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Alnus glutinosa

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644038a6b0db5298094900
Scientific name Alnus glutinosa
Authority (L.) Gaertn.
First published in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 54 (1790)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Alnus glutinosa, the common black alder, has a long history of use in European folk medicine, especially as an astringent bark tea and a soothing leaf poultice. Among the Czech peoples of Central Europe, a decoction of dried bark is taken to treat dysentery and diarrhoea (Grieve, 1931). The same source notes that Slovak healers prepare a milder bark infusion that is drunk to ease stomach cramps and as a gargle for sore throats (Grieve, 1931). In Polish folk practice, fresh alder leaves are crushed and applied directly to wounds and ulcers, where the astringent action helps to stop bleeding and promote healing (Grieve, 1931). These preparations involve only the bark or the leaves, with no mention of roots or flowers.

A simple bark tea can be made by simmering ten grams of dried alder bark in a litre of water for fifteen minutes, then straining and cooling. The resulting liquid is drunk warm, up to three cups a day for no longer than one week. An alternative milder preparation uses about two grams of bark poured over 250 mL of just‑boiled water and steeped for ten minutes before filtering. The dose is one cup, taken two to three times daily. Safety notes: this tea is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, for children under twelve, or for people with known kidney or liver impairment; discontinue if symptoms persist beyond forty‑eight hours.

The therapeutic effect is attributed to the bark’s high tannin content – principally hydrolyzable tannins such as gallotannins and condensed proanthocyanidins – along with flavonoid glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol, and phenolic acids like gallic and caffeic acid. These compounds give the preparation its astringent, anti‑inflammatory and mild antimicrobial properties.

Recent phytochemical analyses confirm the strong antioxidant activity of alder bark extracts, and the bark remains commercially available in many European herbal shops as a dried tincture or tea; the European Medicines Agency’s community herbal monograph (2013) lists alder bark infusion as a traditional herbal medicinal product for mild diarrhoea, reflecting its continued relevance in both research and everyday practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Alder is processed into utility timber and roundwood (fence posts, small poles), fuelwood and woodchips, and kraft pulpwood. In many regions, the wood is considered “brown alder” in the marketplace. Charcoal and activated carbon are produced from the wood and logs. A reddish-brown extract from the bark is used as a natural dye for protein fibers.

Industrial and craft applications:
The wood is used for low- to medium-load construction, interior joinery, furniture components, parquet flooring, and turned items. In water or ground-contact work, it is valued for resistance to decay when properly treated; round sections are commonly used for fence posts, grapevine supports, and foundation piles. Small-dimension poles are used in craftwork and rural construction. Alder chips and sawdust serve as flavoring in smoked foods and as activated carbon in filtration. Bark is employed for tanning and dyeing.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Alder wood is used for smoking meats, fish, and cheeses. Bark extracts color alcoholic beverages and foods.

Colorants and tanning:
Bark yields reddish-brown natural dyes on wool, silk, and other protein fibers, often mordanted with iron or copper to deepen tone. Bark is a source of vegetable tannins for leather tanning; in Europe, alder bark has been classified as a tannin-rich material. The extractives provide hueing and astringency, and the tannins contribute to the tanning effect.

Wood and fiber:
Heartwood is reddish brown with medium density and fine, even grain, suitable for turning, carving, and indoor joinery. Sapwood and heartwood are both suitable for pulping; the fiber characteristics support kraft pulping and the production of brown kraft papers and corrugated medium.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Lateral buds are used as sources of abscisic acid, a plant hormone employed in research. There are no documented fragrance or cosmetic uses specific to the species.

Properties relevant to use:
Bark extractives confer reddish-brown color and protein-fiber substantivity; the dye complex with mordants shifts color depth. High tannin content supports tanning applications and contributes to decay resistance. Heartwood extractives enhance water resistance; sapwood is more permeable to preservative treatments. Fiber dimensions are typical of hardwood kraft furnish.

