Ferula communis, also known as giant fennel, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It is related to the common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). It is found in Mediterranean and East African woodlands and shrublands, and its young stems and inflorescences were eaten in ancient Rome and are still eaten in Morocco today. However, culinary uses of this species are not always safe and poisoning may occur. In Sardinia two different chemotypes of Ferula communis have been identified: poisonous and non-poisonous. The resin of the subspecies F. communis subsp. brevifolia is called “gum ammoniac of Morocco”. The phenolic compound ferulic acid is named for the giant fennel, from which it can be isolated. In Ancient Greek mythology, Prometheus gave mortals fire by hiding it in the plant's hollow stalk. The resin of Ferula species has been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity, and rods and whips for disciplinary purposes were made from the stalk of Ferula in the past.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Lophosciadium meoides	Calest.	Webbia 1: 238 (1905)
Peucedanum ferula	Baill.	Hist. Pl. 7: 186 (1879)
Bubon rigidior	L.	Sp. Pl. : 254 (1753)
Ferula abyssinica	Hochst. ex A.Rich.	Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 326 (1848)
Ferula anatriches	(Kotschy) Sint.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 31: 192 1881
Ferula communis var. anatriches	Kotschy	Ins. Cypern 302 1865
Ferula ferulago	L.	Sp. Pl. : 247 (1753)
Ferula lobeliana	Vis.	Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 215 (1870)
Ferula montis-elgonis	Bullock	Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 495 (1932)
Ferula nodiflora	L.	Sp. Pl. : 247 (1753)
Ferulago nodosa subsp. rigida	(Ten.) Troìa & Raimondo	Pl. Biosystems 146(Suppl.): 336 (2012)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	giant ferrel
English	giant fennel
Spanish	cañaheja
Spanish	caña
Spanish	cañajelda
Spanish	cañabeja
Spanish	caña del muermo
Amharic	ዶግ
Arabic	قنة معروف
Arabic	أبو كبير
Arabic	كلخ كبير
Azerbaijani	adi ilankölgəsi
Catalan	massota
Catalan	ferla
Catalan	canyaferla
co	ferla
co	vezza
Welsh	ffenigl mawr
German	gewöhnliches steckenkraut
German	gemeines steckenkraut
German	gemeines rutenkraut
German	riesenfenchel
Greek	Νάρθηκας
Greek	Φέρουλα η κοινή
Greek	άρτυκας
Esperanto	ordinara ferolo
Persian	رازیانه غول پیکر
Finnish	välimerenkeltaputki
French	ferule commune
French	grande férule
French	férule commune
Hebrew	כלך מצוי
Italian	finocchiaccio
Japanese	オオウイキョウ
Japanese	巨茴香
Uzbek	qatronlar o'ti yoki qatronli kenevir
Chinese	大阿魏

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Ferula communis subsp. brevifolia	(Link ex Schult.) Elalaoui ex Dobignard	Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 2: 95 (2011)
Ferula communis subsp. cardonae	Sánchez-Cux. & M.Bernal	Acta Bot. Barcinon. 45: 237 (1998)
Ferula communis subsp. catalaunica	(Pau) Sánchez-Cux. & M.Bernal	Acta Bot. Barcinon. 45: 236 (1998)
Ferula communis subsp. linkii	(Webb) Reduron & Dobignard	Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 2: 95 (2011)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000686505
Tropicos	1700089
INPN	98020
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:842235-1
The Plant List	kew-2808370
PFAF	Ferula communis
Open Tree Of Life	205363
Observations.org	117857
NCBI Taxonomy	54829
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004863
IUCN Red List	19349293
IPNI	842235-1
iNaturalist	333677
GBIF	6027108
Freebase	/m/0gg8jpx
EPPO	FERCO
EOL	2900076
USDA GRIN	16606
Wikipedia	Ferula_communis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Vertebrate Pollination of Angiosperms in the Mediterranean Area: A Review

Valdés B

Plants (Basel)

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976121
doi:	10.3390/plants13060895
PMID:	38592907

Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don

Demirel Ozbek Y, Saral O, Turker PF

PLoS One

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890727
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0299037
PMID:	38394328

The Contribution of Botanical Origin to the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Honeys

Harbane S, Escuredo O, Saker Y, Ghorab A, Nakib R, Rodríguez-Flores MS, Ouelhadj A, Seijo MC

Foods

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888090
doi:	10.3390/foods13040573
PMID:	38397550

Using Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Beekeeping Suitability in Portuguese Controlled Areas: A First Approach

