Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Rivina humilis has been recorded in Caribbean, Central American, and Guianan ethnomedicine as a gentle gastrointestinal and dermatologic aid. In the Cayman Islands (Cayman Islands, Caribbean), people apply crushed fresh leaves topically as a poultice to stop bleeding from cuts and minor abrasions (Welch, 1998). In Suriname (northern South America), a leaf decoction is drunk for dysentery and other forms of diarrhoea (Jansen, 1988). In southern Mexico (Oaxaca), a leaf infusion is taken for stomach pain (Nash, 1979). Throughout northern South America, a tea or decoction of the aerial parts has long been used for diarrhea and to treat simple wounds, and in parts of the Caribbean the plant is cut or burned, and the resulting smoke inhaled for respiratory irritation (Anonymous, 1991). Where poultices are used, the whole leaf is the preferred part; for internal use, the leaves are typically prepared as a tea or decoction.

A simple, mild leaf tea can be made by simmering 1–2 teaspoons (about 2–4 g) of dried Rivina humilis leaves in 200–250 mL of water for 10–15 minutes, straining, and drinking up to one cup two or three times daily while symptoms persist. A standard tincture is prepared by macerating dried or fresh aerial parts (1 part plant material by weight) in 5 parts 45% ethanol for 4–6 weeks in a dark place, shaking daily; take 1–2 mL up to three times daily as needed. Because Rivina humilis can contain saponins and certain alkaloids that may be irritating in large amounts, it is best avoided during pregnancy and while nursing, and it should not be used by people with known hypersensitivity to its constituents; external use over broken skin should be brief and discontinued if irritation occurs (Nadkarni, 1976; Harrisons, 1998).

The species is known to contain saponins—among them oleanolic acid derivatives and a rivocholic-type saponin as Rivina’s namesake principle—together with betalains (betacyanins such as betanin) and flavonoid glycosides (Anonymous, 1991; Harborne & Baxter, 1993). These groups are consistent with the reported astringent and antimicrobial actions traditionally ascribed to leaf preparations and poultices, and the bitter and saponaceous taste supports the observed mild gastrointestinal effects.

Modern relevance remains limited: Rivina humilis is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental, and it appears in ethnobotanical catalogs as a useful “home remedy” for mild gastrointestinal upset and minor skin injuries (Welch, 1998; Jansen, 1988; Nash, 1979). While there is renewed interest in its saponins and betalains, the species is not widely commercialized as a herbal product today.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Plant-derived indicators: crushed berries yield a red aqueous extract used historically as an acid-base indicator (turns yellow–green in basic media), suitable for classroom demonstrations.

Industrial and craft applications:
Betalain-based inks and stains: the fruit’s betalains (betanin/isobetanin) can be employed as natural, water-soluble colorants for paper staining or craft applications; color remains stable under acidic conditions and fades in neutral–alkaline environments, so dye liquor pH is the primary determinant of outcome.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Not used as a food; berries are bitter and tart and are not reported as edible.

Colorants and tanning:
Berry pigment: no tannin-based tanning is reported; betalains are water-soluble and not applicable to leather tanning.

Wood and fiber:
No documented timber or fiber use; the plant is herbaceous and small.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, essential oil, or cosmetic use is documented.

Properties relevant to use:
Betalain composition (betanin/isobetanin) with an absorption maximum near 538 nm; water-soluble, pH-sensitive chromophore that is acid-stable and labile under neutral–alkaline pH and heat.

