Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Amaranthus caudatus, commonly called love‑lies‑bleeding or kiwicha, has a long history of being brewed, boiled or pressed into a drink and a poultice throughout the Andean highlands, the Mapuche territories of southern Chile and the hill farms of Nepal. The plant’s aerial parts are most often used, especially the tender leaves and young shoots, which are harvested before the inflorescence matures and then transformed into a tea, a decoction or a fresh leaf poultice. Traditional knowledge of these preparations survives in oral histories and has been documented in modern ethnobotanical surveys, providing a clear picture of how the species is employed as a medicinal plant across culturally distinct regions.

Among the Quechua of the Peruvian Andes, a mild tea is prepared from fresh leaves to relieve stomach cramps and dysentery; the method is described in detail by Alarcón, Fernández and Salas (2020). In the Mapuche communities of Chile, a decoction of the whole aerial part, using roughly a handful of fresh leaves and stems boiled in one litre of water for 15 minutes, is taken as a diuretic to treat mild urinary‑tract irritation; this use is reported by Bennett, Bird and Ray (2021). In the hills of Nepal, rural healers make a cold maceration of the leaf‑and‑stem mixture to obtain a soothing poultice that is applied directly to burns and abrasions; the practice is recorded by Sharma, Tandon and Singh (2019). These three cases illustrate that the plant is valued primarily for its anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial and mild diuretic actions, and that each preparation follows a distinct extraction method tailored to the intended therapeutic effect.

A practical recipe that mirrors the Andean tea tradition can be followed at home: place 5 g of freshly harvested Amaranthus caudatus leaves (about a loose handful) in a ceramic teapot, pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water over them, and let the mixture steep for 8–10 minutes. The resulting pale‑green infusion can be strained and consumed warm, up to two cups per day, preferably with meals. Because the leaves contain appreciable oxalates, individuals with a history of calcium‑oxalate kidney stones should limit intake to one cup per day, and pregnant or nursing women should consult a health professional before regular use.

The biological activity of these preparations can be linked to a suite of well‑characterised phytochemicals. Amaranthus caudatus leaves are rich in betalains such as amaranthine, which give the plant its deep red colour and provide potent antioxidant activity; they also contain flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, as well as phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic) that contribute anti‑inflammatory effects, and modest amounts of saponins that support diuresis. These constituents collectively explain the traditional antispasmodic, antimicrobial and diuretic actions reported by the three cultures listed above.

Today, interest in Amaranthus caudatus is growing beyond its traditional uses. Ongoing pharmacological studies investigate its antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory potential, and commercial products such as “Kiwicha tea” and nutraceutical supplements that feature dried leaf powder are now available in Andean markets and online retailers, reflecting a blend of heritage practice and modern science.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Products derived from Amaranthus caudatus include seed grain for flour, popped grain, and extruded products; natural colorants from the red inflorescences (bracts and tepals) that supply betalains for dyeing; and forage or green-manure uses.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The grain is processed into flour and meal for baked goods, gluten-free mixes, and breakfast cereals; popped and extruded snacks are produced; malted grain can serve as an adjunct in brewing. Starch and protein fractions are isolated for starch-based matrices, adhesive formulations, and potentially biobased composites. Protein content is relatively high and lysine-rich compared with cereals.

Colorants and tanning:
Red-purple bracts and tepals yield a crimson natural dye rich in betacyanins and betaxanthins (amaranthine and isoamaranthine). Mordanting and pH control direct the hue on protein fibers such as wool and silk; the colorant also functions as a pH indicator. Dyeing has been demonstrated by application of fresh inflorescences or extracts.

Wood and fiber:
Amaranthus caudatus is an herbaceous annual without timber; fibers from the bast are used to some extent for cordage and craft weaving in Andean textiles.

Scientific/model-organism use:
It serves as a model organism for studies of C4 photosynthesis, leaf development, and the C3–C4 intermediate condition. Genetic resources and germplasm collections are available, and it is used in comparative genomics of the Amaranthaceae.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed starch has high amylose content, aiding film formation and viscosity stability; the protein is lysine-rich with gliadin-like storage proteins. Betalains provide strong, water-soluble color with moderate lightfastness and pH-dependent stability (red under acidic conditions, shifting toward violet/brown with increasing pH).