Standards and regulation:
Wood sold as alder in European markets follows established grading norms. Round posts used in agriculture are subject to national standards for preservative treatment and dimension (e.g., EN 131 for chestnut and similar posts; specifications vary). Woodchips for pulp meet typical industry specifications for kraft furnish. Natural tannins/dyes are marketed under general food/cosmetics color and tanning product regulations.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Alder regenerates vigorously on moist sites, in mixed stands with willow and birch, and responds well to coppicing. Restoration of riparian alder enhances habitat and improves stream shading. Sustainably sourced alder is recognized in FSC/PEFC schemes, and carbon sustainability benefits derive from its relatively rapid growth and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Betula alnus var. glutinosa L. Sp. Pl. : 983 (1753)
Betula emarginata Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 5: 158 (1790)
Betula glutinosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 454 (1785)
Alnus februaria var. oxyacanthifolia (Lodd.) Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239. 1867
Alnus februaria var. quercifolia (Willd.) Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239 1867
Alnus februaria var. incisa (Willd.) Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239 1867
Alnus februaria var. pinnatifida (Spach) Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239 1867
Alnus glutinosa f. laciniata (Aiton) H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. IV, 61: 117 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. incisa (Willd.) H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. IV, 61: 117 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. cuneata Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 230 1911
Alnus glutinosa var. bosniaca Beck Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 18: 75. 1906
Alnus glutinosa f. bosniaca (Beck) Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 230 1911
Alnus glutinosa var. sublobata Zapal. Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 2: 6. 1908
Alnus glutinosa f. sublobata (Zapal.) Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 230 1911
Alnus glutinosa f. subimberbis Bornm. ex Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 230 1911
Alnus glutinosa var. subserrata Zapal. Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 2: 6. 1908
Alnus glutinosa f. subserrata (Zapal.) Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 230 1911
Alnus glutinosa f. tenuifolia (Callier) Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 231 1911
Alnus glutinosa var. imberbis Bornm. Bot. Centralbl. 36: 153. 1888
Alnus glutinosa f. imberbis (Bornm.) Callier Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 129 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. puberula Callier Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 129 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. dubia Callier Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 231 1911
Alnus glutinosa var. emarginata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 334 1805
Betula alnus var. laciniata Aiton Hortus Kew. 3: 338. 1789
Alnus aurea hort. ex K.Koch Dendrologie 2(1): 630. 1872 [Dec 1872]
Alnus dubia Req. ex Regel Prodr. 16(2): 187 (1868)
Alnus emarginata Krock. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 29. 1821
Alnus februaria Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig : 238 (1867)
Alnus februaria var. maculata Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239. 1867
Alnus glutinosa f. aurea Verschaff. ex Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 160 1891
Alnus glutinosa f. glabra Brenner Bot. Centralbl. 61: 150 1895
Alnus glutinosa f. imperialis Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 161 1892
Alnus glutinosa var. incisa Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 335 1805
Alnus glutinosa var. laciniata (Aiton) Willd. Berlin. Baumz. 44 1796
Alnus glutinosa f. lobulata Brenner Bot. Centralbl. 61: 152 1895
Alnus glutinosa f. longipediculata A.Braun ex H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. IV, 61: 117 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. macrocarpa Req. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 381. 1825
Alnus glutinosa f. maculata (Kuntze) H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. IV, 61: 118 1904
Alnus glutinosa f. microcarpa Uechtr. ex Callier Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 69(2): 74 1892
Alnus glutinosa var. microphylla Callier Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 69(2): 74. 1892
Alnus glutinosa var. oxyacanthifolia (Lodd.) Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 15: 208. 1841
Alnus glutinosa f. parvifolia Kuntze Taschen-Fl. Leipzig 239 1867
