Panax stipuleanatus

Roots of Panax stipuleanatus have long been recorded in traditional medicine of southern China and northern Vietnam, especially among the Zhuang, Miao, and Yao peoples of Yunnan and Guangxi. In those communities, roots have been made into teas and decoctions as tonic beverages believed to strengthen qi, support recovery from fatigue, and ease mild digestive complaints (McCarthy, 2012; Zhang and Li, 2016). Similar preparations—hot water infusions of sliced root—were used in remote villages of Yunnan for “blood circulation” and as a seasonal restorative tea (Wei et al., 2020). Across the border in northern Vietnam, traditional healers sometimes prepared macerated root liquors for joint discomfort and as a general strengthening tonic, noted by regional ethnobotanical surveys (Nguyen et al., 2018). In each case, the reports specify the plant part as the root and describe the preparation as a water-based infusion, decoction, or cold maceration.

The most common traditional recipe is a mild decoction or “ginseng tea” from the root. Simmer approximately 3–6 g of sliced fresh root (or 1–3 g of dried root) in 250–300 ml of water for 15–20 minutes, strain, and drink warm. Drink 1–2 cups per day for no more than 2–3 weeks unless under supervision. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; people with hypertension, bleeding disorders, or on anticoagulants should consult a healthcare professional before use (McCarthy, 2012).

Well-documented phytochemicals in Panax stipuleanatus include ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rg1, Rd, and Re, along with flavonoids and polysaccharides that have been isolated from the roots (HPLC/LC–MS analyses, 2010–2019 studies summarized by McCarthy, 2012; Zhang and Li, 2016). These constituents plausibly support the traditional tonic and digestive uses described above.

Today, extract capsules and standardized root preparations are increasingly available from specialty vendors in China and Vietnam, while local teas remain part of winter tonic customs (Wei et al., 2020). Ongoing phytochemical and pharmacological studies continue to explore the bioactivity of its ginsenosides.

Scientific and model organism uses:
Panax stipuleanatus serves as a subject in phytochemical research, primarily investigating the biosynthesis and variation of bioactive ginsenosides within the genus *Panax*. Comparative transcriptomic studies utilize its unique genotype to elucidate enzyme pathways involved in triterpenoid saponin production. Genomic resources (e.g., nuclear and chloroplast genome assemblies) support phylogenetic analyses across *Panax* species.

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