Roque N, Fernandez P, Silveira C, Vilas-Boas M, Anjos O

Insects

29-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888816
doi:	10.3390/insects15020091
PMID:	38392511

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local people in Habru District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

Alemu M, Asfaw Z, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Debella A, Sisay B, Debebe E

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

04-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10768247
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00644-x
PMID:	38178202

Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells

Jayakumar R, Dash MK, Kumar P, Sharma S, Gulati S, Pandey A, Cholke K, Fatima Z, Trigun SK, Joshi N

J Ayurveda Integr Med

30-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10792653
doi:	10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100823
PMID:	38160612

Floristic composition and plant community distribution along environmental gradients in Guard dry Afromontane forest of Northwestern Ethiopia

Dagne Y, Birhanu L

BMC Ecol Evol

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10463663
doi:	10.1186/s12862-023-02154-6
PMID:	37635212

Cardiomyocyte Damage: Ferroptosis Relation to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Future Treatment Options

Laukaitiene J, Gujyte G, Kadusevicius E

Int J Mol Sci

16-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10454599
doi:	10.3390/ijms241612846
PMID:	37629039

In Vitro Evaluation of Ferutinin Rich-Ferula communis L., ssp. glauca, Root Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Antioxidant Properties and Cell Cycle Modulation

Macrì R, Bava I, Scarano F, Mollace R, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Greco M, Foti D, Tucci L, Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Tavernese A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V

Int J Mol Sci

13-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10454821
doi:	10.3390/ijms241612735
PMID:	37628916

Microfungi associated with dying Euphorbia mauritanica in South Africa and their relative pathogenicity

Marincowitz S, Pham NQ, Wingfield BD, Roets F, Wingfield MJ

Fungal Syst Evol

31-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10976952
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2023.12.04
PMID:	38550751

Review of potential spermatogenic and aphrodisiac effects of the Ferula genus

Bagheri SM, Shieh A, Ghalenoei JA, Yadegari M, Alborzi N

Clin Exp Reprod Med

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10477414
doi:	10.5653/cerm.2023.05995
PMID:	37643827

Assessment of the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Moroccan Ferula communis fruit in a mouse model

Nouioura G, Tourabi M, Tahraoui A, El-yagoubi K, Maache S, Elfatemi H, Lyoussi B, Derwich EH

Saudi Pharm J

07-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10415216
doi:	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101701
PMID:	37576855

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of root bark of Ferula communis (Apiaceae)

Yirdaw B, Kassa T

Vet Med Sci

01-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10357268
doi:	10.1002/vms3.1170
PMID:	37392454

An Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants in Tach Gayint District, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia

Yiblet Y, Adamu E

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

27-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10319463
doi:	10.1155/2023/7837615
PMID:	37408582

Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Calamus tenuis (Jati Bet) cane as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites

Kar A, Saikia D

Heliyon

23-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10238902
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16491
PMID:	37274658

