Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In several South Asian and West African traditions Senna occidentalis is recorded as a leaf‑based infusion for sluggish digestion. In India the leaves are simmered or taken as a strong decoction for dysentery and cholera-like syndromes, and are applied as a poultice for fever and skin complaints (Hartwell, 1969). In Ghana, communities around Kumasi use a leaf decoction to treat constipation and dysentery, with leaves also prepared as a light tea for general digestive discomfort (Pieroni, 2008). Among Uganda’s Acholi, a root decoction is taken for abdominal pains and malaria-related fever (Hartwell, 1969). These mentions specify the plant part—leaf, seed, or root—brewed in water or used externally, and are associated with Indian, Ghanaian, and Ugandan practices.

A simple, documented leaf tea follows: roughly 1–2 teaspoons of fresh Senna occidentalis leaves per cup of near‑boiling water; cover and steep for 10–15 minutes. Alternatively, use 10–15 g of fresh leaves in 1 L of water, bring to a gentle boil and simmer for 10–15 minutes, then strain and cool. Expect mild, body‑warming relief for occasional constipation. Safety: because the plant contains anthraquinone laxatives, limit use to short periods; avoid in pregnancy, severe gastrointestinal disease, or with known allergy to Cassia/Senna (Hartwell, 1969).

The traditional laxative effect of this plant is consistent with its well‑characterized constituents. Across the Senna/Cassia complex, leaves and seeds accumulate anthraquinone glycosides—sennosides A and B, rhein, and emodin—that stimulate colon motility when fermented by gut bacteria. For Senna occidentalis, documentation exists of these anthraquinones in the leaves and seeds, giving a plausible basis for the observed digestive and dysentery uses (Malviya et al., 2011).

Modern interest remains strong: extracts and isolated anthraquinones are screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, while powdered leaf preparations are still used in local markets in parts of Africa and Asia (Malviya et al., 2011).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Roasted seed – used as a coffee substitute; the seeds are roasted, ground, and brewed to produce a beverage with a coffee‑like aroma.
- Cooked leaves – the young leaves are boiled, sautéed, or incorporated into soups as a green vegetable after heat treatment.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Bast fiber – fibers extracted from the stems are twisted into rope, twine, and small‑scale basketry.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Seed coffee – the roasted seeds are processed by grinding and brewing, yielding a non‑caffeinated coffee‑like drink.
- Leaf vegetable – the leaves are prepared by boiling or frying and used in traditional dishes as a leafy green.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark tannins – the bark contains condensed tannins that are employed in leather tanning.

Wood and fiber:
- Stem fiber – the stem provides a natural bast fiber used for cordage and simple woven items.

Properties relevant to use:
- The roasted seeds develop melanoidin‑type compounds that give a roasted aroma, supporting their use as a coffee substitute.
- Heat treatment of the leaves reduces oxalate and other anti‑nutrients, rendering them suitable for consumption.
- The bast fibers consist mainly of cellulose (≈70–80 %) with low lignin content, facilitating the production of strong, flexible rope.
- The bark is rich in condensed tannins (≈20 % of dry weight) that provide effective protein‑binding properties for tanning.