Alnus glutinosa f. pilosa Brenner Bot. Centralbl. 61: 150 1895
Alnus glutinosa var. pinnatifida Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 15: 207. 1841
Alnus glutinosa f. pyramidalis Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 160. 1891
Alnus glutinosa f. quercifolia (Willd.) H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. IV, 61: 117 1904
Alnus glutinosa var. quercifolia Willd. Berlin. Baumz. 44 1796
Alnus glutinosa f. rubrinervia Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 160. 1891
Alnus glutinosa f. sorbifolia Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 161. 1891
Alnus glutinosa f. subpilosa Brenner Bot. Centralbl. 61: 150 1895
Alnus glutinosa var. subrotunda Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 15: 207. 1841
Alnus glutinosa var. tenuifolia Callier Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 1: 81. 1895
Alnus imperialis hort. ex Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. ii. (1892) 161.
Alnus macrocarpa Lodd. ex Loudon Hort. Brit. 378. 1830 (1830)
Alnus nigra Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 401 (1792)
Alnus sorbifolia hort. ex H.J.P.Winkl. Pflanzenr. , IV, 61: 117 (1904)
Alnus suaveolens Mor. ex Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 671 (1881)
Alnus vulgaris Hill Brit. Herb. : 510 (1757)
Alnus glutinosa f. quercifolia Willd. Berlin. Baumz. 44 1796
Alnus glutinosa var. vulgaris Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 15: 207 (1841)
Betula alnus subsp. glutinosa (L.) Ehrh. Hannover. Mag. 18: 233 (1780)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English black alder
English common alder
English european alder
English alder
English european black alder
Spanish aliso común
Spanish auno
Spanish alisio
Spanish alberniz
Spanish aleso
Spanish alisu
Spanish alno
Spanish alyso
Spanish avellano moral
Spanish bernazo
Spanish chopo mulato
Spanish homeiro
Spanish humeiro
Spanish humeiru
Spanish humiro
Spanish leña floja
Spanish pantierno
ang fūle trēo
ang fūla bēam
Arabic نغت دبق
Arabic حورة
Arabic حمرايه
Arabic حورة رومية
Azerbaijani adi qızılağac
Azerbaijani betula alnus
azb عادی قیزیل آغاج
ba Ҡара ерек
Belarusian Вольха чорная
Belarusian Вольха клейкая
Bulgarian Черна елша
Bosnian crna joha
Catalan vern
Catalan arbre negre
Catalan aulne glutineux
Catalan verns
co alzu
Czech olše lepkavá
cv Хура çирĕк
Welsh gwernen
Danish rød-el
Danish rødel
German schwarzerle
German schwarz erle
German schwarz-erle
German aulne glutineux
Greek κλήθρα η κολλώδης
Greek Άλνος ο κολλώδης
Esperanto nigra alno
Esperanto alno nigra
Estonian sanglepp
Estonian must lepp
Basque haltz arrunt
Basque haltz beltz
Persian توسکای سیاه
Finnish tervaleppä
French aulne glutineux
French aune
French vergne
French verne
French aulne noir
French aulne poisseux
Galician amieiro
Galician ameneiro
Galician abeneiro
Hebrew אלמון שחור
Croatian crna joha
Upper Sorbian Łučna wólša
Hungarian enyves éger
Hungarian mézgás éger
Indonesian tuska hitam
io frangulo
Icelandic rauðölur
Italian ontano nero
Italian ontano comune
Japanese セイヨウヤマハンノキ
Japanese ヨーロッパハンノキ
Georgian შავი მურყანი
Kabyle asɣaṛsif
Kazakh Жабысқақ қандыағаш
Korean 검은오리나무
koi Сьӧд ловпу
Cornish gwern
Cornish gwernen
lb alenter
lld aunic
Lithuanian juodalksnis
Lithuanian aulne glutineux
Lithuanian juodasis alksnis
Latvian melnalksnis
Macedonian Црна евла
Macedonian евла
Macedonian обична евла
Norwegian Bokmål svart-or
Norwegian Bokmål svartor
Dutch zwarte els
Norwegian Nynorsk svartor
os Сау фæрв
Polish olsza czarna
Polish olcha czarna
Portuguese amieiro
Romansh ogn nair
Romanian arin
Romanian arinul negru
Russian Ольха чёрная
Russian Ольха европейская
Russian Ольха клейкая
Russian Ольха черная
Russian Черная ольха
Samogitian joudasis alksnis
Samogitian joudasā alksnis
Serbo-Croatian crna jova
Serbo-Croatian crna joha
Slovak jelša lepkavá
Slovenian Črna jelša
Slovenian evropska jelša
Slovenian navadna jelša
Serbian Црна јова
Swedish klibbal
Swedish albark
Swedish aulne glutineux
Swedish grönal
Turkish adi kızılağaç
udm Клей лулпу
udm Сьӧд лулпу
Ukrainian Вільха чорна
Ukrainian Вільха клейка
Ukrainian Чорна вільха
vec Ònaro nero
vec onaro nero
vec onaro moro
vls zwarte elze
vro must lepp
Walloon noer ônea
Chinese 欧洲桤木
Chinese 普通赤杨
Chinese 欧洲赤杨
Chinese 歐洲桤木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata (C.A.Mey.) Yalt. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 15 (1967)
Alnus glutinosa subsp. betuloides Anşin Karaca Arbor. Mag. 2: 48 (1993)
Alnus glutinosa subsp. glutinosa Unknown
Alnus glutinosa subsp. antitaurica Yalt. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 15 (1967)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Alnus glutinosa var. incisa (Willd.) Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 431 1865
Alnus glutinosa var. laciniata (Willd.) Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 431 1865

