Common products:
• Cut-flowers and dried flowers; grown as ornamental in borders and meadow-style plantings.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• Flowers occasionally used as edible decoration or garnish; sometimes candied or infused in syrups and liqueurs, employing standard confectionery processes.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Inflorescences and foliage contain volatile components (e.g., eugenol, benzoic acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids). Extracts are used as natural fragrance notes in perfumery and aromatic products; flowers also appear in potpourri.

Properties relevant to use:
• Essential oil composition with benzoic acid derivatives and phenolics; relatively low saponification value oils with moderate unsaturation; delicate floral odor profile suitable for top-note applications.

Standards and regulation:
• Food use of flowers as ingredients falls under general national food additive and novel-food frameworks where applicable; cosmetic use follows the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) standards and regional cosmetics regulations (e.g., EU Cosmetic Regulation).

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Harvesting from wild populations is restricted; cultivation is recommended to meet supply while preserving wild stocks; common practices include harvesting inflorescences at peak bloom and careful drying to retain fragrance quality.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Silene superba	(L.) E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 5: 116. 1901.
Caryophyllus superbus	(L.) Moench	Methodus: 59. 1794.
Cylichnanthus fimbriatus	(Lam.) Dulac	Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 262. 1867.
Dianthus contortus	Sm.	Cycl.: 11. 1808.
Dianthus fimbriatus	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 2: 538. 1779.
Dianthus multifidus	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 162. 1782.
Dianthus plumarius	Gunnerus ex Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 2: 379. 1825.
Dianthus revolutus	Tausch	in Flora 13: 245. 1830.
Dianthus schizopetalus	Wallr.	in Linnaea 14: 570. 1840.
Dianthus superbus f. leucanthus	T.Shimizu	in J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 120. 1989.
Dianthus superbus subsp. norvegicus	M.Kuzmina	Fl. Vostoch. Evropy 11: 294. 2004.
Dianthus szechuensis	F.N.Williams	in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 428. 1899.
Dianthus wimmeri	Wich.	in Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1854: 75. 1854.
Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus	Iljinski	in Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 14: 25. 1915.
Dianthus superbus f. albus	Popov	in Konspekt Fl. Pober. Baikal: 213. 1966.
Dianthus superbus subsp. silvestris	Čelak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3: 508. 1875.
Dianthus superbus var. subobtusus	Regel & Herder	in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 532. 1866.
Dianthus superbus var. rubicundus	Ser.	Prodr. 1: 365. 1824.
Plumaria superba	(L.) Opiz	Seznam: 75. 1852.
Plumaria revoluta	(Tausch) Opiz	Seznam: 75. 1852.
Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus	Honda	in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 140. 1938.
Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus	Tatew.	Veg. Shikotan Is.: 32. 1940.

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	fringed pink
English	large pink
Azerbaijani	parlaq qərənfil
Azerbaijani	bəzəkli qərənfil
Belarusian	гваздзік пышны
Bulgarian	превъзходен карамфил
Catalan	oeillet superbe
Czech	hvozdík pyšný
Czech	hvozdík pyšný pravý
Danish	strand-nellike
German	pracht-nelke
German	oeillet superbe
German	prachtnelke
Estonian	aasnelk
Persian	سوپرباس دیانتوس
Finnish	pulskaneilikka
French	oeillet superbe
French	Œillet superbe
Upper Sorbian	wosebnička
Upper Sorbian	wosebna nalika
Hungarian	buglyos szegfű
Japanese	エゾカワラナデシコ
Korean	술패랭이꽃
Lithuanian	puošnusis gvazdikas
Lithuanian	oeillet superbe
Latvian	krāšņā neļķe
Norwegian Bokmål	silkenellik
Dutch	prachtanjer
Polish	goździk pyszny
Russian	Гвоздика пышная
Yakutian	Өҥөр
se	riessanellet
Slovak	klinček pyšný
Slovenian	čudoviti klinček
Serbian	Ибришим каранфил
Swedish	oeillet superbe
Swedish	praktnejlika
Ukrainian	Гвоздика гарна
Chinese	瞿麦
Chinese	瞿麥
Chinese	山猫儿

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris	Kablík. ex Čelak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 508. 1875.
Dianthus superbus subsp. autumnalis	Oberd.	Pfl. Exkurs. Fl.: 359. 1979.
Dianthus superbus subsp. stenocalyx	(Trautv. ex Juz.) Kleopow	in Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 14: 137. 1932.
Dianthus superbus subsp. superbus

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Dianthus superbus var. amoena	Nakai	in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 520. 1930.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Qinghai
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Kamchatka
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Magadan
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000644338
UNII	GUB332739C
USDA Plants	DISU12
Tropicos	6301519
INPN	94833
Flora of Italy	971
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:153941-1
The Plant List	kew-2764999
Missouri Botanical Garden	279096
Open Tree Of Life	432192
Observations.org	2476
NCBI Taxonomy	288950
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000005440
IPNI	153941-1
iNaturalist	447244
GBIF	6363496
Freebase	/m/0fxrd7
EPPO	DINSU
EOL	2873164
Elurikkus	4309
USDA GRIN	13866
Wikipedia	Dianthus_superbus
Plantarium	13189

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Nose of dog, eye of elk, and wolf’s liver: exploring the interconnectedness of Indigenous health and foraging among the Dukha reindeer herders of Mongolia

Hatcherson J

Int J Circumpolar Health

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11028006
doi:	10.1080/22423982.2024.2343454
PMID:	38634711

How to successfully improve the biodiversity of city grasslands?

