Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Borassus flabellifer, the palmyra palm, is woven into the everyday lives of people throughout South‑Asia, where its leaves, bark, roots and fruits have long been turned into simple drinks or topical preparations for a range of ailments. Among the Tamil‑speaking communities of Tamil Nadu, fresh leaf‑shoots are traditionally steeped in hot water and taken as a mild tea to break a fever (Venkatesh et al., 2019). In the rural districts of Bangladesh the same leaf material is boiled for ten minutes to produce a decoction that eases dysentery and abdominal cramps (Hossain et al., 2020). Thai folk healers on the central plains brew a concentrated decoction of the inner bark, sweetened with palm sugar, to soothe a chronic cough (Kaewmanee et al., 2018). In Sri Lanka’s hill country, the mature root is sliced, boiled and drunk as a tonic for low blood sugar, while the ripe fruit pulp is sometimes macerated in water to create a refreshing, mildly astringent drink taken after meals (Singh et al., 2015). All of these preparations rely on water as the solvent, and the parts used are always clearly identified in the respective accounts.

A practical recipe that captures the spirit of these traditional brews can be prepared from the fresh leaf shoots. Take roughly 10 g of the young leaves (about two to three tightly packed handfuls), rinse quickly under running water, and add them to 250 ml of freshly boiled water. Cover the vessel and let the leaves steep for 5 to 10 minutes; the liquid will turn a pale golden‑green and acquire a faintly sweet aroma. Strain and serve the tea warm, preferably in the early evening when fever‑prone individuals are most likely to feel relief. Safety notes should be heeded: this leaf tea is not advised for pregnant women, as some field reports associate excess consumption with uterine stimulation, and people with a known sensitivity to palm‑derived oxalates should moderate intake to avoid possible kidney irritation. It is also best consumed within a few hours of preparation to preserve the antioxidant flavonoids.

The activity of these preparations is supported by a fairly well‑characterised phytochemical profile of B. flabellifer. Analyses repeatedly detect flavonoid glycosides such as quercetin and kaempferol, together with phenolic acids like gallic and caffeic acids. The leaf matrix also contains appreciable amounts of tannins, saponins and mucilaginous polysaccharides that give the tea a slight viscosity and contribute to its soothing effect on inflamed mucous membranes (Choudhary et al., 2021). These compounds together provide antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and mild astringent actions that plausibly explain the fever‑reducing and gut‑calming traditions.

Modern interest in the palmyra palm is growing on two fronts. Recent laboratory work has shown that leaf extracts possess marked radical‑scavenging activity and can lower post‑prandial blood glucose in animal models, prompting ongoing clinical trials in India and Bangladesh. Commercially, dried leaf‑teas and standardized bark‑decoction capsules are now sold by niche herbal outlets, while many rural households continue to brew the same simple infusion for everyday health. This blend of traditional knowledge and contemporary science keeps Borassus flabellifer a living remedy rather than a relic.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Palm sap is harvested from the cut inflorescence and processed into jaggery or evaporated syrup; in some regions it is fermented into vinegar or alcoholic beverages. Sago (starch flour) is obtained from the soft pith of the trunk. Immature germinating seeds yield a translucent, gelatinous endosperm (kalpa virikśa) consumed as food; mature endosperm is cooked as a vegetable and used as a thickening agent. Leaves are used for thatch, cordage, and matting; midribs are fashioned into brooms. Saplings and young fronds are eaten as a leafy vegetable. Wood is used in construction, furniture, and tool handles; trunk cores provide durable posts.

Industrial and craft applications:
Leaves are processed by weaving and plaiting into thatch, mats, baskets, hats, and cordage. Dried leaf lamina is converted into writing material in parts of South Asia. Palm sap is processed industrially for sugar (raw and refined) and for fermentation; the presence of fermentable sugars and natural acidity supports both sugar crystallization and alcoholic fermentation. The wood’s hardness and decay resistance are suitable for poles, piles, flooring, and tool handles.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Sap/sugar products: palm sap; jaggery/raw sugar; syrup and sugar crystals; palmyra vinegar.
- Starch and flour: sago; thickening agent for local dishes.
- Seeds/fruits: edible immature seed jelly; matured endosperm (vegetable); fresh fruit mesocarp in season.
- Leaves and shoots: young fronds and saplings as leafy vegetables.
Processing relies on sap sugar content (reported around 8–10% sucrose), sap acidity, and starch properties of the trunk pith.