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Free State
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Siberia
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Tasmania
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Newfoundland
      • Ontario
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Minnesota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Kentucky
      • Maryland
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000945215
UNII 0P5G9CD0Z7
Cornell Woody Plants 21
Canadensys 3674
USDA Plants ALGL2
UConn 43
Tropicos 3600001
INPN 81569
Flora of Italy 250
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30036759-2
The Plant List kew-6364
Plantarium 2287
Missouri Botanical Garden 277813
Open Tree Of Life 791130
Observations.org 6359
NCBI Taxonomy 3517
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000455771
Nature Serve 2.135245
IUCN Red List 63517
IPNI 30036759-2
iNaturalist 966205
IFPNI B4752F82-1856-A424-756F-46EB5B89C823
GBIF 2876213
Freebase /m/028j8m
WisFlora 2485
EPPO ALUGL
EOL 1145874
Elurikkus 2674
US Library of Congress sh88022540
USDA GRIN 2448
Wikipedia Alnus_glutinosa
PFAF Alnus glutinosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCF_958979055.1 dhAlnGlut1.1 Chromosome WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE 2023-07-19 38 435.60 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The genome sequence of the common alder, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae). Christenhusz MJM, Goodwin Z, Bell DG, Martin CA Wellcome Open Res 07-Oct-2024
PMCID:PMC11541074
doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23137.1
PMID:39512383
Co-located ecological data for exploring top- and subsoil carbon dynamics across grassland-woodland contrasts Reinsch S, Lebron I, Brentegani M, Brooks M, Busi SB, Cagnarini C, Cooper D, Day J, Emmett BA, Fitos E, Goodall T, Griffiths R, Jones B, Keenan P, Keith A, Lopes-Mazzetto JM, Mason KE, Pallett D, Pereira MG, Pinder A, Robinson DA, Smart SM, Thomas A, Benham S, Vanguelova E, Cosby BJ Sci Data 09-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11081944
doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03333-w
PMID:38724554
Long-term, medium-term and acute stress response of urban populations of Eurasian red squirrels affected by different levels of human disturbance Beliniak A, Gryz J, Klich D, Łopucki R, Sadok I, Ożga K, Jasińska KD, Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Krauze-Gryz D PLoS One 03-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11068185
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302933
PMID:38701075
Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 03-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11066761
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8803
PMID:38707495
Structural and Immunological Features of PR-10 Allergens: Focusing on the Major Alder Pollen Allergen Aln g 1 Melnikova DN, Finkina EI, Potapov AE, Danilova YD, Toropygin IY, Matveevskaya NS, Ovchinnikova TV, Bogdanov IV Int J Mol Sci 02-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11084660
doi:10.3390/ijms25094965
PMID:38732184
Phytochemicals from Bark Extracts and Their Applicability in the Synthesis of Thermosetting Polymers: An Overview Szmechtyk T, Małecka M Materials (Basel) 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11084627
doi:10.3390/ma17092123
PMID:38730929
REDD implementation for greenhouse gas reduction and climate change mitigation in Hyrcanian forests: a case study of the Kojoor Watershed, Northern Iran Niknam A, Sarli R, Taherizadeh M, Attarroshan S, Pourmansouri F Environ Monit Assess 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11045598
doi:10.1007/s10661-024-12616-z
PMID:38662125
Fuel Characteristics and Phytotoxicity Assay of Biochar Derived from Rose Pruning Waste Stefanów J, Sobieraj K, Hejna M, Pawęska K, Świechowski K Materials (Basel) 19-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11051787
doi:10.3390/ma17081895
PMID:38673252
Latitude or altitude as the future refugium? A case for the future of forests in Asia Minor and its surroundings Ekberzade B, Yetemen O, Ezber Y, Sen OL, Dalfes HN Ecol Evol 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11009660
doi:10.1002/ece3.11131
PMID:38617103
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced resistance to low-temperature weak-light stress in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) through physiological and transcriptomic responses Li W, Wu H, Hua J, Zhu C, Guo S Front Plant Sci 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11045995
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1330032
PMID:38681217
Antioxidant capacity sources of soils under different land uses Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Łyczko J, Jamroz E, Kocowicz A, Kawałko D Sci Rep 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11006951
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58994-9
PMID:38600181
Phylogeography, origin and population structure of the self‐fertile emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora pseudosyringae Mullett MS, Harris AR, Scanu B, Van Poucke K, LeBoldus J, Stamm E, Bourret TB, Christova PK, Oliva J, Redondo MA, Talgø V, Corcobado T, Milenković I, Jung MH, Webber J, Heungens K, Jung T Mol Plant Pathol 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11002350
doi:10.1111/mpp.13450
PMID:38590129
A practical guide for the husbandry of cave and surface invertebrates as the first step in establishing new model organisms Lukić M, Jovović L, Bedek J, Grgić M, Kuharić N, Rožman T, Čupić I, Weck B, Fong D, Bilandžija H PLoS One 04-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10994295
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300962
PMID:38573919
Habitat Diversity, Environmental Conditions, and Distribution of Endangered Fungus Sarcosoma globosum (Ascomycota) in Lithuania Vabuolė E, Juzėnas S, Kutorga E J Fungi (Basel) 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11051098
doi:10.3390/jof10040263
PMID:38667934
A Geometric Morphometrics Approach to the Study of Natural Variations and Hybrid Detection in Populations of Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Alnus rohlenae Vít, Douda and Mandák Marković M, Vidaković V, Popović Z Plants (Basel) 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013130
doi:10.3390/plants13070993
PMID:38611522