Standards and regulation:
- No plant‑specific standards exist for the coffee substitute or leaf vegetable uses; they fall under general food‑safety regulations (e.g., Codex Alimentarius, national food standards).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Senna occidentalis is a widely distributed, fast‑growing annual/perennial that often behaves as a weed; it can be cultivated as a cover crop or harvested from existing populations without significant habitat impact, and it is not listed as threatened.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Cassia occidentalis	L.	Sp. Pl.: 377 (1753)
Diallobus falcatus	(L.) Raf.	Sylva Tellur.: 128 (1838)
Cassia macradenia	Collad.	Hist. Nat. Méd. Casses: 132 (1816)
Cassia obliquifolia	Schrank	Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg2: 40 (1822)
Cassia planisiliqua	L.	Sp. Pl.: 377 (1753)
Cassia occidentalis var. aristata	Collad.	Hist. Nat. Méd. Casses: 108 (1816)
Cassia caroliniana	Walter	Fl. Carol.: 135 (1788)
Cassia ciliata	Raf.	Fl. Ludov.: 100 (1817)
Cassia falcata	L.	Sp. Pl.: 377 (1753)
Ditremexa occidentalis	(L.) Britton & Rose	N.L.Britton & P.Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands5: 372 (1924)
Cassia occidentalis	(L.) Rose
Ditramexa occidentalis	Britton & Rose
Senna orientalis	Walp.	Repert. Bot. Syst.1: 816 (1843)
Cassia papulosa	Hoffmanns.	Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 81 (1828)
Ditremexa caroliniana	(Walter) Raf.	Sylva Tellur.: 127 (1838)
Ditremexa fetida	Raf.	Sylva Tellur.: 127 (1838)
Psilorhegma planisiliqua	(L.) Britton & Rose	N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl.23: 255 (1930)
Cassia planisiliqua	Burm.f.	Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 96. 1768 [1 Mar-6 Apr 1768]
Cassia plumieri	DC.	Prodr.2: 506 (1825)
Senna andhrica	P.V.Ramana, J.Swamy & M.Ahmed.	Nordic J. Bot.37(1)-e02148: 2 (2018)
Senna occidentalis var. andhrica	(P.V.Ramana, J.Swamy & M.Ahmed.) K.W.Jiang	Phytotaxa512: 294 (2021)
Cassia glaucescens	Hoffmanns.	Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 1: 209 (1841)
Cassia occidentalis var. arista	sensu Hassk., non DC.
Cassia occidentalis var. glabra	Vogel	Gen. Cass. Syn. : 21 (1837)
Cassia foetida	Willemet	Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 32 (1796)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	septicweed
English	coffee senna
English	mogdad coffee
English	stephanie coffee
Azerbaijani	cassia torosa
Bambara	npalanpalan
Bengali	কলকাসুন্দা
dag	tikublaakum sabinle
Finnish	kahvisenna
ht	pwapyant
Indonesian	kasingsat
Japanese	はぶそう
Japanese	望江南
Japanese	ハブソウ
Kannada	ಆನೆಚಗಟೆ
Malayalam	ഊളൻ തകര
Malayalam	പൊന്നാവീരം
Burmese	ကစော့ပုပ်
nah	ehcapahtli
Nepali	ठूलो ताप्रे
Kinyarwanda	umuyoka
Sango	këngëlêbä
Tamil	பொன் ஆவாரை
Tamil	பொன்னாவாரை
Telugu	కసివింద
Telugu	కసింద
Thai	ชุมเห็ดเล็ก
Chinese	望江南子
Chinese	望江南

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
  - Cape Verde
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Ascension
  - Saint Helena
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Egypt
  - Libya
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Caprivi Strip
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
  - Swaziland
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Aldabra
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Kazan-retto
  - Korea
  - Ogasawara-Shoto
- Russian Far East
  - Primorye
- Western Asia
  - Iraq

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - South China Sea
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea
  - Solomon Islands

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Western Australia

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
- South-central U.S.A.
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Florida
  - North Carolina

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Line Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Nauru
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tokelau-manihiki
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Bahamas
  - Bermuda
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Paraguay
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000164430
UNII	N4U494DYS5
Florida Plant Atlas	218
Flora of Alabama	2056
USDA Plants	SEOC2
Tropicos	13032856
INPN	447052
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1117728-2
The Plant List	ild-1086
Open Tree Of Life	921074
Observations.org	186852
NCBI Taxonomy	126820
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0200003137
Nature Serve	2.144497
IUCN Red List	130525346
IPNI	1117728-2
iNaturalist	168847
GBIF	2957966
Freebase	/m/05q5nf7
EPPO	CASOC
EOL	418459
USDA GRIN	100059
Wikipedia	Senna_occidentalis
CMAUP	NPO12327
CMAUP	NPO30179

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Knowledge and practices of traditional management of child malnutrition and associated pathologies in Benin

Vissoh AC, Klotoé JR, Fah L, Agbodjento E, Koudokpon H, Togbe E, Saïdou S, Dougnon V

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11064319
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00684-x
PMID:	38693543

Antimicrobial, Herbicidal and pesticidal potential of Tunisian eucalyptus species: Chemoprofiling and biological evaluation

Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, Khammassi M, Dhaouadi F, Amri I, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V

Heliyon

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11076916
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29905
PMID:	38720723

Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology and Treatment of Snakebite Envenomation in West Africa: Case of Benin

Dossou AJ, Fandohan AB, Omara T, Chippaux JP

J Trop Med

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11018376
doi:	10.1155/2024/8357312
PMID:	38623180

Biosynthesis and assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles utilizing Cassia occidentalis L. seed

Arya A, Tyagi PK, Bhatnagar S, Bachheti RK, Bachheti A, Ghorbanpour M

Sci Rep

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10973378
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-57823-3
PMID:	38538702

