob Chang Biol

24-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC9303657
doi:	10.1111/gcb.16121
PMID:	35199413

WIDESPREAD CAPACITY FOR DENITRIFICATION ACROSS A BOREAL FOREST LANDSCAPE

Burnett MS, Schütte UM, Harms TK

Biogeochemistry

21-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC9518932
doi:	10.1007/s10533-022-00895-y
PMID:	36186670

Late Pleistocene shrub expansion preceded megafauna turnover and extinctions in eastern Beringia

Monteath AJ, Gaglioti BV, Edwards ME, Froese D

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

20-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8719869
doi:	10.1073/pnas.2107977118
PMID:	34930836

Current state of populations of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan

Kubentayev SA, Zhumagul MZ, Kurmanbayeva MS, Alibekov DT, Kotukhov JA, Sitpayeva GT, Mukhtubayeva SK, Izbastina KS

Bot Stud

07-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8572951
doi:	10.1186/s40529-021-00327-4
PMID:	34746988

Synergistic effects of insect herbivory and changing climate on plant volatile emissions in the subarctic tundra

Rieksta J, Li T, Michelsen A, Rinnan R

Glob Chang Biol

17-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8518364
doi:	10.1111/gcb.15773
PMID:	34185349

Permafrost condition determines plant community composition and community‐level foliar functional traits in a boreal peatland

Standen KM, Baltzer JL

Ecol Evol

03-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8328418
doi:	10.1002/ece3.7818
PMID:	34367564

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(15S)-15alpha-(3-Methyl-2-butenoyloxy)kaur-16-en-18-oic acid	101618866	Click to see CC(=CC(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C)C	400.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(15S)-15alpha-(Isovaleryloxy)kaur-16-en-18-oic acid	101618868	Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C	402.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid	159930	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4O)(C)C(=O)O	318.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4R)-15alpha-(Tigloyloxy)-kaura-16-ene-19-oic acid	101618867	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C	400.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
15alpha-(Angeloyloxy)kaura-16-ene-18-oic acid	13969122	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C	400.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
ent-Kaur-16-en-19-ol	443465	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C)CO	288.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
ent-Kaurenal	443466	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C)C=O	286.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaurane-16,18-diol 18-acetate	102239831	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(C)O)C)C	348.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaurenoic acid	73062	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)(C)C(=O)O	302.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl ent-16beta,17-dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oate	46233508	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)(C)C(=O)OC	348.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Vicodiol	182938	Click to see CC12CCC(C1(C)CO)CC2O	170.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Terpineol	442501	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(-)-Cyperene	12308843	Click to see CC1CCC2CC3=C(CCC13C2(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1E,6Z)-gamma-humulene	24798696	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CCC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Bicyclogermacrane and isolepidozane sesquiterpenoids
(1S,2E,10R)-3,7,11,11-tetramethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene	44583886	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CC2C(C2(C)C)CC1)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
beta-EUDESMOL	91457	Click to see CC12CCCC(=C)C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O	222.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Selinene	442393	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(CCCC(=C)C2C1)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	101630855	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C	562.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162957829	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C	562.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14R,17S)-12-acetyloxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162866181	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1C(CC4)C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
3-Epipapyriferic acid	588518	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1C(CC4)C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
Dammarane-3,12,25-triol, 20,24-epoxy-, 3-(hydrogen propanedioate), (3alpha,12beta,24R)-	588525	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C	562.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
Papyriferic acid	441683	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1C(CC4)C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3R,8R,10R,14R)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol	139292018	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O)C	460.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205
(E,6S)-6-[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-3-ene-2,6-diol	21607673	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C	460.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205
[(5S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] acetate	162970934	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4(C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C)O)C	500.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
[17-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-12-yl] acetate	11591435	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4(C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C)O)C	500.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83272-Z
6-(3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methylhept-3-ene-2,6-diol	72992047	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C	460.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205
Folienetriol	3080633	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O)C	460.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205
Fouquierol	102117125	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1CCC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	460.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574205
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12-acetyloxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	163073188	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1(C(CC4)C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162935309	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4(C3(CCC4C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C	562.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
3-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162963557	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CCC4(C3(CCC4C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C	546.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
3-[[12-Acetyloxy-17-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	163073187	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C3(CCC(C(C3CCC2(C4(C1(C(CC4)C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
3-[[12-Hydroxy-17-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162935308	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CC(C4(C3(CCC4C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)O)C)C	562.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
3-[[17-[5-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,13,14-hexamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	162963556	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC(=O)CC(=O)O)C)CCC4(C3(CCC4C5CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C	546.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574275
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
Acetic acid (2S)-tetrahydro-2beta-[(E)-1-nonene-3,5,7-triynyl]-2H-pyran-3alpha-yl ester	11242289	Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1C(CCCO1)OC(=O)C	256.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ichthyothereol acetate	73759958	Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1CCCOC1OC(=O)C	256.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Taxifolin	439533	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	304.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-arabinofuranoside	5320668	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
3-Methoxyluteolin	5280681	Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	316.26	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Betula glandulosa

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