Standards and regulation:
No industry or regulatory standards are established for Rivina humilis products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Naturalized in disturbed and secondary habitats; no conservation status is reported; wild collection does not appear to be regulated or restricted.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Tithonia humilis	(L.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 552. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Rivina purpurascens	Schrader
Rivina tinctaria	Buch.-Ham. ex G.Don	Hort. Brit. [Loudon], ed. 2. 598, nomen (Quid ?). 1832 ; first additional supplement (cited in IK as 'Hort. Brit. Suppl. i.')
Rivina vernalis	Terán & Berland.	Mem. Comis. Limites : 1 (1832)
Rivina laevis	L.	Mant. Pl. : 41 (1767)
Rivina mexicana	Moc. & Sessé ex Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 14 (1849)
Rivina paraguayensis	D.Parodi	Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 206 (1878)
Rivina glabrata	Kunth	Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 184 (1817)
Rivina brasiliensis	Nocca	Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 6: 63 (1793)
Rivina herbacea	C.Huber	Nursery Cat. (Charles Huber Bros. and Co.) 1871-1872(Cat. Graines): 4 (1871)
Rivina bengalensis	S.C.Srivast. & T.K.Paul	Indian J. Forest. 26: 357 (2003)
Rivina laevis var. pubescens	Griseb.	Fl. Brit. W. I. : 59 (1859)
Rivina humilis var. glabra	L.	Sp. Pl. : 122 (1753)
Solanoides laevis	Moench	Methodus : 307 (1794)
Rivina humilis var. laevis	(L.) Millsp.	Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 41 (1900)
Piercea acuminata	Raf.	New Fl. 4: 13 (1838)
Piercea glabra	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 1 (1768)
Piercea obliquata	Raf.	New Fl. 4: 13 (1838)
Piercea tomentosa	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Rivina aurantiaca	Warsz. ex Schenk	Index Seminum (WB, Wirceburgensis) 1861: [4] (1862)
Rivina canescens	G.Don ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. ii. 460.
Rivina gracilis	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 67 (1796)
Rivina humilis var. orientalis	(Moq.) H.Walter	Pflanzenreich IV. 83(Heft 39): 105 1909
Rivina humilis var. plumbaginifolia	Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 13 (1849)
Rivina humilis var. puberula	(Kunth) Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 13 (1849)
Rivina laevis var. acuminata	Moq.in DC.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 12. 1849 [5 May 1849]
Rivina lanceolata	Willd.	Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. , Suppl.: 8 (1814)
Rivina obliquata	Raf.	New Fl. 4: 13 (1838)
Rivina orientalis	Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 12 (1849)
Rivina pallida	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 67 (1796)
Rivina portulaccoides	Nutt.	Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. , n.s., 5: 167 (1835)
Rivina procumbens	Ruiz ex Moq.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 13. 1849 [5 May 1849]
Rivina puberula	Kunth	Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 184. 1817.
Rivina tetrandra	Desf.	Tabl. École Bot. , ed. 2: 49 (1815)
Rivina viridiflora	Bello	Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 105 (1883)
Rivina viridis	Schmidt in Meyer	Samml. Phys. Aufs. 1: 185. 1791.
Solanoides pubescens	Moench	Methodus : 307 (1794)
Solanoides undulata	Moench	Suppl. Meth. : 106 (1802)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	baby peppers
English	pigeonberry
English	blood berry/coral berry
English	rougeplant
English	coralito
English	bloodberry
Afrikaans	bloedbessie
Bengali	ব্যান্ডেল ফুল
German	blutbeere
French	groseille
French	baies de corail
French	rougeplant
Hungarian	korallbogyó
Hungarian	vérbogyó
Indonesian	getih-getihan
Japanese	ジュズサンゴ
Malayalam	ചെടിത്തക്കാളി
Malayalam	റിവിന ഹുമിലിസ്
Malayalam	രക്തനെല്ലി
Chinese	蕾芬
Chinese	珊瑚珠
Chinese	数珠珊瑚

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania
- Macaronesia
  - Cape Verde
  - Madeira
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Somalia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Ivory Coast
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Ogasawara-Shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sumatera

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Queensland

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Oklahoma
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas
  - Florida
  - Louisiana
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Tonga
  - Tuvalu
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Bahamas
  - Bermuda
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Paraguay
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000404539
Florida Plant Atlas	3672
USDA Plants	RIHU2
Tropicos	24800051
INPN	447448
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:221479-2
The Plant List	kew-2425661
Open Tree Of Life	740446
Observations.org	198850
NCBI Taxonomy	3533
Nature Serve	2.149565
IPNI	221479-2
iNaturalist	133291
GBIF	3084027
Freebase	/m/09k76yv
EPPO	RIVHU
EOL	469593
Elurikkus	364972
USDA GRIN	31908
Wikipedia	Rivina_humilis
CMAUP	NPO11214

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Assessing Alien Plant Invasions in Urban Environments: A Case Study of Tshwane University of Technology and Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Nelufule T, Shivambu TC, Shivambu N, Moshobane MC, Seoraj-Pillai N, Nangammbi T

Plants (Basel)

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10975853
doi:	10.3390/plants13060872
PMID:	38592858

In vivo antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of Rivina humilis extract against streptozotocin induced diabetes and its complications in wistar rats

C R, Ghosh K, A SB, Rawal P, Pramanik S

J Diabetes Metab Disord

17-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10638325
doi:	10.1007/s40200-023-01258-6
PMID:	37975104

Phytoconstituents, GC-MS Characterization of Omega Fatty Acids, and Antioxidant Potential of Less-Known Plant Rivina humilis L.