Wood and fiber:
- Wood: density around 0.75–0.85 g/cm³; heartwood brownish to dark, strong, and decay-resistant; used in construction, flooring, posts, poles, furniture, tool handles, and boat timbers.
- Leaf fiber: bast fiber from leaf bases used for coarse rope and cordage; dried leaves are woven into thatch and mats.

Properties relevant to use:
Sap acidity (~pH 3.2) inhibits microbial spoilage during tapping and supports vinegar production; sap sugar content supports crystallization into jaggery and raw sugar. Trunk pith yields an easily extracted starch suitable for sago. Wood density and decay resistance provide structural durability; leaf fiber tensile strength and flexibility suit thatch and woven goods.

Standards and regulation:
- Jaggery and raw sugar: subject to national food standards (e.g., FSSAI 2011 in India; applicable to coconut/palm sugar specifications).
- Sugar (IS 1156:2019) includes jaggery and khandsari categories.
- Timber grading: species covered under national codes (e.g., IS 883:1970—structural timber grading rules in India).

Sustainability and sourcing:
Harvesting of sap requires careful pruning to prevent palm death; tapping regimes must limit cut frequency and promote regeneration to avoid overharvesting. Leaf harvesting is typically sustainable when only mature fronds are cut and the growing heart is left intact. Sustainable management includes reduced sap extraction periods, rest intervals between harvests, and preservation of mature seed-producing individuals to ensure continued recruitment. Regional supply may be local and artisanal, with significant seasonal variability influencing sap sugar and fruit availability.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pholidocarpus tunicatus	H.Wendl.	Palmiers : 235 (1878)
Borassus flabelliformis	L.	Syst. Veg. ed. 13 827 1774
Borassus sundaicus	Becc.	Webbia 4: 321 (1914)
Borassus tunicatus	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. : 618 (1790)
Thrinax tunicata	(Lour.) Rollisson	Nursery Cat. (Rollisson) 1875-1876: 60 (1875)
Borassus flabelliformis	L.	Syst. Veg. ed. 13 : 827 (1774)
Lontarus domestica	Gaertn.	Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 21 (1788)
Lontarus flabellifer	(L.) F.Lestib.	Botanogr. Belg. ed. 2, 3: 357 1800

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	wine palm
English	doub palm
English	ice apple
English	lontar palm
English	palmyra palm
English	great fan palm
English	tala palm
English	toddy palm
Spanish	boraso
Spanish	palma palmira
ace	teuë
Arabic	نخيل كمبودي
Arabic	تال
Arabic	بوراس مروحي
Arabic	نخيل تودي
Arabic	نخيل تدمر الآسيوي
Arabic	نخيل السكر
Arabic	نخيل الدوليب
Arabic	نخيل الدليب
Arabic	دوليب
Arabic	دليب
Arabic	دوم
Arabic	شجرة المقل
ban	ental
Bengali	তাল (ফল)
Catalan	palmera de cambodja
Catalan	palmera de palmira
Czech	lontar vějířovitý
Czech	cukrová palma
German	palmyrapalme
German	lontarpalme
German	lontar
Persian	نخل پالمیرای آسیایی
Finnish	bassina
Finnish	palmyrapalmu
French	palmier à sucre
French	palmier de palmyre
French	palmier a sucre
Hindi	ग्रन्थताल
Hungarian	palmira-pálma
Indonesian	siwalan
Japanese	オウギヤシ
Japanese	パルミラヤシ
Japanese	オオギヤシ
jv	siwalan
jv	tal
Georgian	პალმირა
Khmer	ដើមត្នោត
Kannada	ತಾಳೆಮರ
Korean	토디팜
Korean	다라수
ks	تالہٕ کُل
Lithuanian	vėduoklinė palmyra
mad	ta'al
Macedonian	палмирска палма
Macedonian	винодајна палма
Malayalam	കരിമ്പന
Malay	tal
Norwegian Bokmål	palmyrapalme
Nepali	ताडको रूख
Polish	winodań wachlarzowata
Punjab	پالمیرا پام
Russian	Пальмировая пальма
sat	ᱛᱟᱞᱮ
Sango	kolongo
Slovenian	sladkorna palma
su	ental
Swedish	palmyrapalm
Tamil	ஆசியப் பனை
Tamil	பனை மரம்
Tamil	ஆசியப் பனை மரம்
Telugu	ఆసియా తాటి చెట్టు
Telugu	ఆసియా తాటి
Telugu	బొరాసస్ ఫ్లాబెల్లిఫర్
Thai	ลูกตาล
Thai	ใบตาล
Thai	ตาลโตนด
Thai	ต้นตาลตัวเมีย
Thai	ต้นตาลตัวผู้
Thai	ต้นตาล
Thai	จาวตาล
Thai	งวงตาล
Thai	ตาล
Ukrainian	Пальмірова пальма
Ukrainian	Пальміра
Urdu	تاڑ
Vietnamese	thốt nốt
wo	ron
Chinese	扇椰子
Chinese	扇叶树头榈
Chinese	糖棕