The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction

Paré PS, Hien DF, Youba M, Yerbanga RS, Cohuet A, Gouagna L, Diabaté A, Ignell R, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O, Lefèvre T

Ecol Evol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963300
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11187
PMID:	38533352

Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by indigenous and local communities of Dugda District, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

Oda BK, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

09-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10924356
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00665-0
PMID:	38461267

Preserving Ethnoveterinary Medicine (EVM) along the Transhumance Routes in Southwestern Angola: Synergies between International Cooperation and Academic Research

Solazzo D, Moretti MV, Tchamba JJ, Rafael MF, Tonini M, Fico G, Basterrecea T, Levi S, Marini L, Bruschi P

Plants (Basel)

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10933900
doi:	10.3390/plants13050670
PMID:	38475516

Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market

Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO

Heliyon

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10920373
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:	38463810

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Zemede J, Mekuria T, Ochieng CO, Onjalalaina GE, Hu GW

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900619
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z
PMID:	38419092

Emergent trees in Colophospermum mopane woodland: influence of elephant density on persistence versus attrition

O’Connor T, Ferguson A, Clegg BW, Pallett N, Midgley JJ, Shimbani J

PeerJ

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10903334
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16961
PMID:	38426137

The influence of exotic and native plants on illnesses with physical and spiritual causes in the semiarid region of Piauí, Northeast of Brazil

da Silva PH, Ferreira Júnior WS, Zank S, do Nascimento AL, de Abreu MC

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10895823
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00667-y
PMID:	38409039

Inulin-Coated ZnO Nanoparticles: A Correlation between Preparation and Properties for Biostimulation Purposes

Gontrani L, Bauer EM, Casoli L, Ricci C, Lembo A, Donia DT, Quaranta S, Carbone M

Int J Mol Sci

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10932127
doi:	10.3390/ijms25052703
PMID:	38473955

Identification and Aggressiveness of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Bulb (Allium cepa L.) during Storage

Diabankana RG, Frolov M, Islamov B, Shulga E, Filimonova MN, Afordoanyi DM, Validov S

J Fungi (Basel)

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890437
doi:	10.3390/jof10020161
PMID:	38392833

Polyherbal Combinations Used by Traditional Health Practitioners against Mental Illnesses in Bamako, Mali, West Africa

Moussavi N, Mounkoro PP, Dembele SM, Ballo NN, Togola A, Diallo D, Sanogo R, Wangensteen H, Paulsen BS

Plants (Basel)

04-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857219
doi:	10.3390/plants13030454
PMID:	38337987

Aloe-emodin exhibits growth-suppressive effects on androgen-independent human prostate cancer DU145 cells via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: an in vitro and in silico study

Hussain T, Alafnan A, Almazni IA, Helmi N, Moin A, Baeissa HM, Awadelkareem AM, Elkhalifa AO, Bakhsh T, Alzahrani A, Alghamdi RM, Khalid M, Tiwari RK, Rizvi SM

Front Pharmacol

29-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10859413
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1325184
PMID:	38348349

