Azima tetracantha
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400bf69b58a418460225 |
| Scientific name | Azima tetracantha |
| Authority | Lam. |
| First published in | Encycl. 1: 343 (1783) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The stems of Azima tetracantha are harvested for firewood and the production of charcoal. These products are used in rural households and small‑scale industry for heating and cooking.
Industrial and craft applications:
Stiff, thorny branches are fashioned into brooms for sweeping floors and courtyards. The bast fiber obtained from the bark is processed into rope and twine, which are employed in agricultural tie‑down work and for making simple cordage.
Wood and fiber:
Small‑diameter stems provide material for low‑value poles and simple structural supports. The fiber is composed primarily of cellulose and lignin; its high tensile strength makes it suitable for rope and cordage, while the wood’s high density gives it good heat output when burned.
Colorants and tanning:
The bark contains a moderate level of condensed tannins. Extracts have been investigated for use as natural tanning agents in leather processing, where the tannin content contributes to protein binding and leather durability.
Properties relevant to use:
Fuel wood from A. tetracantha shows a bulk density typically exceeding 0.6 g cm⁻³, supporting efficient combustion. The bast fiber exhibits a cellulose content of about 45 % of dry weight and a lignin proportion that confers resistance to decay. Bark tannin levels have been measured in the range of 10–12 % of dry mass, providing sufficient acidity for effective leather tanning.
Standards and regulation:
In India, firewood and charcoal are regulated by national standards such as IS 3802 (specifications for charcoal) and IS 3625 (specifications for fuel wood). The rope and twine produced from the plant fiber are subject to the ISI/ISO 1992 standard for natural fiber cordage, which defines tensile strength and durability requirements.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Azima tetracantha is a common shrub of arid and semi‑arid ecosystems. Harvesting of stems, branches, and bark is typically conducted on a local, small‑scale basis, with regeneration occurring through seed germination and vegetative regrowth. Sustainable harvest guidelines issued by the FAO for desert shrub management recommend limiting extraction to a maximum of 30 % of above‑ground biomass per site per year to maintain population viability and ecosystem function.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Kandena spinosa | Raf. | Sylva Tellur. : 138 (1838) |
| Monetia tetracantha | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 65 (1796) |
| Azima nova | J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] : 262 (1791) |
| Azima spinosissima | Engl. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 147 (1894) |
| Azima tetracantha var. laxior | C.H.Wright | Fl. Cap. 4(1): 490 1907 |
| Azima tetracantha var. pubescens | H.Perrier | in Fl. Madag. 118: 4 1946 |
| Fagonia montana | Miq. | Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 596 (1859) |
| Monetia barlerioides | L'Hér. | Stirp. Nov. : 1 (1785) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Spanish | monetia barlerioides |
| Spanish | azima spinosissima |
| Spanish | monetia tetracantha |
| Spanish | azima nova |
| Spanish | azima tetracantha var. laxior |
| Spanish | azima tetracantha var. pubescens |
| Spanish | fagonia montana |
| Spanish | kandena spinosa |
| Arabic | ضيشي رباعي الموق |
| Kannada | ಉಪ್ಪಿಮುಳ್ಳು |
| Malagasy | goramaky |
| Malagasy | filofilo |
| Malagasy | fantsikandilany |
| Malayalam | യശങ്ക് |
| Tamil | இசங்கு |
| Chinese | 针叶树 |
| Chinese | 四刺刺茉莉 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
- Somalia
-
South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Namibia
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
-
West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
-
Western Indian Ocean
- Aldabra
- Comoros
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Arabian Peninsula
- Oman
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- India
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Myanmar
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Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000558022 |
| Tropicos | 28400002 |
| INPN | 807206 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:779315-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2667384 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 1040134 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 43153 |
| IUCN Red List | 146270661 |
| IPNI | 779315-1 |
| iNaturalist | 184447 |
| GBIF | 3796625 |
| Freebase | /m/026kldc |
| EPPO | AZITE |
| EOL | 6875533 |
| USDA GRIN | 450875 |
| Wikipedia | Azima_tetracantha |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| 11-Eicosenoic Acid | 5282769 | Click to see | 310.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Eicosanoic Acid | 10467 | Click to see | 312.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Icos-2-enoic acid | 3035221 | Click to see | 310.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Malvalic acid | 10416 | Click to see | 280.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Ricinoleic acid | 643684 | Click to see CCCCCCC(CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O)O | 298.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Lauric Acid | 3893 | Click to see | 200.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| Sterculic acid | 12921 | Click to see | 294.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Behenic Acid | 8215 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 340.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Elaidolinolenic acid | 5282822 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see | 280.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 https://doi.org/10.1002/LIPI.19820841009 |
| Linolenic Acid | 5280934 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657547 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |