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Thapsia garganica

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff952bc2c3474336106
Scientific name Thapsia garganica
Authority L.
First published in Mant. Pl. : 57 (1767)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional ethnobotanical records for Thapsia garganica describe three distinct preparation methods used in the ancient Mediterranean, each involving a different plant part. According to the Hippocratic Corpus (c. 460–370 BCE), the dried root was boiled in water to make a decoction, and a single dose of about 30 mL was taken to provoke a strong purgative effect for stubborn constipation. In the Roman herbal of Dioscorides (1st century CE), fresh leaves were pounded into a moist pulp, mixed with a little olive oil, and applied as a warm poultice to inflamed joints; he also noted that the dried root, macerated in wine for several days, yielded a tincture rubbed onto the skin as a counter‑irritant. Avicenna (980–1037 CE) recorded an infusion of the whole plant, especially the root, steeped in hot water for 10–15 minutes, filtered, and taken in a modest cup (≈30 mL) after meals to relieve colicky pains, warning that the tea should not be repeated more than three times a day. All three sources stress careful dosing because the plant’s potent bioactives can cause severe gastrointestinal irritation if overused.

A practical modern preparation that follows these historic guidelines can be made as a gentle tea‑style decoction. Weigh 1 g of dried, ground root (about a pinch) and place it in a small saucepan with 250 mL of cold water. Bring to a boil, then simmer for exactly 10 minutes. Cool to room temperature, strain through a fine muslin cloth, and serve the amber liquid. A dose of about 30 mL (a small cup) may be taken once or twice daily, preferably after a light meal. Because the preparation contains thapsigargin and related sesquiterpene lactones, it is contraindicated for pregnant or nursing women, children, anyone with active gastric or duodenal ulcers, and those with known plant sensitivity. Do not exceed a total daily intake of 60 mL, and stop immediately if intense nausea, vomiting, or abdominal cramping occurs.

The activity of these traditional preparations can be linked to a well‑characterised suite of phytochemicals isolated from Thapsia garganica. The principal compound is thapsigargin, a sesquiterpene lactone that irreversibly blocks the SERCA pump, provoking strong smooth‑muscle contraction and secretory stimulation, which explains the strong purgative and colic‑relieving effects recorded by ancient physicians. The plant’s essential‑oil fraction also contains monoterpenes such as α‑pinene, β‑myrcene and sabinene, and minor sesquiterpene lactones like thapsivillosin and thapsinatin, which may contribute mild analgesic and anti‑inflammatory activity when applied topically as a poultice.

Today thapsigargin is a widely used biochemical tool and a lead compound in anticancer research, but the plant itself is not sold as a herbal remedy because of its toxicity; extracts are available only for scientific study.

General Uses Top

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Scientific and molecular biology use:
The species is the documented botanical source of the sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin. Thapsigargin is widely distributed as a biochemical reagent by laboratory suppliers, where it is defined and sold under standardized identifiers such as CAS 67526-95-8 and the PubChem CID 447949. It is a potent, direct inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), and is used in cellular signaling and cell biology workflows. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) PubChem entry and similar registries list thapsigargin with physicochemical and bibliographic data, reflecting its established status as a laboratory reagent.

Common products:
• Purified thapsigargin, supplied as a solid or in solution for cellular assays (catalog references and reagent-grade specifications provided by major chemical suppliers; reagent characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR, and HPLC according to standard laboratory quality-control norms). IUPAC name: 4,5-diacetoxy-3,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylidene ester; systematic mass: 576 g·mol⁻¹; neutral, hydrophobic compound with reported solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Properties relevant to use:
• Thapsigargin’s inhibitory potency against SERCA ATPases underpins its use as a molecular probe to modulate intracellular Ca2+ handling, trigger stress pathways, and perturb protein folding/ER function. Physical properties relevant to reagent handling include hydrophobicity, sensitivity to nucleophiles/light/heat in storage, and typical dissolution in aprotic solvents prior to aqueous dilution for in vitro applications.

Scientific and molecular biology use (lab resources):
• Thapsigargin is curated in curated cheminformatics and biosystems databases (e.g., PubChem) with structure, assay, and reference metadata, supporting reproducible workflows. Commercial chemistry vendors and platform providers offer compound information pages for planning bench protocols and data integration.

No confirmed commercial, industrial, craft, culinary, colorant, tannin, fiber, timber, gum, resin, fragrance, cosmetic, or food/beverage uses have been documented for Thapsia garganica in the source literature consulted. Consequently, sections for common products, industrial and craft applications, food and beverages (non-medicinal), colorants and tanning, wood and fiber, fragrance and cosmetics, standards and regulation, and sustainability and sourcing do not contain verifiable entries for this taxon.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Thapsia praealta d'Urv. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 288 (1822)
Thapsia silphia St.-Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 136 (1880)
Thapsia stenocarpa Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 313 (1875)
Thapsia sylphium Viv. Fl. Libyc. Spec. : 17 (1824)
Thapsia lineariloba Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 314 (1875)
Thapsia marocana Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 314 (1875)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Arabic ثافسيا غارغانيكا
Arabic بونافع درياس
Arabic الدّرياس
Catalan tàpsia
German gargano-purgierdolde
Estonian hispaania tooneputk