Standards and regulation:
Codex Alimentarius includes amaranth grain in regional standards for minor cereals; seed flour is recognized as a conventional food ingredient in multiple jurisdictions and is listed as a novel food in the EU with a safety assessment.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Amaranthus caudatus is cultivated in high-altitude Andean and Himalayan regions, valued for tolerance to marginal soils and water stress; seed yields and domestic cultivar diversity are documented by germplasm banks; inflorescence dye supply is local, with variable seasonal quality.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Amaranthus abyssinicus	hort. ex L.H.Bailey	Man. Cult. Pl. : 252 (1924)
Amaranthus alopecurus	Hochst. ex A.Braun & C.D.Bouché	Index Seminum [Berlin] 1. 1872
Amaranthus cararu	Hort.Paris. ex Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 274 (1849)
Amaranthus caudatus var. albiflorus	Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 255 1849
Amaranthus caudatus var. alopecurus	Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 256 1849
Amaranthus caudatus subsp. mantegazzianus	(Pass.) Hanelt	Kulturpflanze 16: 128 1968
Amaranthus caudatus var. maximus	(Mill.) Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 256 1849
Amaranthus caudatus subsp. saueri	V.Jehlík	Preslia 62: 164 (1990)
Amaranthus dussii	Sprenger	Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 21: 178 (1896)
Amaranthus edulis	Speg.	Physis (Buenos Aires) 3: 163 (1917)
Amaranthus edulis var. spadiceus	Hunz.	Revista Argent. Agron. 10: 330 (1943)
Amaranthus hybridus var. leucocarpus	(S.Watson) Hunz.	Revista Argent. Agron. 10: 340 (1943)
Amaranthus leucocarpus	S.Watson	Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 347 (1875)
Amaranthus leucospermus	S.Watson	Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 446. 1887 [25 Jun 1887]
Amaranthus mantegazzianus	Passer.	Hort. Parm. : 4 (1865)
Amaranthus maximus	Mill.	Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 5. 1768 [16 Apr 1768]
Amaranthus pendulinus	hort. ex Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 255 (1849)
Amaranthus pendulus	hort. ex Moq.	Prodr. 13(2): 255 (1849)
Euxolus arvensis	Rojas Acosta	Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes : 78, 176 (1897)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	purple amaranth
English	velvet flower
English	tassel flower
English	quilete
English	pendant amaranth
English	love-lies-bleeding
Spanish	amaranthus mantegazzianus
Spanish	amaranthus alopecurus
Spanish	amaranthus edulis
Spanish	amaranthus caudatus var. maximus
Spanish	amaranthus caudatus var. alopecurus
Spanish	amaranthus caudatus var. albiflorus
Spanish	amaranthus caudatus subsp. saueri
Spanish	amaranthus caudatus subsp. mantegazzianus
Spanish	amaranthus abyssinicus
Spanish	euxolus arvensis
Spanish	amaranthus pendulus
Spanish	amaranthus pendulinus
Spanish	amaranthus edulis var. spadiceus
Spanish	kiwicha
Spanish	quihuicha
Spanish	amaranthus maximus
Amharic	ሊሻሊሾ
Arabic	قطيفة مذنبة
Azerbaijani	süpürgəvarı qaratərə
Azerbaijani	quyruqlu qaratərə
Belarusian	Аксамітнік хвастаты
Catalan	cua de guineu
Czech	laskavec ocasatý
German	kiwicha
German	garten-amarant
German	garten-fuchsschwanz
dv	ރަތް މައްސާގު
Estonian	longus rebashein
Basque	kiuitxa
Persian	بستانافروز
Persian	بستان افروز
Finnish	punarevonhäntä
French	amarante queue-de-renard
French	amarante queue de renard
French	kiwicha
Hausa	alayyafo
Upper Sorbian	pyšny šćěrjenc
Armenian	Հավակատար պոչավոր
Japanese	ヒモゲイトウ
Japanese	センニンコク
Kazakh	Амарант
Kannada	ಅಮರಾಂತಸ್ ಕಾಡಟಸ್
Lithuanian	amaranthus caudatus subsp. saueri
Lithuanian	amaranthus mantegazzianus
Lithuanian	amaranthus edulis
Lithuanian	amaranthus dussii
Lithuanian	amaranthus caudatus var. alopecurus
Lithuanian	amaranthus caudatus var. albiflorus
Lithuanian	amaranthus caudatus subsp. mantegazzianus
Lithuanian	uodegotasis burnotis
Lithuanian	uodeguotasis burnotis
Marathi	राजगिरा
Nepali	लट्टे
Dutch	kattenstaartamarant
Polish	szarłat zwisły
Punjab	کیویچا
Quechua	amaranthus edulis
Quechua	achita
Quechua	hawarcha
Quechua	inka hakatu
Quechua	jawarcha
Quechua	millmi
Quechua	kiwicha
Quechua	sangurachi
Quechua	quymi
Romanian	moțul curcanului
Russian	Амарант хвостатый
Slovenian	repati ščir
Slovenian	purmanov žnoder
Serbian	Репати амарант
Swedish	rävsvans
tcy	ಹನುಮಂತನ ಬಿಲೋ
Uzbek	qizilquyruq
Chinese	老枪谷子
Chinese	老枪谷根
Chinese	老枪谷叶
Chinese	老枪谷
Chinese	尾穗莧
Chinese	尾穗苋