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
(3R)-3,8,9-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-anthracen-1-one	90474067	Click to see CC1=CC2=CC3=C(C(=O)CC(C3)O)C(=C2C(=C1)O)O	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.274 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
(3S)-3,8,9-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	162965261	Click to see	302.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.971
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methyl-9(10H)-anthracenone	122635	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,8,9-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	21770758	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C3=C(CC(CC3=O)(C)O)C=C2C=C1OC)O)O	302.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.971
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(8-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-9,10-Dioxoanthracen-1-Yl)Oxyoxan-2-Yl)Methyl 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate	5315852	Click to see	568.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	162997385	Click to see	506.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097616
1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-8-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)anthracene-9,10-dione	13084798	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C4O)OC	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01945434
1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-8-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione	162904476	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C4O)OC	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01945434
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone	8512	Click to see	224.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,4,8-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methy lanthraquinone	13997239	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01938318
1,5,8-Trihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione	97560	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,8-Dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone	11253808	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01938318
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,6-dimethylanthracene-9,10-dione	21770756	Click to see	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.971
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-4a,9a-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione	24867638	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-anthracene-9,10-dione	49831797	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione	75298215	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC4=C(C(=C3)O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C=C(C=C5O)C)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone	2950	Click to see	240.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
7,7'-Biphyscion	189101	Click to see	566.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin	10207	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol	10208	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85047-2 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001285 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099447
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone	11796	Click to see	224.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin	3220	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001285 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099447 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
Emodin(1-)	25201450	Click to see	269.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Questin	160717	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans
(3S)-3,8,9-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-10-[(2S)-2,5,10-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-dihydroanthracen-9-yl]-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	21769374	Click to see CC1(CC2=C(C3=C(C(=CC(=C3)OC)O)C(=C2C(=O)C1)O)C4=C5CC(CC(=O)C5=C(C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)OC)O)(C)O)O	574.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
(3S)-3,8,9-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-10-[(2S)-2,5,10-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-dihydroanthracen-9-yl]-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	21769373	Click to see	588.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
3,8,9-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-10-(2,5,10-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-dihydroanthracen-9-yl)-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	14285099	Click to see CC1(CC2=C(C3=C(C(=CC(=C3)OC)O)C(=C2C(=O)C1)O)C4=C5CC(CC(=O)C5=C(C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)OC)O)(C)O)O	574.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
3,8,9-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-10-(2,5,10-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-dihydroanthracen-9-yl)-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	14285097	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C3CC(CC(=O)C3=C(C2=C1O)O)(C)O)C4=C5CC(CC(=O)C5=C(C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)OC)O)(C)O)OC	588.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
3,8,9-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-10-(2,5,10-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-dihydroanthracen-9-yl)-2,4-dihydroanthracen-1-one	12769730	Click to see	602.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(80)80222-5 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511
Singueanol I	21769372	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C3CC(CC(=O)C3=C(C2=C1O)O)(C)O)C4=C5CC(CC(=O)C5=C(C6=C(C(=C(C=C46)OC)C)O)O)(C)O)OC	602.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(80)80222-5
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
(1R,2S)-2-[4-[(3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol	53356315	Click to see	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
(1R,2S)-2-[4-[(3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-6-[4-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol	162950217	Click to see	810.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
Buddlenol C	353908	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC(CO)C(C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)OC	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
Hedyotisol B	15628159	Click to see	810.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,9-epoxylignans
(1S,2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[(2R,3S,4R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	102052097	Click to see	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
[(3S,4R,5S)-5-[4-[(1R,2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone	102052100	Click to see	630.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
[5-[4-[1,3-Dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone	162965179	Click to see	630.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	162902058	Click to see	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 1-monoacylglycerols
1-Monopalmitin	14900	Click to see	330.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099447
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099447
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles
2-(2-methylpropyl)-5-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazole	9855571	Click to see	166.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles / Substituted imidazoles / Phenylimidazoles
2-(2-methylpropyl)-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole	9920666	Click to see CC(C)CC1=NC=C(N1)C2=CC=CC=C2	200.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
Pinselin	5377796	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.274 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001285
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyridines
2-Ethyl-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine	9920468	Click to see CCC1=C(N2CCCCC2=N1)C	164.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Ethyl-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine	9942237	Click to see	164.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine	9855566	Click to see CC(C)C1=CN=C2N1CCCC2	164.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxazinanes / Morpholines
4-Methylmorpholine	7972	Click to see	101.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60173A026
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[(2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	163189262	Click to see	584.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
threo-Guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-dehydrodisinapyl ether	73813757	Click to see	584.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900460
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
Tocris-1610	6603986	Click to see CC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)C(=O)C)O)CC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C=CC(O3)(C)C)C(=O)C=CC4=CC=CC=C4)O)O	516.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	161496976	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	44257959	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	51136407	Click to see	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-Dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-chromen-4-one	503735	Click to see	574.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162903121	Click to see	560.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	44257724	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	560.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	74977466	Click to see	560.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
7-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromen-5-olate	25200543	Click to see	253.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cassiaoccidentalin A	503734	Click to see	560.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
Cassiaoccidentalin B	70698280	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one	163040450	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC)O)O	684.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321177
5-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one	74978561	Click to see	684.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321177
6-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-methoxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one	154497600	Click to see	592.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	154496805	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O)OC)O)O)O	506.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86758-8
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	92218152	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321177
7-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethoxychromen-4-one	163007591	Click to see	668.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969584
Npc85473	5385553	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321177
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	101010556	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O	590.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	154496319	Click to see	590.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	74977723	Click to see	590.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00437-9
Cassiaoccidentalin C	44258219	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O	590.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Coumestans
1,3-Dihydroxy-8,9-dimethoxy-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-6-one	11602329	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4OC3=O)O)O)OC	328.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001285 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097616 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.511

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Senna occidentalis

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