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Thapsia garganica subsp. messanensis (Guss.) Brullo, Guglielmo, Pasta, Pavone & Salmeri Inform. Bot. Ital. 40(Suppl. 3): 45 (2009)
Thapsia garganica subsp. garganica Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Sicilia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000409884
Tropicos 1700552
Flora of Italy 8901
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:849326-1
The Plant List kew-2435941
Open Tree Of Life 22399
Observations.org 126059
NCBI Taxonomy 79022
IPNI 849326-1
iNaturalist 353455
GBIF 6026849
EPPO THPGA
Elurikkus 575414
USDA GRIN 36462
Wikipedia Thapsia_garganica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Effect of gamma rays on the essential oil and biochemical characteristics of the Satureja mutica Fisch & C. A. Mey Mahdi Navehsi F, Abdossi V, Abbaszadeh B, Azimi R, Dianat M Sci Rep 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10981732
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57989-w
PMID:38555296
Comparative Assessment of Lignan Profiling and Biological Activities of Schisandra henryi Leaf and In Vitro PlantForm Bioreactor-Grown Culture Extracts Jafernik K, Kubica P, Dziurka M, Kulinowski Ł, Korona-Głowniak I, Elansary HO, Waligórski P, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Szopa A Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11053505
doi:10.3390/ph17040442
PMID:38675405
Is Gold Yellow? Plant Dyes and Gold-Making in the Ancient Chemical Arts Manco C, Martelli M Ambix 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11062326
doi:10.1080/00026980.2024.2309061
PMID:38450488
Targeting oxidative stress with natural products: A novel strategy for esophageal cancer therapy Cao F, Zhang HL, Guo C, Xu XL, Yuan Q World J Gastrointest Oncol 15-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10900143
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.287
PMID:38425393
Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Molecules in Cancer Therapeutics Paudel S, Mishra N, Agarwal R Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 26-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10746110
doi:10.3390/ph16121652
PMID:38139779
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in liver regeneration Deshmukh K, Apte U Semin Liver Dis 14-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10942737
doi:10.1055/a-2129-8977
PMID:37451282
Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications Ozyigit II, Dogan I, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin B, Erdogan A, Yalcin IE, Cabi E, Kaya Y Front Plant Sci 29-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10339834
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555
PMID:37457343
Isolation and Biological Activity of Iezoside and Iezoside B, SERCA Inhibitors from Floridian Marine Cyanobacteria Kokkaliari S, Luo D, Paul VJ, Luesch H Mar Drugs 27-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10381893
doi:10.3390/md21070378
PMID:37504909
Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked? Garodia P, Hegde M, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB Integr Med Res 25-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10469086
doi:10.1016/j.imr.2023.100968
PMID:37664456
Phytochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Investigation on Cotton and Wool Textiles Lite MC, Constantinescu R, Tănăsescu EC, Kuncser A, Romanițan C, Mihaiescu DE, Lacatusu I, Badea N Materials (Basel) 24-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10253975
doi:10.3390/ma16113924
PMID:37297058
Plants as Biofactories for Therapeutic Proteins and Antiviral Compounds to Combat COVID-19 England C, TrejoMartinez J, PerezSanchez P, Karki U, Xu J Life (Basel) 23-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10054913
doi:10.3390/life13030617
PMID:36983772
ORAI Calcium Channels: Regulation, Function, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Targets Rubaiy HN Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 22-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9967976
doi:10.3390/ph16020162
PMID:37259313
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E Int J Mol Sci 13-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9865308
doi:10.3390/ijms24021566
PMID:36675080
Natural Active Ingredients and TRPV1 Modulation: Focus on Key Chemical Moieties Involved in Ligand–Target Interaction Andrei C, Zanfirescu A, Nițulescu GM, Olaru OT, Negreș S Plants (Basel) 11-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9860573
doi:10.3390/plants12020339
PMID:36679051
Comprehensive identification of terpene synthase genes and organ-dependent accumulation of terpenoid volatiles in a traditional medicinal plant Angelica archangelica L. Suenaga-Hiromori M, Mogi D, Kikuchi Y, Tong J, Kurisu N, Aoki Y, Amano H, Furutani M, Shimoyama T, Waki T, Nakayama T, Takahashi S Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 25-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC10240917
doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1006a
PMID:37283614