Mollashahi H, Szymura TH, Szymura M

Heliyon

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955310
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27810
PMID:	38515666

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Yi people in Mile, Yunnan, China

Li H, Huang C, Li Y, Wang P, Sun J, Bi Z, Xia S, Xiong Y, Bai X, Huang X

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893717
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00656-1
PMID:	38395900

Approaches, Strategies and Procedures for Identifying Anti-Inflammatory Drug Lead Molecules from Natural Products

Jamtsho T, Yeshi K, Perry MJ, Loukas A, Wangchuk P

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974486
doi:	10.3390/ph17030283
PMID:	38543070

Antibacterial Metabolites Produced by Limonium lopadusanum, an Endemic Plant of Lampedusa Island

Gargiulo E, Roscetto E, Galdiero U, Surico G, Catania MR, Evidente A, Taglialatela-Scafati O

Biomolecules

22-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10813400
doi:	10.3390/biom14010134
PMID:	38275763

Impact of Preparative Isolation of C-Glycosylflavones Derived from Dianthus superbus on In Vitro Glucose Metabolism

Lin Z, Zhou X, Yuan C, Fang Y, Zhou H, Wang Z, Dang J, Li G

Molecules

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10820209
doi:	10.3390/molecules29020339
PMID:	38257252

Complete chloroplast genome of Tricyrtis xianjuensis Li, Chen & Ma 2014 (Liliaceae): a species endemic to Zhejiang province, China

Huang L, Lu Z, Wang J, Bao H, Zhang H, Jiang M

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10776049
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2301021
PMID:	38197054

Sexual dimorphism and female advantage hypothesis in the gynomonoecious-gynodioecious Dianthus plumarius (Caryophyllaceae)

Gavini SS

AoB Plants

28-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10712218
doi:	10.1093/aobpla/plad084
PMID:	38090391

Which Plant Species for Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Environment?

Leotta L, Toscano S, Romano D

Plants (Basel)

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10708222
doi:	10.3390/plants12233985
PMID:	38068621

A review of the research progress on Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control

Zou T, Wang J, Wu X, Yang K, Zhang Q, Wang C, Wang X, Zhao C

Heliyon

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10696046
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22153
PMID:	38058630

Complete chloroplast genomes of Cerastium alpinum, C. arcticum and C. nigrescens: genome structures, comparative and phylogenetic analysis

Milarska SE, Androsiuk P, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Maździarz M, Larson KW, Giełwanowska I

Sci Rep

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10618263
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-46017-y
PMID:	37907682

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance active ingredients of medicinal plants: a quantitative analysis

Yuan ML, Zhang MH, Shi ZY, Yang S, Zhang MG, Wang Z, Wu SW, Gao JK

Front Plant Sci

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10623335
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1276918
PMID:	37929165

Morphometric Characteristics and Genetic Issr Marker Variability in Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in Different Ecological and Geographic Conditions in the Altai Republic

Dorogina OV, Kuban IN, Achimova AA, Williams N, Lashchinskiy NN, Zhmud EV

Int J Mol Sci

16-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607822
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015224
PMID:	37894905

Arula-7 powder improves diarrhea and intestinal epithelial tight junction function associated with its regulation of intestinal flora in calves infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli O1

Chen H, Jia Z, He M, Chen A, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang C

Microbiome

05-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10403850
doi:	10.1186/s40168-023-01616-9
PMID:	37542271

Biochar and Seed Priming Technique with Gallic Acid: An Approach toward Improving Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Features of Solanum melongena L. under Induced NaCl and Boron Stresses

Shumaila, Ullah S, Shah W, Hafeez A, Ali B, Khan S, Ercisli S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS

ACS Omega

26-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10763624
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c01720
PMID:	38173954

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Anilides / Aromatic anilides / Benzanilides
4-Methoxydianthramide B	11438059	Click to see	301.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP040036V
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968415	Click to see	827.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969618
3-hydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968418	Click to see	664.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969618
3-hydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968417	Click to see	827.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969618
3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968420	Click to see	648.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969692
8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968419	Click to see	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969692 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968414	Click to see	1135.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969617
8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	11968416	Click to see	1121.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969618
Dianoside A	441919	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C(=O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	811.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969617 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
Dianoside G	125937	Click to see	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969692 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
Vaccaroside A	45272283	Click to see	1135.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Oligopeptides
cyclo[Ala-D-Tyr-Asn-Phe-Gly-D-Ile]	154496472	Click to see	665.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00857-1
cyclo[Ala-Tyr-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu]	100927169	Click to see CC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CC(C)C)CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(=O)N)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O	665.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00857-1
cyclo[Gly-Pro-Ile-Phe-Phe-Pro]	100927170	Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)N1)CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC5=CC=CC=C5	658.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00857-1
Dianthin E	21589729	Click to see	600.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2012.01.058
Dianthin G	57328762	Click to see CC(C)CC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N1)CC3=CC=CC=C3)CC(C)C)C(C)O	628.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2012.01.058
Dianthin H	57328763	Click to see	614.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2012.01.058
Longicalycinin A	11319474	Click to see C1CC2C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N2C1)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC5=CC=CC=C5	611.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	126	Click to see	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthenes
Erythrosine	3259	Click to see	835.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00857-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids
Dihydroferulic Acid	14340	Click to see	196.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200537185

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Dianthus superbus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top