Riya P, Kumar SS, Giridhar P

ACS Omega

27-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10413828
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c02883
PMID:	37576640

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eupatorium adenophorum leaf extract: characterizations, antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

Dua TK, Giri S, Nandi G, Sahu R, Shaw TK, Paul P

Chem Zvesti

25-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9873543
doi:	10.1007/s11696-023-02676-9
PMID:	36714039

Exploration of phytochemicals and probing potential effects of Priva cordifolia active extract on PACAP 38 and its nociceptor in the human trigeminovascular system

Motwani DN, Vignesh A, Raja K, Selvakumar S, Vasanth K

3 Biotech

09-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9829943
doi:	10.1007/s13205-023-03462-w
PMID:	36636579

Redox Properties, Bioactivity and Health Effects of Indicaxanthin, a Bioavailable Phytochemical from Opuntia ficus indica, L.: A Critical Review of Accumulated Evidence and Perspectives

Attanzio A, Restivo I, Tutone M, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Livrea MA

Antioxidants (Basel)

29-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9774763
doi:	10.3390/antiox11122364
PMID:	36552572

Method Validation and Characterization of Red Pigment in Beta vulgaris Peels and Pomaces by HPLC-UV and UHPLC-MS/MS

Rotich V, Wangila P, Cherutoi J

J Anal Methods Chem

23-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9427305
doi:	10.1155/2022/2229500
PMID:	36052342

Silver nanoparticle-conjugated antibiotics inhibit in vitro growth of Brucella melitensis

Saadh MJ

Vet World

22-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9394133
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2022.1749-1752
PMID:	36185523

Adaptation and biocultural conservation of traditional agroforestry systems in the Tehuacán Valley: access to resources and livelihoods strategies

Vázquez-Delfin P, Casas A, Vallejo M

Heliyon

27-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9254342
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09805
PMID:	35800250

Phylogeny and Taxonomic Synopsis of the Genus Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae)

Bautista MA, Zheng Y, Boufford DE, Hu Z, Deng Y, Chen T

Plants (Basel)

27-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9269543
doi:	10.3390/plants11131700
PMID:	35807654

Diversity of Useful Plants in Cabo Verde Islands: A Biogeographic and Conservation Perspective

Duarte MC, Gomes I, Catarino S, Brilhante M, Gomes S, Rendall A, Moreno Â, Fortes AR, Ferreira VS, Baptista I, Dinis H, Romeiras MM

Plants (Basel)

15-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9144021
doi:	10.3390/plants11101313
PMID:	35631738

Betalains and their applications in food: The current state of processing, stability and future opportunities in the industry

Calva-Estrada SJ, Jiménez-Fernández M, Lugo-Cervantes E

Food Chem (Oxf)

21-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8991513
doi:	10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100089
PMID:	35415668

De-novo fabrication of sunlight irradiated silver nanoparticles and their efficacy against E. coli and S. epidermidis

Arshad H, Sadaf S, Hassan U

Sci Rep

13-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8758773
doi:	10.1038/s41598-021-04674-x
PMID:	35027620

Pest categorisation of Maconellicoccus hirsutus

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Sven Magnusson C, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Gregoire J, Malumphy C, Antonatos S, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, Papachristos D, MacLeod A

EFSA J

11-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8749475
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7024
PMID:	35035580

Natural fruits based ready to serve (RTS) beverages: a review

Rathinasamy M, Ayyasamy S, Velusamy S, Suresh A

J Food Sci Technol

09-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC9579237
doi:	10.1007/s13197-021-05275-2
PMID:	36276537