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Socotra
- West Tropical Africa
  - Mauritania

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Sulawesi

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000350367
UNII	69PQU2AYEC
USDA Plants	BOFL2
Tropicos	2400870
INPN	629183
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:664873-1
The Plant List	kew-23006
Missouri Botanical Garden	276682
PaleoBotany	46781
Open Tree Of Life	995213
NCBI Taxonomy	145675
IPNI	664873-1
iNaturalist	345556
GBIF	2733934
Freebase	/m/0dt23n
EPPO	BASFL
EOL	1123573
USDA GRIN	7425
Wikipedia	Borassus_flabellifer
CMAUP	NPO14266

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_050948065.1	ASM5094806v1	Scaffold	Manonmaniam Sundaranar University	2025-06-17	89.3	2.24 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

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Natural-derived acetophenones: chemistry and pharmacological activities

Ahmadpourmir H, Attar H, Asili J, Soheili V, Taghizadeh SF, Shakeri A

Nat Prod Bioprospect

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087454
doi:	10.1007/s13659-024-00447-x
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Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review

Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Esa M, Khan A, Yan H

Int J Nanomedicine

03-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10999736
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Separation Methods of Phenolic Compounds from Plant Extract as Antioxidant Agents Candidate

Susanti I, Pratiwi R, Rosandi Y, Hasanah AN

Plants (Basel)

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013868
doi:	10.3390/plants13070965
PMID:	38611494

Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activity of Coleus amboinicus-Mediated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Kunjan F, Shanmugam R, Govindharaj S

Cureus

04-Mar-2024

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Characterization of carbon fluxes, stock and nutrients in the sacred forest groves and invasive vegetation stands within the human dominated landscapes of a tropical semi-arid region

Akil Prasath RV, Mohanraj R, Balaramdas KR, Jhony Kumar Tagore A, Raja P, Rajasekaran A

Sci Rep

24-Feb-2024

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Magnetic iron oxide-based nanozymes: from synthesis to application

Ghazzy A, Nsairat H, Said R, Sibai OA, AbuRuman A, Shraim AS, Al hunaiti A

Nanoscale Adv

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Aminated Rapeseed Husks (Brassica napus) as an Effective Sorbent for Removing Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Jóźwiak T, Filipkowska U

Molecules

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892382
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Ayurvedic clinical decision-making methods to predict, prevent and manage childhood allergic disorders

Karthik KP, Dileep A, Rajagopala S, Arun Kumar M, Dharmarajan P, Vellela J

J Ayurveda Integr Med

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10828817
doi:	10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100857
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Palm Fungi and Their Key Role in Biodiversity Surveys: A Review

Pereira DS, Phillips AJ

J Fungi (Basel)

19-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10672035
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Potential Efficacy of Herbal Medicine-Derived Carbon Dots in the Treatment of Diseases: From Mechanism to Clinic

Zeng M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Y, Wen J, Zhang Y, Chen T, He N, Fan P, Dai X

Int J Nanomedicine

09-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10642355
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Phytophthora : taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the genus

Abad ZG, Burgess TI, Bourret T, Bensch K, Cacciola SO, Scanu B, Mathew R, Kasiborski B, Srivastava S, Kageyama K, Bienapfl JC, Verkleij G, Broders K, Schena L, Redford AJ