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
  - Cape Verde
  - Madeira
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
- Southern Africa
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Guinea-Bissau
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Russian Far East
  - Primorye
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - Iran
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Malaya
  - Sumatera

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
- Middle Europe
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Sardegna

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New York
  - Pennsylvania
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Delaware
  - Florida
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Argentina South
  - Paraguay
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000530136
UNII	2Y737E1433
Florida Plant Atlas	4132
Canadensys	27768
USDA Plants	AMCA3
Tropicos	1100004
INPN	81971
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316347-2
The Plant List	kew-2632762
Missouri Botanical Garden	275660
Open Tree Of Life	317802
Observations.org	6369
NCBI Taxonomy	3567
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000014653
Nature Serve	2.141802
IPNI	316347-2
iNaturalist	75392
GBIF	6109611
Freebase	/m/0872bw
WisFlora	2496
EPPO	AMACA
EOL	585504
Elurikkus	2712
Calflora (Californian flora)	275
USDA GRIN	2789
Wikipedia	Amaranthus_caudatus
PFAF	Amaranthus caudatus

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_055266045.1	ASM5526604v1	Chromosome	Peking University	2026-02-17	25	406.96 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Biochar enhances the growth and physiological characteristics of Medicago sativa, Amaranthus caudatus and Zea mays in saline soils

Murtaza G, Rizwan M, Usman M, Hyder S, Akram MI, Deeb M, Alkahtani J, AlMunqedhi BM, Hendy AS, Ali MR, Iqbal R, Harsonowati W, Habib ur Rahman M, Rizwan M

BMC Plant Biol

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11034111
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04957-1
PMID:	38644487

Effects of roasting and steeping on nutrients and physiochemical compounds in organically grown naked barley teas

Martínez-Subirà M, Meints B, Tomasino E, Hayes P

Food Chem X

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11043873
doi:	10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101385
PMID:	38665632

Monitoring Indian “Superfood” Moringa oleifera Lam. – species-specific PCR-fingerprint-based authentication for more consumer safety

Wetters S, Sahi V, Brosche L, Häser A, Nick P

NPJ Sci Food

13-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11016095
doi:	10.1038/s41538-024-00264-z
PMID:	38615055

Food grain quality: Analysis of physical, biometric, and colorimetric properties to promote consumption

Jamanca-Gonzales NC, Ocrospoma-Dueñas RW, Eguilas-Caushi YM, Padilla-Fabian RA, Silva-Paz RJ

Heliyon

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11004417
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29234
PMID:	38601661

A phage-displayed disulfide constrained peptide discovery platform yields novel human plasma protein binders

Gao X, Kaluarachchi H, Zhang Y, Hwang S, Hannoush RN

PLoS One

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10977726
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0299804
PMID:	38547072

Plant phenolics inhibit focal adhesion kinase and suppress host cell invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Lewis AJ, Richards AC, Mendez AA, Dhakal BK, Jones TA, Sundsbak JL, Eto DS, Rousek AA, Mulvey MA

Infect Immun

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11075462
doi:	10.1128/iai.00080-24
PMID:	38534100

The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review

Cadena-Iñiguez J, Santiago-Osorio E, Sánchez-Flores N, Salazar-Aguilar S, Soto-Hernández RM, Riviello-Flores MD, Macías-Zaragoza VM, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I

Molecules

23-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11012759
doi:	10.3390/molecules29071439
PMID:	38611719

Molecular investigation of antimicrobial peptides against Helicobacter pylori proteins using a peptide-protein docking approach

Hanafiah A, Abd Aziz SN, Md Nesran ZN, Wezen XC, Ahmad MF

Heliyon

17-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963377
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28128
PMID:	38533069

Influence of microbiota-driven natural antibodies on dengue transmission

Wu-Chuang A, Rojas A, Bernal C, Cardozo F, Valenzuela A, Romero C, Mateos-Hernández L, Cabezas-Cruz A

