Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff830ac48f937765201
Scientific name Pulmonaria mollis
Authority Wolff ex F.Heller
First published in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 179 (1813)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

Write a new one!
No ethnobotanical data added yet. Help us by writing one.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Pulmonaria mollis is cultivated primarily as an ornamental herbaceous perennial. Commercial nurseries and garden centers offer it for shade gardens, woodland plantings, and rock gardens. The plant is valued for its early‑spring tubular flowers ranging from pink to blue and its low, spreading habit that forms a dense mat of soft, silvery‑spotted foliage. It is sold as container‑grown specimens or as divisions for direct planting. In commercial horticulture it functions as a ground‑cover in partially shaded sites under trees or shrubs, thriving in moist, well‑drained soils and tolerating low light typical of woodland margins. Mature plants reach 15–30 cm in height, providing effective weed suppression while offering seasonal color and textural contrast. Its foliage persists as a basal rosette, giving winter interest in milder climates. The species is frequently used in mixed perennial borders where its early bloom precedes later‑season perennials. It tolerates loamy, humus‑rich soils as well as moderately acidic to neutral pH, and is hardy in USDA zones 4–8, allowing wide temperate use. In container gardening its low stature and spreading habit make it suitable for hanging baskets, balcony planters, or shallow containers. Retail catalogs list it under the common name “soft lungwort,” emphasizing its ornamental appeal.

Properties relevant to use:
The species’ early flowering period (late winter to early spring) and its shade‑tolerant, low‑growing habit enable its use as a seasonal color source in low‑light garden settings. Its dense foliage and mat‑forming growth provide natural weed control and ground‑cover capability. Tolerance to a range of soil textures and pH, combined with hardiness across USDA zones 4–8, support its adaptability to diverse temperate landscapes.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Pulmonaria mollis propagates readily from seed and by division, allowing routine nursery production without specialized conservation measures. The species is not listed in CITES Appendices and is widely available through commercial horticulture, indicating a stable supply with minimal sustainability concerns. Standard horticultural practices—including routine nursery care and organic soil management—are sufficient for its cultivation, and the plant is generally regarded as non‑invasive in temperate garden contexts.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Nonea auriculata Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 95 (1849)
Pulmonaria mollissima A.Kern. Monogr. Pulmon. : 47 (1878)
Pulmonaria media Host Fl. Austriaca 1: 235 (1827)
Pulmonaria auriculata (Boiss.) Halácsy Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 331 1902
Pulmonaria montana subsp. porciusii Gusul. Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. 7: 643 1960

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Language Common/alternative name
Belarusian Медуніца мякенькая
Belarusian Шчамяліца мякенькая
Bulgarian мека медуница
Czech plicník měkký
German weiches lungenkraut
French pulmonaire molle
Hungarian bársonyos tüdőfű
Polish miodunka miękkowłosa
Romanian Plămânărică
Russian Медуница дакийская
Russian Медуница мягонькая
Russian Медуница мягчайшая
Russian Медуница мягкая
Slovak pľúcnik najmäkší
Swedish mjuk lungört

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
Name Authority First published in
Pulmonaria mollis subsp. alpigena W.Sauer Phyton (Horn) 16: 252 (1974)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • Inner Mongolia
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • East European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000397543
Tropicos 4000179
INPN 116418
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:120391-1
The Plant List kew-2413019
Open Tree Of Life 1036115
Observations.org 134570
NCBI Taxonomy 256500
IPNI 120391-1
iNaturalist 361308
GBIF 7294676
EPPO PUMMO
EOL 5356897
Elurikkus 632988
USDA GRIN 435042
Wikipedia Pulmonaria_mollis
CMAUP NPO17182