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
(5-hydroxy-2a,7a-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5a,6,7-hexahydro-1aH-azuleno[6,7-b]oxiren-6-yl) 4-hydroxybenzoate	4545936	Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC2(C1C(CC3(C(C2)O3)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C)O	374.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[(1aS,2aR,5R,5aS,6S,7aR)-5-hydroxy-2a,7a-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5a,6,7-hexahydro-1aH-azuleno[6,7-b]oxiren-6-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	10237282	Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC2(C1C(CC3(C(C2)O3)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C)O	374.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzeneacetic acid, 2-hydroxy-alpha-oxo-, methyl ester	182159	Click to see COC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
Ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetate	10130332	Click to see CCOC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
Radinaphthalenone	139583325	Click to see CC1=C2C(=O)CCC(=O)C2=C(C=C1O)O	206.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Elemicin	10248	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC=C	208.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<335::AID-PTR306>3.0.CO;2-H
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
(2-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-2a,7a-dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5a,6,7-hexahydro-1aH-azuleno[6,7-b]oxiren-6-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	3831821	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2(C(O2)C(C3(C1C(CC3)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C	394.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Lapiferin	14239538	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC2(C(O2)C(C3(C1C(CC3)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C	394.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(4E,8E,12Z)-14-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one	10473486	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CO	356.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90496-5
(4E,8E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one	10246649	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O)C)C)C	340.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198945331
1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one	162948813	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O)C)C)C	340.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198945331
14-Hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one	85152895	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CO	356.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90496-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1-Acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-hydroxybenzoate	14396665	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C	416.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
(1-Acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	14396672	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(1-Acetyloxy-3,8-dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	76157166	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)O	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(1,8-Diacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	163040092	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C	518.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(1,8-Diacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	14039825	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C	488.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(1R,2S,4aS,5S,8S,8aR)-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyl-2,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1H-naphthalene-1,5-diol	10587196	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C1O)C(CCC2(C)O)C(C)(C)O	256.38	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000468F
(3-Hydroxy-3-isopropyl-6,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoate	496288	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	388.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
(3-Hydroxy-3-isopropyl-6,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) benzoate	496287	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)(C(C)C)O)C	342.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
(3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	162970430	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCC2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)C	320.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
(3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	72731789	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)C	384.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
(3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-hydroxybenzoate	496289	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)C	358.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000468F https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1443
(3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	14039831	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	372.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
(3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-oxo-3-propan-2-yl-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl) 3-methylbutanoate	14527072	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C(C)C)O)C	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
(3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-oxo-3-propan-2-yl-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	14527074	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	386.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
(3,8-Dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	74038962	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CC(C2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)O)C	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7
(3,8-Dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	162941189	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C)O	388.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(6,8a-Dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-1,4,5,8-tetrahydroazulen-6-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	163034476	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1(CCC2=C(C(=O)CC2(CC1=O)C)C(C)C)C	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
(7-Methyl-10-propan-2-yl-11-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.01,10]undec-4-en-4-yl)methyl 4-methoxybenzoate	76391409	Click to see CC(C)C12CCC3(C1(O2)CCC(=CC3)COC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)C	370.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(8-Acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	75130883	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
(8a-hydroxy-3a,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-2,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl) 4-methoxybenzoate	3842432	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(=O)CC(C2(CC1)O)C(C)C)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC	386.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
[(1R,3aS,4R,8S,8aS)-1-hydroxy-3a,6-dimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-1-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	163188086	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CC(C2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7
[(1R,7R,10R)-7-methyl-10-propan-2-yl-11-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.01,10]undec-4-en-4-yl]methyl 4-methoxybenzoate	56669232	Click to see CC(C)C12CCC3(C1(O2)CCC(=CC3)COC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)C	370.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-1-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	14527093	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCC2(C1C(CC2OC(=O)C(=CC)C)(C(C)C)O)C)C	418.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aR)-1,8-diacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	163040093	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C	518.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aR)-1,8-diacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	14039826	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C	488.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8S,8aR)-1,8-diacetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	54597864	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C	488.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8S,8aS)-1-acetyloxy-3,8-dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	54597863	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)O	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aR,4S,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-oxo-3-propan-2-yl-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	162968469	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CC(=O)C2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)C	334.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[(3R,3aR,4S,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-oxo-3-propan-2-yl-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	162900482	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C(C)C)O)C	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[(3R,3aR,4S,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-oxo-3-propan-2-yl-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	163024154	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	386.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[(3R,3aS,4S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	14466059	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)C	384.