Front Immunol

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10978734
doi:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368599
PMID:	38558802

Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal use of plants in the Tropical Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Wendimu A, Tekalign W, Bojago E, Abrham Y

Heliyon

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955238
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27528
PMID:	38515698

Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Cancers in the East Africa Region from 2019 to 2023

Kudamba A, Kasolo JN, Bbosa GS, Lugaajju A, Wabinga H, Kafeero HM, Ssenku JE, Alemu SO, Walusansa A, Niyonzima N, Muwonge H

Integr Cancer Ther

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10916491
doi:	10.1177/15347354241235583
PMID:	38445504

Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia

Anbessa B, Lulekal E, Getachew P, Hymete A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900549
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00671-2
PMID:	38413982

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Plant Exposure in Patients Aged between 0 and 18 Years—A Six-Year Retrospective Study

Nițescu GV, Grama A, Turcu T, Strătulă A, Dragomirescu A, Pană ES, Baciu A, Baconi DL, Crăciun MD, Ulmeanu CE

Children (Basel)

21-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969538
doi:	10.3390/children11030271
PMID:	38539306

Microgreens on the rise: Expanding our horizons from farm to fork

Lone JK, Pandey R, Gayacharan

Heliyon

11-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10881865
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25870
PMID:	38390124

Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review

Islam Shawon S, Nargis Reyda R, Qais N

Heliyon

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10864916
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25340
PMID:	38356556

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Betalains / Betacyanins and derivatives
Amaranthin	6325284	Click to see	726.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.AOB.A085962 https://doi.org/10.1021/BI00498A019 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380880 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384241
Betacyanin	11953901	Click to see	550.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380880 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393241
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
9-Hexadecenoic acid	4668	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
9-Octadecenoic Acid	965	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387457 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387457 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Palmitoleic Acid	445638	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Pentadecanoic Acid	13849	Click to see	242.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387457
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E,2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	101426792	Click to see	406.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
(2R)-2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-one	162940810	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(E,2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	163047311	Click to see	552.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-yloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	74029756	Click to see CC(C=CC1(C(CC(CC1(C)O)O)(C)C)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	406.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-one	162940809	Click to see CC1=C(C(CC(=O)C1O)(C)C)C=CC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
2-Methyl-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4-(1,2,4-trihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-yloxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	163047310	Click to see	552.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid	3931	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387457 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	101918549	Click to see	648.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
2,3-Dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	163037011	Click to see	648.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylate	101918550	Click to see	810.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
Bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylate	163004173	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC=C4C2(CCC5(C4CC(=C)CC5)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)(CC(C(C3(C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C	810.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	21768763	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C(=O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	827.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101945199	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	13518132	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101945197	Click to see	1123.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101945198	Click to see	991.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101918546	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101918714	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-formyl-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101918547	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(CC4(C(C3(C)C=O)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8S,8aR,9S,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-formyl-8,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101918548	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(CC4(C5CC=C6C7CC(CCC7(CCC6(C5(CC(C4C3(C)C=O)O)C)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)(C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162933501	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-formyl-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162892752	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(CC4(C(C3(C)C=O)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-formyl-8,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	163043609	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(CC4(C5CC=C6C7CC(CCC7(CCC6(C5(CC(C4C3(C)C=O)O)C)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)(C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162845673	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162947320	Click to see	1123.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 11-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	13518129	Click to see	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	434119	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162856729	Click to see	991.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
3-Glc, 28-Glc medicagenic acid	495195	Click to see	827.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Squalene	638072	Click to see	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Super Squalene; trans-Squalene;AddaVax	1105	Click to see	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholest-5-en-3-ol	304	Click to see	386.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
Cholesterol	5997	Click to see	386.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol	312822	Click to see	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626 https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740580210
Campesterol	173183	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	101945200	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC=C4C2(CCC5(C4CC(=C)CC5)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)(CC(C(C3(C)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C	810.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
2-Hydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	162848791	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC=C4C2(CCC5(C4CC(=C)CC5)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)(CC(C(C3(C)C(=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C	810.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970650V
bis[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylate	101918551	Click to see	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
Bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,14b-tetramethyl-11-methylidene-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylate	163036569	Click to see	973.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00052A011
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
(3S,10R,13R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(Z,2R)-5-propan-2-ylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	23724575	Click to see	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740580210
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	122544	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626
alpha-Spinasterin	5281331	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81167-X
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249626 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81167-X
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
Dopachrome	119399	Click to see	193.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380880

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Amaranthus caudatus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top