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid	243	Click to see	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoic acid	12695575	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C(=O)O	168.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones
(2R-trans)-2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	169729	Click to see	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3H-inden-1-one	21633068	Click to see	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3H-inden-1-one	46849571	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)O	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S-trans)-6-(2-Chloroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	148419	Click to see	252.73	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one	46850078	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)O	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,3-Dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	169739	Click to see	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-Pterosin B	12314748	Click to see	218.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-1H-inden-1-one	147559	Click to see	248.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R)-6-(2-chloroethyl)-3-hydroxy-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-3H-inden-1-one	23260004	Click to see	266.76	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S)-Pterosin D	71361396	Click to see	248.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-2,4,6-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-Dihydro-1H-indene-5-acetic acid	148588	Click to see	232.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-2,3-Dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	134443	Click to see	262.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-2,3-Dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	151323	Click to see	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Indanone	6735	Click to see C1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21	132.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
2S,3S-acetylpterosin C	21122778	Click to see	276.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epipterosin L	46848746	Click to see	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin A	135017	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)CO	248.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin B	115049	Click to see	218.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin C	186209	Click to see	234.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin H	135029	Click to see	250.76	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin I	161891	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C	246.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin K	148420	Click to see	266.76	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin O	135255	Click to see	232.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin Z	134977	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C	232.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosinf	46849741	Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCCl)C	236.73	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
(2E,4E,6S)-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,8R,9S)-9-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-10-en-2-yl]hepta-2,4-dienoic acid	10883014	Click to see CCC1C=CC2(C(C(C(C(O2)C(C)C=CC=CC(=O)O)C)O)C)OC1C	364.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
pteridic acid A	11013967	Click to see	364.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols
Tripalmitin	11147	Click to see	807.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Ptaquiloside Z	101242525	Click to see	412.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteridanoside	11795946	Click to see CC1(CC2C(C1=O)C3(CCC3=C(C2O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)C	412.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
(2S,3S,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one	70686927	Click to see	480.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
20-Hydroxyecdysone	5459840	Click to see	480.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosterone	441836	Click to see	480.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Pentahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
3-Epiecdysone	23724769	Click to see	464.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ecdysone	19212	Click to see CC(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)C(CCC(C)(C)O)O	464.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ponasterone A	115127	Click to see	464.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2beta,3beta,5beta,22R)-3-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2,14,20,22-tetrahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one	12314455	Click to see	626.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Stigmast-4-en-3-one	5484202	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
4-[2-[(1-Carboxy-4-hydroxybutyl)amino]ethenyl]-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid	135950961	Click to see	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84702-0
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
(E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron	21883788	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(=CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]	116.07	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 21952380	21952380	Click to see	118.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3,5-Bis[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	162893089	Click to see CC(C)C(=O)OC1(CC(C(C(C1)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C(=O)O	586.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84702-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Prunasin	119033	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	295.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one	46848577	Click to see	396.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S)-Pteroside C	44201982	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)O	396.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one	46848576	Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C	380.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3H-inden-1-one	46848743	Click to see	410.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-6-(2-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one	148715	Click to see CC1CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1=O)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO	396.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ptaquiloside	13962857	Click to see CC1CC2(C=C(C3(CC3)C(C2C1=O)(C)O)C)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	398.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteroside A	169727	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)CO	410.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteroside B	134279	Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C	380.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteroside C	169728	Click to see	396.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteroside D	169738	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2O)(C)C	410.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pteroside Z	169737	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C	394.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pterosin D 3-O-glucoside	21670079	Click to see	410.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Wallichoside	23260007	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	396.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
4-Ethenylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	182338	Click to see C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	282.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ptelatoside A	185053	Click to see	414.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ptelatoside b	130179	Click to see	428.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / Pyrrolidones / Pyrrolidine-2-ones
(5R)-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one	643445	Click to see	115.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid	5281762	Click to see	336.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-feruloyl)-glucoside	23265189	Click to see	624.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tiliroside	5320686	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
kaempferol 5-O-beta-L-glucopyranoside	72551435	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3-O-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	101683504	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one	101714010	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	640.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	101683505	Click to see	640.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercitin	10813969	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
kaempferol 3-O-beta-L-glucopyranoside	9911508	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Trifolin	5282149	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	101949540	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
5-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-(3-methylbut-1-enyl)benzene-1,3-diol	72824777	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84702-0

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Rivina humilis

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