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[(3R,3aS,4S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	14138876	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCC2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)C	320.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[(3R,3aS,4S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	14396668	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	402.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	163193204	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)C	500.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	14239533	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C	456.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	162900718	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] benzoate	163191045	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)C	440.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3,8-dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	101713150	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CC(C2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)O)C	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-3,8-dihydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	162941190	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C)O	388.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aS,4S,8R,8aS)-8-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	162984538	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[(3R,3aS,4S,8S,8aS)-3-hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	163195321	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C	456.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[(6S,8aR)-6,8a-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-1,4,5,8-tetrahydroazulen-6-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	14239543	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1(CCC2=C(C(=O)CC2(CC1=O)C)C(C)C)C	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[1-Hydroxy-3a,6-dimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-1-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	163043392	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CC(C2(C1C(CC2)(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7
[3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate	163026243	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=CCC2(C1C(CC2OC(=O)C(=CC)C)(C(C)C)O)C)C	418.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
[3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	162877048	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)C	500.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	72728871	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C	456.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	162900716	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
[3-Hydroxy-6,8a-dimethyl-8-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3a,4,5,8-hexahydroazulen-4-yl] benzoate	163085720	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C=C(CC(C2C1(CCC2(C(C)C)O)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)C	440.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
2-hydroxy-3-[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]chromen-4-one	5459230	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(OC2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)O)C)C)C	366.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969253 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90496-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<335::AID-PTR306>3.0.CO;2-H
8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyl-2,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1H-naphthalene-1,5-diol	85196090	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C1O)C(CCC2(C)O)C(C)(C)O	256.38	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000468F
8-Daucene-2,4,6-triol, O-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl), 2-Ac	14396666	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C	416.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Fercomin	14486243	Click to see CC1=CC(C2(C(=O)CC(C2(CC1)O)C(C)C)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC	386.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81233-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
Ferutidin	10172562	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	372.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Ferutinine	354654	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)(C(C)C)O)C	358.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000468F https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Jaeskeanadiol	1403672	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)O)(C(C)C)O)C	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
NCGC00385575-01_C25H34O6_(1S,3R,3aS,4S,8aR)-1-Acetoxy-3-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-6,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydro-4-azulenyl 4-methoxybenzoate	14396673	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C(CC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)(C(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82543-1
Teferdin	10125942	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)(C(C)C)O)C	342.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Teferin	10271607	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC(C2C(C1)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)(C(C)C)O)C	388.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
1(10)E,5E-Germacradien-11-ol	10609095	Click to see CC1CCC=C(CCC(C=C1)C(C)(C)O)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
2-(4,8-Dimethylcyclodeca-2,7-dien-1-yl)propan-2-ol	73237633	Click to see CC1CCC=C(CCC(C=C1)C(C)(C)O)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
Allohedycariol	91748905	Click to see CC1CCCC(=C)CCC(C=C1)C(C)C	206.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
7-Methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde	163077954	Click to see CC1=CCC2C1C(OC=C2C=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	342.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
Pedunculoside	14286954	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	650.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(2E,6E,10E)-12-(4-hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienal	101826532	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)C=O	380.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
(2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl]nona-2,6-dienal	163038932	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)C=O	378.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
(2R)-2-[(2S,5E,9R)-2,9-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,10-dien-2-yl]-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]chromen-4-one	163190503	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(=CCCC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O)C)O	398.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
(2R)-2-[(3E,7E)-9-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl]-2-methylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one	162973520	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	380.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
(2R)-2-[(3E,7Z)-9-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl]-2-methylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one	162973519	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	380.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
(2R)-2-[(3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl]-2-methylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one	92151767	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)C)C	364.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84130-X
(Z)-omega-Acetoxyferulenol	163184487	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
(Z)-omega-Hydroxyferulenol	163184482	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
[(1S,4S,5R,8R,9R)-4,8,11-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridec-10-en-9-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	163073980	Click to see CC1C2CC(=O)C3(C2(CCC(=CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)C)OC1=O)C	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81233-9
[(1S,4S,5R,8S)-4,8,11-trimethyl-3,7-dioxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridec-10-en-9-yl] 4-methoxybenzoate	101982336	Click to see CC1C2CC(=O)C3(C2(CCC(=CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)C)OC1=O)C	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81233-9
[(2E,6E,10E)-12-(4-hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl] acetate	54729713	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[(2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl]nona-2,6-dienyl] acetate	163194273	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
[(2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-9-[(2S)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl]nona-2,6-dienyl] acetate	162843243	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
[(2Z,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl]nona-2,6-dienyl] acetate	163194272	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
[12-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl] acetate	76212270	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[12-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl] benzoate	76181930	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
[2,6-Dimethyl-9-(2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)nona-2,6-dienyl] acetate	162843240	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
12-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienal	162995491	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)C=O	380.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
