Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fdb59c74dc526143621
Scientific name Indigofera spicata
Authority Forssk.
First published in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 138 (1775)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Scientific model organism: Indigofera spicata is cultivated in greenhouse and field experiments to investigate legume–rhizobium symbiosis, nodulation signaling, and nitrogen‑fixation genetics. Its short annual lifecycle and manageable size facilitate high‑throughput phenotypic screens, and it serves as a comparative model for larger legume crops.
- Fodder and animal feed: The aboveground biomass, consisting of leaves, tender stems, and pods, is palatable to ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep. Agronomic trials report that the foliage provides a protein‑rich supplement, especially in regions where conventional forage is limited.
- Green manure/cover crop: Because it fixes atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic root nodules, the plant is incorporated as a green manure to enrich soil nitrogen pools. Its rapid growth and dense canopy also suppress weed emergence and reduce soil erosion in mixed‑cropping systems.
- Research teaching material: The species is used in university courses to demonstrate root nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and plant‑microbe interactions under controlled conditions.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- The vegetative parts are employed solely as livestock feed; no documented human food uses have been reported.

Properties relevant to use:
- Nitrogen‑fixation capacity: Root nodules formed with compatible rhizobia contain the nitrogenase enzyme, allowing the plant to convert atmospheric N₂ into ammonium, a trait directly exploited for soil fertility and as a protein source in animal diets.
- High protein and low fiber content: Analyses of harvested foliage indicate relatively high crude‑protein levels and a low C:N ratio, which promote rapid decomposition when used as green manure and enhance nutritional value for livestock.
- Fast vegetative growth and early flowering: The annual habit enables multiple harvests within a single growing season, supporting continuous fodder production and repeated green‑manure incorporation.
- Strong root system: The plant develops an extensive lateral root network that improves soil aggregation and contributes to erosion control.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivation requires minimal synthetic nitrogen inputs because the plant supplies its own nitrogen through symbiosis, lowering fertilizer costs and reducing environmental impacts.
- Suitable for smallholder and subsistence farming in tropical and subtropical regions, where its adaptability to low‑fertility soils makes it a valuable component of diverse cropping rotations.
- No evidence of large‑scale commercial exploitation; the plant is typically harvested from farmer‑managed fields or research plots, supporting local livestock production and soil‑management practices.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Anil spicata (Forssk.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl.2: 940 (1891)
Indigofera endecaphylla sensu auct.div., p.p.
Indigofera enneaphylla sensu auct.
Indigofera compressa sensu auct.
Indgofera spicata sensu auct.
Indgofera hendecaphylla sensu auct.
Indgofera endecaphylla sensu auct.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 穗花木藍
Chinese 十一叶木蓝
Chinese 穗序木蓝
Chinese 穗花木蓝

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Indigofera spicata var. brevicarpa J.B.Gillett Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 33: 34 (1959)
Indigofera spicata var. spicata Unknown

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Djibouti
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Pacific
    • South-central Pacific
      • Cook Islands
      • Society Islands
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Nauru
      • New Caledonia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil Southeast
      • Brazil West-central
    • Caribbean
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
      • Nicaragua
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000195409
Florida Plant Atlas 1817
Flora of Alabama 5382
Tropicos 13021056
INPN 629904
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:500027-1
The Plant List ild-4200
Open Tree Of Life 768126
NCBI Taxonomy 520841
Nature Serve 2.137288
IPNI 500027-1
iNaturalist 164063
GBIF 2971635
EPPO INDSP
EOL 684276
USDA GRIN 20052
Wikipedia Indigofera_spicata
CMAUP NPO22730