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Pharmacological Significance of Boraginaceae with Special Insights into Shikonin and Its Potential in the Food Industry Gautam S, Lapčík L, Lapčíková B Foods 27-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11082953
doi:10.3390/foods13091350
PMID:38731721
Endangered Forest Communities in Central Europe: Mapping Current and Potential Distributions of Euro-Siberian Steppic Woods with Quercus spp. in South Slovak Basin Oravec P, Wittlinger L, Máliš F Biology (Basel) 25-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10376067
doi:10.3390/biology12070910
PMID:37508342
Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives Malik S, Brudzyńska P, Khan MR, Sytar O, Makhzoum A, Sionkowska A Materials (Basel) 14-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10304009
doi:10.3390/ma16124377
PMID:37374560
Genome size and endoreplication in two pairs of cytogenetically contrasting species of Pulmonaria (Boraginaceae) in Central Europe Koprivý L, Fráková V, Kolarčik V, Mártonfiová L, Dudáš M, Mártonfi P AoB Plants 18-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9476981
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plac036
PMID:36128515
Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus Symphytum L.: A Review Mahmoudzadeh E, Nazemiyeh H, Hamedeyazdan S Iran J Pharm Res 05-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9420230
doi:10.5812/ijpr.123949
PMID:36060906
How to Protect Natural Habitats of Rare Terrestrial Orchids Effectively: A Comparative Case Study of Cypripedium calceolus in Different Geographical Regions of Europe Jakubska-Busse A, Tsiftsis S, Śliwiński M, Křenová Z, Djordjević V, Steiu C, Kolanowska M, Efimov P, Hennigs S, Lustyk P, Kreutz K( Plants (Basel) 20-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7923770
doi:10.3390/plants10020404
PMID:33672509
Recent hybrid speciation at the origin of the narrow endemic Pulmonaria helvetica Grünig S, Fischer M, Parisod C Ann Bot 01-Aug-2020
PMCID:PMC7750729
doi:10.1093/aob/mcaa145
PMID:32738145
Taxonomy of the Golovinomyces cynoglossi Complex (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) Disentangled by Phylogenetic Analyses and Reassessments of Morphological Traits Braun U, Bradshaw M, Zhao TT, Cho SE, Shin HD Mycobiology 30-Sep-2018
PMCID:PMC6171426
doi:10.1080/12298093.2018.1509512
PMID:30294479
The bear in Eurasian plant names: motivations and models Kolosova V, Svanberg I, Kalle R, Strecker L, Özkan AM, Pieroni A, Cianfaglione K, Molnár Z, Papp N, Łuczaj Ł, Dimitrova D, Šeškauskaitė D, Roper J, Hajdari A, Sõukand R J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Feb-2017
PMCID:PMC5320662
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0132-9
PMID:28222790
Comparison of some secondary metabolite content in the seventeen species of the Boraginaceae family Dresler S, Szymczak G, Wójcik M Pharm Biol 31-Jan-2017
PMCID:PMC6130574
doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1265986
PMID:28140740
Molecular Systematics of Boraginaceae Tribe Boragineae Based on ITS1 and trnL Sequences, with Special Reference to Anchusa s.l. HILGER HH, SELVI F, PAPINI A, BIGAZZI M Ann Bot 01-Aug-2004
PMCID:PMC4242157
doi:10.1093/aob/mch132
PMID:15271774

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol 6054 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO 122.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Benzyl Benzoate 2345 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 212.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Ethyl 2-Methoxybenzoate 81784 Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC 180.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 2-Methoxybenzoate 61151 Click to see 166.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyloxycarbonyls
Benzyl acetate 8785 Click to see 150.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
1,4-Dimethoxybenzene 9016 Click to see 138.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyleugenol 7127 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)OC 178.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol 3314 Click to see 164.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
Cinnamaldehyde 637511 Click to see 132.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols
Cinnamyl Alcohol 5315892 Click to see 134.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides / Anthocyanidin 3-O-6-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[7-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101633884 Click to see 773.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 100921412 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O 873.70 unknown via CMAUP database
4'''-Demalonylsalvianin 5282162 Click to see 843.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Bis(demalonyl)monardaein cation 20054973 Click to see 741.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Bisdemalonylsalvianin 5282161 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O 757.70 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 101586992 101586992 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C([O+]=C4C=C(C=C(C4=C3)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O 843.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Malonylawobanin 5281258 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C([O+]=C4C=C(C=C(C4=C3)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 859.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Shisonin 5282068 Click to see 757.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides
3-oxo-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanoic acid 101930173 Click to see 681.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside 10100906 Click to see 627.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pelargonin 441772 Click to see 595.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-5-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 101633888 Click to see 875.70 unknown via CMAUP database

Gallery Top

Pulmonaria mollis
Author: Sorin
Pulmonaria mollis
Author: Sorin
Upload a new image!

Contributors Top

Sorin

Collections Top

In private collections 0
In public collections 0
You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.