Stud Mycol

06-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10825748
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Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders

Dwivedi K, Mandal AK, Afzal O, Altamimi AS, Sahoo A, Alossaimi MA, Almalki WH, Alzahrani A, Barkat MA, Almeleebia TM, Mir Najib Ullah SN, Rahman M

Gels

18-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10453850
doi:	10.3390/gels9080671
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Gamma-induced interconnected networks in microporous activated carbons from palm petiole under NaNO3 oxidizing environment towards high-performance electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs)

Benwannamas N, Sangtawesin T, Yilmaz M, Kanjana K

Sci Rep

09-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10412596
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-40176-8
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Isolation and characterization of agro-waste biomass sapodilla seeds as reinforcement in potential polymer composite applications

R NS, Thiagamani SM, P S, M S, Boyina Yagna SN, Hossein EK, M M, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S

Heliyon

28-Jun-2023

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Paczyńska K, Jóźwiak T, Filipkowska U

Materials (Basel)

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10342257
doi:	10.3390/ma16134586
PMID:	37444899

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Iridoids and derivatives
[7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate	56663817	Click to see	442.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(4E)-6-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-1,4-dien-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	9955042	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diosgenin	99474	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1	414.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
methyl 4-[7,15-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,10,13,14-tetramethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoate	137796302	Click to see	490.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Spirost-5-en-3-ol	234096	Click to see	414.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Yamogenin	441900	Click to see	414.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(25R)-3beta-(4-O-alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)spirosta-5-ene	163035150	Click to see	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	12314562	Click to see	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162931269	Click to see	756.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2S)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162931270	Click to see	756.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	163035151	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-3'-hydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	102155845	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC19C(CC(CO9)CO)O	901.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-3'-hydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	102155844	Click to see	901.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162873044	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	1015.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	16204183	Click to see	1015.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	21603983	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	16204068	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162997664	Click to see	1049.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162997672	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	1049.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(3beta,25S)-Spirost-5-en-3-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	441901	Click to see	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(3I(2),22I+/-,25S)-26-(I(2)-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurost-5-en-3-yl O-6-deoxy-I+/--L-mannopyranosyl-(1a2)-O-[6-deoxy-I+/--L-mannopyranosyl-(1a4)]-I(2)-D-glucopyranoside	154496998	Click to see	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
2-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	271916	Click to see	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
2-[4-Hydroxy-6-[3'-hydroxy-5'-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9,13-trimethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162882603	Click to see	901.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
2-[6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162970348	Click to see	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
3-O-[alpha-L-ramnopyranosyl(1 to 2)]-O-[alpha-L-ramnopyranosyl(1 to 4)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosid(1)]-(25S)-spirost-5-ene-3beta-ol	10653210	Click to see	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Asperin	21603986	Click to see	1015.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,25R)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3-yl O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->4))-	500375	Click to see	1049.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
CID 16204180	16204180	Click to see	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
CID 16204181	16204181	Click to see	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Collettiside I	12314556	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Dioscin	119245	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	869.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Methylprotodioscin	11263254	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)OC	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Npc269297	328441	Click to see	1015.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
NSC-698790;Smilax saponin B	500376	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)OC	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Ophiopogonin C'	4483248	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Progenin II	44429638	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Prosapogenin A	11061578	Click to see	722.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Protodioscin	441891	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	1049.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Pseduoprotodioscin	73817989	Click to see	1031.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Pseudoprotodioscin	21637110	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7(C(C6CC=C5C4)CC8C7C(=C(O8)CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O	1031.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Pseudoprotoneodioscin	163070601	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7(C(C6CC=C5C4)CC8C7C(=C(O8)CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O	1031.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Trigonelloside C	441899	Click to see	1049.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Trillin	11827970	Click to see	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	154496016	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.308
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose	5288769	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180
6-[[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol	872	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180
beta-D-Glucopyranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-	294	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180
Gal(a1-6)a-Man	11724912	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-Manp	5287808	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)O)CO)CO)O)O)O)O	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180
GlyTouCan:G94390VI	871	Click to see	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1139/V61-180

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Borassus flabellifer

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