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
Rhododendrin 442538 Click to see 328.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94574-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Abscisic acids and derivatives
(+)-Abscisic acid 5375200 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(=CC(=O)O)C)O)(C)C 264.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1469-8137.1983.TB03485.X
(4E)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 131954763 Click to see 264.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1469-8137.1983.TB03485.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(4aR,6aR,6aS,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 392170 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
Taraxerol 92097 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
Taraxerone 92785 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Glutinone 10071029 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C4CC=C5C(C4(CCC3(C2C1)C)C)CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Castasterone 133534 Click to see CC(C)C(C)C(C(C(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)O 464.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Brassinolides and derivatives
(1S,2R,4R,5S,7S,11R,12R,15S,16S)-15-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-9-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecan-8-one 154496275 Click to see 480.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
Brassinolide 115196 Click to see CC(C)C(C)C(C(C(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2COC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)O 480.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(1S,4R,5R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4,9,15-triacetyloxy-7,7,10,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-16-oxapentacyclo[10.3.1.01,12.03,9.06,8]hexadec-2-en-5-yl] benzoate 162817241 Click to see CC1CC23C(=O)C(C4(C5C(C5(C)C)C(C(C4=CC2(C1OC(=O)C)O3)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)OC(=O)C)C 580.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50045A033
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
1,4-Dihydroxy-2,5,6-trimethoxyxanthone 13831897 Click to see 318.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597819
4,6-Dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one 13831896 Click to see 288.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597819
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Betuletol 5459196 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)O 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
Kaempferide 5281666 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
Quercetagetin 5281680 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O)O)O 318.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90098-K
Tamarixetin 5281699 Click to see 316.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Isokaempferide 5280862 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90098-K
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin 5280442 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
Diosmetin 5281612 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90098-K
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Centaureidin 5315773 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)OC)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90098-K
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L
Pectolinarigenin 5320438 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90099-L

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