Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe3830aeda068967547
Scientific name Mimusops caffra
Authority E.Mey. ex A.DC.
First published in Prodr. 8: 203 (1844)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Edible fruit (fresh, jam, jelly, fruit juice) harvested from the mature tree.
- Hard, dense heartwood used as timber, construction beams, poles and fuel wood.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Sawn and seasoned timber is employed in furniture making, cabinetry, tool handles, small‑scale construction and charcoal production.
- The bark is processed into a brown natural dye and is used in leather tanning, taking advantage of its high tannin content.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Fruit pulp is consumed fresh or cooked into jam, jelly and fruit drinks. No health claims are made.
- The fruit is processed into a sweet syrup used in traditional baked goods.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark extracts yield a reddish‑brown dye suitable for protein fibers.
- Tannins extracted from the bark are employed in leather tanning processes.

Wood and fiber:
- The heartwood, characterised by its high density and durability, is used for structural timber, poles, and charcoal.

Properties relevant to use:
- The wood’s high density (approximately 0.8–0.9 g cm⁻³) provides structural strength and resistance to decay.
- Bark contains significant amounts of tannins, enabling effective dyeing and leather tanning.
- The combination of durable heartwood and tannin‑rich bark supports a range of material applications.

Standards and regulation:
- Timber from the species is graded under South African National Standard SANS 1028‑2 for hardwoods, ensuring quality and safety for construction.
- Fruit intended for commercial sale complies with national food safety regulations (e.g., Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Populations occur in coastal and riverine forests; timber and fruit are harvested locally under community‑based management.
- Conservation concerns are noted, and sustainable harvesting practices, including selective cutting and fruit collection limits, are recommended to prevent over‑exploitation.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Kaukenia caffra Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 406 (1891)
Mimusops revoluta Hochst. Flora 27: 825 (1844)
Mimusops revoluta Baill. Hist. Pl. 11: 273 (1891)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English coastal red milkwood
English m. afra
Afrikaans kusrooimelkhout
Finnish dyynibaulapuu
nso mmupudu
ts ndzhole
xh umthunzi
Chinese 牛奶果
Zulu umkhakhayi

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Mozambique
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Kwazulu-Natal

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000244522
Tropicos 28700616
INPN 789621
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787870-1
The Plant List kew-128411
Open Tree Of Life 804000
NCBI Taxonomy 362720
IUCN Red List 149352180
IPNI 787870-1
iNaturalist 559525
GBIF 2883714
Freebase /m/0c00nds
EOL 1154224
USDA GRIN 24449
Wikipedia Mimusops_afra
CMAUP NPO6845
USDA GRIN 510300

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review Fakudze NT, Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 08-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10458058
doi:10.3390/ph16081117
PMID:37631032
Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A Cancers (Basel) 05-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10417502
doi:10.3390/cancers15153980
PMID:37568796
Characterization of Pseudofusicoccum Species from Diseased Plantation-Grown Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp., and Pinus massoniana in Southern China Li G, Wu W, Lu L, Chen B, Chen S Pathogens 08-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10142214
doi:10.3390/pathogens12040574
PMID:37111460
Molecular Dynamics Study on Selected Bioactive Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of HIV-1 Subtype C Protease Shode FO, Uhomoibhi JO, Idowu KA, Sabiu S, Govender KK Metabolites 21-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9695624
doi:10.3390/metabo12111155
PMID:36422295
Recent Advances in Antiviral Activities of Triterpenoids Liu Y, Yang L, Wang H, Xiong Y Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 21-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9607549
doi:10.3390/ph15101169
PMID:36297280
РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ КАК ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОТИВОВИРУСНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ SARS-COV-2 ИНФЕКЦИИ Душенков B, Душенкова A Paemi Sino 01-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC9553026
doi:10.25005/2074-0581-2022-24-1-113-122
PMID:36225268
Phylogenetic Reassessment, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of Codinaea and Similar Fungi Réblová M, Kolařík M, Nekvindová J, Réblová K, Sklenář F, Miller AN, Hernández-Restrepo M J Fungi (Basel) 20-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8704094
doi:10.3390/jof7121097
PMID:34947079
Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F Malar J 25-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8390284
doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0
PMID:34433465
Taxonomical re-examination of the genus Neofusicoccum in Japan Hattori Y, Ando Y, Nakashima C Mycoscience 20-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC9721510
doi:10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.008
PMID:37092171
Iso-mukaadial acetate and ursolic acid acetate inhibit the chaperone activity of Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 70-1 Salomane N, Pooe OJ, Simelane MB Cell Stress Chaperones 23-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8275760
doi:10.1007/s12192-021-01212-6
PMID:34023985
Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Symptomatic Citrus Plants in Europe Bezerra JD, Crous PW, Aiello D, Gullino ML, Polizzi G, Guarnaccia V Plants (Basel) 05-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC7999779
doi:10.3390/plants10030492
PMID:33807726
Medicinal plants as a fight against murine blood-stage malaria Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R, Thagfan FA, Qasem MA Saudi J Biol Sci 19-Dec-2020
PMCID:PMC7938113
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.014
PMID:33732056
Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient Li G, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Chen S IMA Fungus 15-Oct-2020
PMCID:PMC7560076
doi:10.1186/s43008-020-00043-x
PMID:33117629
The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019 Bekono BD, Ntie-Kang F, Onguéné PA, Lifongo LL, Sippl W, Fester K, Owono LC Malar J 18-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7236213
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03231-7
PMID:32423415
Morphological and molecular barcode analysis of the medicinal tree Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq. collected in Ecuador Bustamante K, Santos-Ordóñez E, Miranda M, Pacheco R, Gutiérrez Y, Scull R PeerJ 11-Oct-2019
PMCID:PMC6791349
doi:10.7717/peerj.7789
PMID:31616590

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Feruloyltyramine 5280537 Click to see 313.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
N-Caffeoyltyramine 9994897 Click to see 299.32 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates
Epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl)gallate 9804842 Click to see 472.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Epigallocatechin 3-O-(3,5-di-O-methylgallate) 9913276 Click to see 486.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Epigallocatechin Gallate 65064 Click to see 458.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
(2r,3s)-3,5,7,4'-Tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavanone 101034223 Click to see 348.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Epigallocatechin 72277 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O 306.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one 667495 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Eriodictyol 440735 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Myricetin 5281672 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 318.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 5316590 Click to see 616.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate 101044324 Click to see 584.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3''-O-Galloylmyricitrin 101248998 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O 616.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricetin 3-(6''-galloylgalactoside) 5319985 Click to see 632.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricetin 3-O-galactoside 5491408 Click to see 480.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricitrin 5281673 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercitrin 2''-O-Gallate 10031482 Click to see 600.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 12310452 Click to see 302.28 unknown via CMAUP database

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