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Latrine site selection by African clawless otters, Aonyx capensis, and their behavior during latrine visitations Nicolaides SG, Mostert TH, McIntyre T J Mammal 17-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10838015
doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad118
PMID:38314440
Legume-nodulating rhizobia are widespread in soils and plants across the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i Abe JN, Dhungana I, Nguyen NH PLoS One 11-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10495000
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291250
PMID:37695782
Companion Plants of Tea: From Ancient to Terrace to Forest Wu H, Long X, Geng Y Plants (Basel) 25-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10490072
doi:10.3390/plants12173061
PMID:37687308
Strategies for the discovery of potential anticancer agents from plants collected from Southeast Asian tropical rainforests as a case study de Blanco EJ, Addo EM, Rakotondraibe HL, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD Nat Prod Rep 19-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10524867
doi:10.1039/d2np00080f
PMID:37194649
Antidiarrheal activities of methanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of the root of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophularaceae) in mice Worku SA, Tadesse SA, Abdelwuhab M, Asrie AB Heliyon 25-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10241862
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16386
PMID:37287619
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural prenylated flavonoids Lv HW, Wang QL, Luo M, Zhu MD, Liang HM, Li WJ, Cai H, Zhou ZB, Wang H, Tong SQ, Li XN Arch Pharm Res 14-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10101826
doi:10.1007/s12272-023-01443-4
PMID:37055613
Medicinal Uses of the Fabaceae Family in Zimbabwe: A Review Maroyi A Plants (Basel) 10-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10051751
doi:10.3390/plants12061255
PMID:36986943
Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF Plants (Basel) 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005506
doi:10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:36904005
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants utilized in the management of candidiasis in Northern Uganda Akwongo B, Katuura E, Nsubuga AM, Tugume P, Andama M, Anywar G, Namaganda M, Asimwe S, Kakudidi EK Trop Med Health 14-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9569084
doi:10.1186/s41182-022-00471-y
PMID:36242066
Medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in Ethiopia: a review of ethnomedicine, anti-malarial and toxicity studies Nigussie G, Wale M Malar J 10-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9463824
doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04264-w
PMID:36088324
Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice Melese Birru E, Adela Alemu M, Tsegaw Weredekal A, Belay Asrie A, Geta Mengistie M Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 18-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC10718905
doi:10.1155/2022/3426175
PMID:38094220
A Complete Review of Mexican Plants with Teratogenic Effects Chamorro-Cevallos G, Mojica-Villegas MA, García-Martínez Y, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Madrigal-Santillán E, Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González JA, Cristóbal-Luna JM Plants (Basel) 24-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9268836
doi:10.3390/plants11131675
PMID:35807626
Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge in Dawuro Zone of Southwestern Ethiopia Agize M, Asfaw Z, Nemomissa S, Gebre T J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9210772
doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00546-4
PMID:35729583
Trouble for Horses in Paradise: Toxicity and Fatality Resulting from the Consumption of Indigofera spicata (Fabaceae) on Oahu Island Ramadan MM, Dailey D Vet Sci 04-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9230839
doi:10.3390/vetsci9060271
PMID:35737323
Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Associated Risk Factors in sub-Saharan Africa Odukoya JO, Odukoya JO, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT Plants (Basel) 23-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9143319
doi:10.3390/plants11101387
PMID:35631812

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[4-(3-hydroxybutyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 73100600 Click to see 506.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/217354A0
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
Indospicine 108010 Click to see C(CCC(=N)N)CC(C(=O)O)N 173.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9700831
https://doi.org/10.1038/217354A0
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1,2,6-tris(3-nitropropanoate) 100274 Click to see 483.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.2600540809
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / 8-prenylated flavans / 8-prenylated flavanones
(+)-Purpurin 44559427 Click to see 424.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,3-Dihydrotephroglabrin 72189489 Click to see 364.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Morin 5281670 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricetin 5281672 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 318.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Avicularin 5490064 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside 5320861 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(2S)-7-methoxy-8-[(E)-3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 73349082 Click to see 352.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-8-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 52316190 Click to see CC(C)(C=CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)OC)O 338.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Rotenoids / Rotenones
Rotenolone 68184 Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4(C3=O)O)OC)OC 410.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Rotenone 6758 Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4C3=O)OC)OC 394.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Tephrosin 114909 Click to see 410.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Furanochalcones
(+)-Tephropurpurin 10047971 Click to see 424.40 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 73352153 73352153 Click to see CC1(C(C2C(O1)OC3=C2C(=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=CC4=CC=CC=C4)O)O)C 352.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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