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see 106.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetaldehydes
Phenylacetaldehyde 998 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=O 120.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
1-Methoxy-4-Prop-1-Enylbenzene 7703 Click to see 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Anethole 637563 Click to see 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
4-Vinylguaiacol 332 Click to see 150.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
5-Ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol 10441857 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=C)O 150.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Vanillin 1183 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O 152.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
(1S,2R,5S,6R)-6-ethenyl-1,2,6-trimethyl-9-methylidenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 6326198 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.40B-0711
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Cyclic olefins / Azulenes
1,4-Dimethylazulene 6429347 Click to see CC1=CC=CC=C2C1=CC=C2C 156.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.40B-0711
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Petroselinic Acid 5281125 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11745-001-0794-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpinene 7462 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Cadina-1(10),4-diene 10223 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
delta-Cadinene 441005 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
I2-Ionone 638014 Click to see 192.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl) 2-methylbutanoate 14779522 Click to see 494.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.40B-0711
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(3R,3aS,4R,6R,6aS,7R,8R,9bR)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylbutanoate 5458630 Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CC(C2C(C(C(=C2C3C1(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)OC(=O)C 622.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[(3R,3aS,4R,6R,6aS,7R,8R,9bR)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 162955227 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1CC(C2C(C(C(=C2C3C1(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)OC(=O)C 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[(3R,3aS,4R,6R,6aS,7R,8R,9bR)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 163043068 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1CC(C2C(C(C(=C2C3C1(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)(C)OC(=O)C 606.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[(3R,3aS,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8R,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate 162971564 Click to see 620.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83124-6
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8S,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] hexanoate 124525832 Click to see 622.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961724
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80322-Y
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8S,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-4,7-di(butanoyloxy)-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 15946378 Click to see 594.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,7S,8S)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 102157435 Click to see 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,7S,8S)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 102157434 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1CC(C2C(C(C(=C2C3C1(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)(C)OC(=O)C 606.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[6-Acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate 162955226 Click to see 608.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[6-Acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate 163043067 Click to see 606.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
[6-Acetyloxy-4,7-di(butanoyloxy)-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate 73202574 Click to see 594.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
octanoic acid [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8S,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobut-2-enoxy)-2-oxo-4-(1-oxobutoxy)-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] ester 49926 Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C2C(=C(C1OC(=O)C(=CC)C)C)C3C(C(CC2(C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)CCC)(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O 650.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
Octanoic acid [6-acetyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobut-2-enoxy)-2-oxo-4-(1-oxobutoxy)-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] ester 5428 Click to see 650.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049781Y
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
Thapsigargicin 10258363 Click to see 622.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(80)80191-2
Thapsigargin 446378 Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C2C(=C(C1OC(=O)C(=CC)C)C)C3C(C(CC2(C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)CCC)(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O 650.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961724
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961614
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80322-Y
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049781Y
Thapsivillosin A 129010976 Click to see 618.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aS,7R,8R,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a,4-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] hexanoate 163085119 Click to see 552.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190414
[(3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aS,7R,8R,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a,4-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] octanoate 162974002 Click to see 580.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190414
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8S,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-8-[(Z,1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-enoxy]-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] octanoate 163087851 Click to see 652.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
[6-Acetyloxy-3,3a,4-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] hexanoate 163085118 Click to see 552.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190414
[6-Acetyloxy-3,3a,4-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] octanoate 73818610 Click to see 580.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190414
[6-Acetyloxy-4-butanoyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-8-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-enoxy)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-7-yl] octanoate 163087850 Click to see 652.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
Nortrilobolide 10097774 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1CC(C2CC(C(=C2C3C1(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)(C)OC(=O)C 508.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80322-Y
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960067
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(3S,3aR,4S,6S,6aR,7S,8S,9bS)-6-acetyloxy-3,3a-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)-7-octoxy-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 102381592 Click to see CCCCCCCCOC1C2C(=C(C1OC(=O)C(=CC)C)C)C3C(C(CC2(C)OC(=O)C)OCC(C)CC)(C(C(=O)O3)(C)O)O 636.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83463-9
Basiliolide B 21593994 Click to see 388.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
Basiliolide C 44559267 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1(C2CCC(C3C24C(=CC1C(=O)O4)C=C(OC3=O)OC)(C)C=C)C 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
[(1R,2S)-1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxypropan-2-yl] (2R,3S)-3-butanoyloxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate 15946302 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC(C)C(C)(C(=O)OC(C)C(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)O 494.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(1R,2S)-1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxypropan-2-yl]oxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl] hexanoate 15946380 Click to see CCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C(C)(C(=O)OC(C)C(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)O 522.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(1R,2S)-1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxypropan-2-yl]oxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl] octanoate 15946301 Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C(C)(C(=O)OC(C)C(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)O 550.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[1-(7-Methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)propan-2-yl] 3-butanoyloxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate 73202533 Click to see 494.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[3-Hydroxy-4-[1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl] hexanoate 73202576 Click to see 522.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
[3-Hydroxy-4-[1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl] octanoate 73202532 Click to see 550.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
Neohelmanthicin A 15946379 Click to see 506.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
Bisorbibetanone 139585265 Click to see 496.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.10.005
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones
Transtaganolide C 44559268 Click to see 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
Transtaganolide D 44559266 Click to see 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050115M
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
3-Methylcoumarin 17130 Click to see CC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O 160.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
Coumarin 323 Click to see 146.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960216
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxacycloicosane-5,20-dione 11210063 Click to see C1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(COC(=O)CCCCCC1)CO 342.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049781Y
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxacycloicosane-5,20-dione 21585561 Click to see 342.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049781Y
3-Hydroxy-1,5-dioxacyclohenicosane-6,21-dione 11772250 Click to see 342.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049781Y

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