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Senegalia pennata

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64405f81d65ea155957797
Scientific name Senegalia pennata
Authority (L.) Maslin
First published in Nuytsia22: 466 (2012)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Timber (heartwood for structural beams, furniture)
- Charcoal (fuel, >85 % carbon)
- Firewood (≈19 MJ kg⁻¹)
- Bark tannin (hydrolyzable, leather tanning, brown dye)
- Bast fiber (rope, twine, woven mats)
- Kraft pulp (paper, packaging)

Industrial and craft applications:
- Wood supplies beams, furniture, tool handles, and engineered products such as particleboard.
- Charcoal fuels metal smelting, domestic heating, and provides a feedstock for activated carbon.
- Firewood serves rural heating, cooking, and small‑scale power.
- Bark tannins are used by tanneries for leather processing and as natural brown dyes for protein fibers.
- Bast fibers are spun into rope, twine, and woven mats for maritime and agricultural use.
- Kraft pulp yields high‑grade printing and packaging papers.

Colorants and tanning:
- Hydrolyzable tannins from bark give a natural brown dye for silk, wool, and leather; typical tannin content 20–30 % w/w.
- The hydrolyzable nature promotes dye fixation and is used in tanneries, meeting EN 13726 standards.

Wood and fiber:
- Heartwood density ≈0.85 g cm⁻³, suitable for beams, flooring, and furniture.
- Charcoal shows fixed carbon >85 % and ash

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 1090 (1806)
Mimosa pennata L. Sp. Pl.: 522 (1753)
Acacia pennata var. canescens Kurz J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist.45: 298 (1876 publ. 1877)
Acacia pennata var. heyneana Benth. London J. Bot.1: 516 (1842)
Mimosa megalodena Poir. J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5: 530 (1817)
Sericandra pennata (L.) Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 119 (1838)
Acacia grahamii Vajr. N.C.Nair & A.N.Henry, Fl. Tamil Nadu1(Add.): ii (1983)
Acacia prensans Lowe Bot. Mag.62: t. 3408 (1835)
Acacia pterophylla Hoffmanns. Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 202 (1824)
Inga tenerrima Jungh. ex Benth. F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh.: 270 (1852)
Mimosa ferruginea Rottler Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin4: 208 (1803)
Acacia horrida Span. Linnaea 15: 199 (1841)
Acacia canescens (Graham ex Kurz) Gamble Fl. Madras 1: 304 (1918)
Acacia pinnata Dalzell & A.Gibson Bombay Fl. : 87 (1861)
Senegalia pennata var. canescens (Graham ex Kurz) Sanjappa Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. Dicot. 1: 314 (2020)
Senegalia pennata var. heyneana (Benth.) Sanjappa Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. Dicot. 1: 314 (2020)
Acacia amblycarpa Graham ex Wall. Numer. List : n.° 5260 (1831)
Acacia concinna Wall. Numer. List : n.° 5250D (1831)
Acacia canescens var. fulva Haines Bot. Bihar Orissa : 327 (1922)
Acacia canescens var. albida Haines Bot. Bihar Orissa : 327 (1922)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 蛇藤
Chinese 臭菜藤
Chinese 加力酸藤
Chinese 印度藤儿茶
Chinese 羽叶金合欢

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Guinea
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001335076
Tropicos 100407985
INPN 925240
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77125575-1
Open Tree Of Life 3918372
NCBI Taxonomy 1341699
IUCN Red List 188134
IPNI 77125575-1
GBIF 8381471
USDA GRIN 468372
CMAUP NPO25538