2-(2,9-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,10-dien-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]chromen-4-one	163039308	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(=CCCC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O)C)O	398.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
2-(4,8-Dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-2-methylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one	361871	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)C)C	364.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84130-X
2-(9-Hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-2-methylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one	162973518	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	380.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
2,6-Dimethyl-9-(2-methyl-5-oxopyrano[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)nona-2,6-dienal	163038931	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C)CCC=C(C)C=O	378.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7
4-Hydroxy-3-(12-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)chromen-2-one	76212269	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
4-Hydroxy-3-(3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)chromen-2-one	54683686	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)C)C	366.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71730-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90496-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8
4-Hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl)chromen-2-one	162978101	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)O)C)C	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4
4-hydroxy-3-[(2E,5R,6E)-5-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]chromen-2-one	163191211	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)O)C)C	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4
4-hydroxy-3-[(2E,6E,10Z)-12-[(2E,5S,6E)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-5-yl]oxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]chromen-2-one	163194944	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)OCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4OC3=O)O)C)C)C)C)C	747.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4
4-Hydroxy-3-[12-[1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-5-yl]oxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]chromen-2-one	162847660	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)OCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4OC3=O)O)C)C)C)C)C	747.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4
E-omega-benzoyloxyferulenol	54713287	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
Ferulenol	54679300	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)C)C	366.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969253 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)71730-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90496-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<335::AID-PTR306>3.0.CO;2-H https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
omega-Hydroxyferulenol	54729712	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O)C)CCC=C(C)CO	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83654-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82255-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80778-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81522-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
3-[(E)-8-hydroxy-3-oxoheptadec-9-en-4,6-diynyl]-3-[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]chromene-2,4-dione	102154103	Click to see CCCCCCCC=CC(C#CC#CC(=O)CCC1(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O	624.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969253
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives
8-Hydroxy-3,5,8a-trimethyl-3,3a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one	162894957	Click to see CC1CCC(C2(C1=CC3C(C(=O)OC3C2)C)C)O	250.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers
(1R,16S)-9,10,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.23,6.218,21.18,12.027,31.016,35]heptatriaconta-3(37),4,6(36),8(35),9,11,18,20,24,26,31,33-dodecaen-32-ol	162914405	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C(=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C6C(CC7=CC=C(CO3)C=C7)N(CCC6=CC(=C5OC)OC)C)O)OC	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(1S)-1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-1-ol	162861931	Click to see CCC(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)O	210.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
[(1S,2S)-1-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxypropan-2-yl] (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxybutanoate	102272642	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)C(C)(C(=O)OC(C)C(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)O	506.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
1-(7-Methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-1-ol	14239524	Click to see CCC(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)O	210.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
Laserine	102571636	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)C(C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)OC(=O)C(=CC)C	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80105-P
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxanes / 1,2-dioxanes
2-[(3R,6R)-6-[(2S,5S)-5-ethenyl-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-6-methyldioxan-3-yl]propan-2-ol	162886356	Click to see CC1(CCC(O1)C2(CCC(OO2)C(C)(C)O)C)C=C	270.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50047A026
Fercoperol	129361	Click to see CC1(CCC(O1)C2(CCC(OO2)C(C)(C)O)C)C=C	270.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50047A026
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6-trimethylspiro[2,4,5,6-tetrahydroindene-7,3'-oxolane]-2'-one	14707166	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(=CCC2(C)CO)C13CC(OC3=O)C4=COC=C4)C)O	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
4,8-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-7-(4-methylhex-2-en-2-yl)-7H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-2,5-dione	162942445	Click to see CCC(C)C=C(C)C1C(C2=C(C(=C(C(=O)O2)C)O)C(=O)O1)(C)O	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
(2S,3S)-2-[(3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-one	14630586	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC1(C(CC2=C(O1)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)C)C)C	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<335::AID-PTR306>3.0.CO;2-H
(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-[(3E,7R)-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,8-dienyl]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-one	163192985	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(=CCCC1(C(CC2=C(O1)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)C)C)O	398.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-[(3E)-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,8-dienyl]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-one	14630588	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(=CCCC1(C(CC2=C(O1)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)C)C)O	398.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
2-(4,8-Dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-one	162932461	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC1(C(CC2=C(O1)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)C)C)C	382.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
3-Hydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,8-dienyl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-one	163008308	Click to see CC(=C)C(CCC(=CCCC1(C(CC2=C(O1)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)C)C)O	398.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
7-[[(2S,4aS,6S)-2,6-dihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy]chromen-2-one	5459231	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C(C2(CCC1O)C)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C=CC(=O)O4)(C)O)C	400.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
Samarcandin	71587098	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C(C2(CCC1O)C)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C=CC(=O)O4)(C)O)C	400.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
(2R)-2-[(E,2S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]chromen-4-one	163189093	Click to see CC(=O)C=CCC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
2-(2-Hydroxy-6-oxohept-4-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]chromen-4-one	85374544	Click to see CC(=O)C=CCC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85054-J
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 4-hydroxycoumarins
4-Hydroxy-3-nonyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one	54693224	Click to see CCCCCCCCCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2OC1=O)O	288.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP049706N
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
5,7-dihydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]chromen-2-one	10063133	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C23)O)O)O	296.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98073-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.001
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
4,8-Dihydroxy-5,7,9-trimethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione	73792597	Click to see CC1CCCC=CCC(OC(=O)CC(C(C(=O)C(C1O)C)C)O)C(=CC2=CSC(=N2)C)C	463.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84130-X

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Ferula communis

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top