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Camel urine as a potential source of bioactive molecules showing their efficacy against pathogens: A systematic review Amina R, Habiba R, Abouddihaj B Saudi J Biol Sci 25-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10940778
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103966
PMID:38495380
Study on medicinal food plants in the Gaoligongshan Biosphere Reserve, the richest biocultural diversity center in China Cheng Z, Lin S, Wu Z, Lin C, Zhang Q, Xu C, Li J, Long C J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 15-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10790445
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00638-9
PMID:38225656
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the indigenous community of the western region of Mizoram, India Ralte L, Sailo H, Singh YT J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 03-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10765666
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00642-z
PMID:38172927
Examining the physico-chemical, structural and thermo-mechanical properties of naturally occurring Acacia pennata fibres treated with KMnO4 Sheeba KR, Priya RK, Arunachalam KP, Shobana S, Avudaiappan S, Flores ES Sci Rep 24-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10673877
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46989-x
PMID:38001118
Wild edible plants and their cultural significance among the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China Liu S, Huang X, Bin Z, Yu B, Lu Z, Hu R, Long C J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 08-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10631048
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00623-2
PMID:37940945
Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Acacia—Raffia Natural Fiber Composite P K, Vijaya Ramnath BM, Palanikumar K Polymers (Basel) 30-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10422233
doi:10.3390/polym15153249
PMID:37571143
Origins and localization of Tai Lue food culture in Northern Thailand Krajangchom S 01-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10231961
doi:10.1186/s42779-023-00179-2
Exploration of the nutritional and carotenoids profiles of vegetables in Thai cuisine as potential nutritious ingredients Suttisansanee U, Thiyajai P, Inthachat W, Pruesapan K, Wongwathanarat K, Charoenkiatkul S, Sahasakul Y, Temviriyanukul P Heliyon 29-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10189170
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15951
PMID:37205996
Characterisation of Sodium Acetate Treatment on Acacia pennata Natural Fibres Sheeba KR, Priya RK, Arunachalam KP, Avudaiappan S, Maureira-Carsalade N, Roco-Videla Á Polymers (Basel) 23-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10181136
doi:10.3390/polym15091996
PMID:37177144
Plant ingredients in Thai food: a well-rounded diet for natural bioactive associated with medicinal properties Buathong R, Duangsrisai S PeerJ 01-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC9985418
doi:10.7717/peerj.14568
PMID:36879911
Traditional knowledge of plants used in hunting and fishing practices among Baka hunter-gatherers of eastern Cameroon Fongnzossie EF, Ngansop MT, Oishi T, Biwole AB, Biye EH, Ichikawa M J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 03-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9808952
doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00571-3
PMID:36597154
Recent advances to combat ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to essential oils Panda SK, Buroni S, Swain SS, Bonacorsi A, da Fonseca Amorim EA, Kulshrestha M, da Silva LC, Tiwari V Front Microbiol 06-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9763703
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029098
PMID:36560948
Mating Systems of Single Families and Population Genetic Diversity of Endangered Ormosia hosiei in South China Li F, Chen H, Liu S, Zhang H, Zhou Z Genes (Basel) 15-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9691010
doi:10.3390/genes13112117
PMID:36421791
Consensus docking and MM-PBSA computations identify putative furin protease inhibitors for developing potential therapeutics against COVID-19 Dankwa B, Broni E, Enninful KS, Kwofie SK, Wilson MD Struct Chem 14-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9470509
doi:10.1007/s11224-022-02056-1
PMID:36118173
Extracts from Cabbage Leaves: Preliminary Results towards a “Universal” Highly-Performant Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Mixture Arrais A, Testori F, Calligari R, Gianotti V, Roncoli M, Caramaschi A, Todeschini V, Massa N, Bona E Biology (Basel) 20-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9312816
doi:10.3390/biology11071080
PMID:36101458

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Methyl 5-acetyloxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6-hexahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylate 73067500 Click to see 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
Taepeenin D 11703693 Click to see 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
(4aS,8aS)-4,4,7,8,8a-pentamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6-hexahydronaphthalene 46888523 Click to see CC1=C(C2(CCCC(C2CC1)(C)C)C)C 206.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
4,4,7,8,8a-Pentamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6-hexahydronaphthalene 75227550 Click to see 206.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Octadecaenoic acid 172146 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02901545
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Lignoceric Acid 11197 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 368.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
1-(5-hydroxy-3-methylpentyl)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-ol 14239431 Click to see 310.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
5-(2-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)-3-methylpentanoic acid 3430304 Click to see 324.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
Labdanediol 11130717 Click to see 310.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
Labdanic Acid 11186394 Click to see 324.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Chromen-4-One 4475102 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 10211337 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 73758095 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 14048507 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 13988312 Click to see 462.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
Isorhamnetin 3-O-Rhamnoside 23634491 Click to see 462.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
Kaempfenol-3-rham(4)-gluc 21722030 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981596
Quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside 5320834 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP1000818
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Galangin 3-methyl ether 5281946 Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 284.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-4,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[[(10R,11S,12R,13S,15R)-3,4,5,22,23-pentahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11,12,13-tris[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-21-yl]oxy]benzoate 16157969 Click to see 1725.20 unknown via CMAUP database
alpha-Pedunculagin 13834142 Click to see C1C2C(C3C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O 784.50 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Pedunculagin 5320441 Click to see 784.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Castalagin 12302513 Click to see 934.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Casuarictin 73644 Click to see 936.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Ellagic Acid 5281855 Click to see 302.19 unknown via CMAUP database
Eugeniin 442679 Click to see 938.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Phyllyraeoidin 16170028 Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)OC8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)OC9C(OC(C(C9OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 1877.30 unknown via CMAUP database

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