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Angelica genuflexa

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440096413989814286625
Scientific name Angelica genuflexa
Authority Nutt.
First published in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 620 (1840)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Angelica genuflexa is cultivated and sold by native‑plant nurseries in the Pacific Northwest as seed, dormant crowns, and container‑grown plants ranging from 2‑inch plugs to 5‑gallon pots. Propagation is primarily by seed requiring cold stratification; some growers also divide mature clumps. The species appears in commercial horticultural lists such as Great Plant Picks and the Oregon Native Plant Society, where it is recommended for ornamental use in moist, partially shaded sites.

Properties relevant to use:
Hardy in USDA zones 5‑8, Angelica genuflexa thrives in consistently moist to seasonally wet soils with partial shade. It reaches 1–2 m in height, producing upright, hollow stems and large compound leaves. Flowering in early summer yields dense white‑to‑greenish umbels that attract native bees, butterflies and other pollinators. Its fibrous root system tolerates moderate flooding, making it suitable for rain‑garden, riparian plantings and soil‑stabilization projects.

Standards and regulation:
Nursery stock of Angelica genuflexa falls under USDA APHIS plant‑quarantine regulations for movement of native plant material. Labels must meet the National Plant Board’s horticultural labeling standards, providing botanical name, origin and any required phytosanitary certificates. International trade is governed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) phytosanitary certification system. State‑level regulations on seed and plant sales also apply.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Propagation from locally sourced seed maintains regional genetic integrity and promotes biodiversity. Certified seed follows guidelines from the Native Plant Seed Initiative and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for ethical collection in sensitive habitats. Sustainable nursery practices include harvesting seed only after natural set, rotating collection sites to avoid over‑exploitation, and providing documented seed origin. Planting cultivated Angelica genuflexa in restoration projects lowers wild‑collection pressure while aiding erosion control, pollinator support, and the development of native riparian plant communities.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Angelica caudata Franch. ex H.Boissieu Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 355 (1909)
Angelica genuflexa subsp. refracea (F.Schmidt) M.Hiroe Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 175 1950
Angelica refracta F.Schmidt Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. : 138 (1868)
Angelica refracta var. multinervis Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 32 1917
Angelica refracta var. yabeana (Makino) Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 32 1917
Angelica yabeana Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3 1(5): 347 (1907).
Angelica genuflexa subsp. refracta (Schmidt) Hiroë
Angelica reflexa B.Y.Lee J. Sp. Res. 2: 245 (2013)
Angelica genuflexa var. multinervis (Koidz.) M.Hiroe Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 175 (1950)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English kneeling angelica
Japanese オオバセンキュウ
Chinese 毛珠当归

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • Manchuria
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Kuril Islands
      • Magadan
      • Sakhalin
  • Northern America
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Aleutian Islands
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000536196
Canadensys 2537
USDA Plants ANGE2
Tropicos 1700301
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837628-1
The Plant List kew-2639082
Open Tree Of Life 628509
Observations.org 126170
NCBI Taxonomy 357848
Nature Serve 2.149776
IPNI 837628-1
iNaturalist 75450
GBIF 5371812
Freebase /m/04lhtsf
EOL 581760
Calflora (Californian flora) 366
USDA GRIN 452465
Wikipedia Angelica_genuflexa
CMAUP NPO7260
PFAF Angelica genuflexa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Apiaceae Medicinal Plants in China: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering (BF), and BF Control Methods Li M, Li M, Wang L, Li M, Wei J Molecules 27-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10254214
doi:10.3390/molecules28114384
PMID:37298861
Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Angelica reflexa That Improve Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion by Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Metabolism Kim HS, Lee D, Seo YH, Ryu SM, Lee AY, Moon BC, Kim WJ, Kang KS, Lee J Pharmaceutics 13-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10146581
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15041239
PMID:37111724
Experimental addition of marine-derived nutrients affects wildflower traits in a coastal meta-ecosystem Dennert AM, Elle E, Reynolds JD R Soc Open Sci 25-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9874277
doi:10.1098/rsos.221008
PMID:36704256
Naturally Occurring Chromone Glycosides: Sources, Bioactivities, and Spectroscopic Features Amen Y, Elsbaey M, Othman A, Sallam M, Shimizu K Molecules 16-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8704703
doi:10.3390/molecules26247646
PMID:34946728
Development of Genome-Wide SSR Markers from Angelica gigas Nakai Using Next Generation Sequencing Gil J, Um Y, Kim S, Kim OT, Koo SC, Reddy CS, Kim SC, Hong CP, Park SG, Kim HB, Lee DH, Jeong BH, Chung JW, Lee Y Genes (Basel) 21-Sep-2017
PMCID:PMC5664088
doi:10.3390/genes8100238
PMID:28934115
Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Angelica gigas Nakai Extracts Prepared Using Different Extraction Conditions Noh BY, Lee HJ, Do JR, Kim HK Prev Nutr Food Sci 31-Dec-2014
PMCID:PMC4287319
doi:10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.274
PMID:25580391
Gitksan medicinal plants-cultural choice and efficacy Johnson LM J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Jun-2006
PMCID:PMC1564001
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-29
PMID:16790066
Platelet anti-aggregatory effects of coumarins from the roots of Angelica genuflexa and A. gigas. Lee YY, Lee S, Jin JL, Yun-Choi HS Arch Pharm Res 01-Sep-2003
doi:10.1007/BF02976681
PMID:14560920
Coumarins and chromones from Lomatium macrocarpum Warren Steck Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Tetralins
(3S)-5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one 101574644 Click to see 232.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Hexacosanoic Acid 10469 Click to see 396.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxyoctadecoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 16681227 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(C(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)C)O)O)O)O)O)O 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
(5S,6S)-6-ethenyl-3,6-dimethyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yl-5,7-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-one 10376566 Click to see 230.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
alpha-Pinene, (+)- 82227 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1S,3aR,4R,7S)-1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-azulene-1,4,7-triol 57404490 Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC(C2CCC(C2=C1)(C)O)(C)O)O 254.36 unknown via CMAUP database
(8S)-1,5,8-Trimethyl-8,9-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan-6(7H)-one 71349601 Click to see 228.29 unknown via CMAUP database
2-[(1S,2R,4S,7R,8R)-1,7-dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undecan-4-yl]propan-2-ol 57404491 Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C3(CCC2O3)C)C(C)(C)O 238.37 unknown via CMAUP database
Dihydropyrocurzerenone 91734838 Click to see 214.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
(1R,2R,4aS,5S,8aR)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-2-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1,5-diol 14137572 Click to see 238.37 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,4R,4aR,6S,8aS)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalene-1,4a-diol 16681228 Click to see 256.38 unknown via CMAUP database
2-[(2R,4aR,8R,8aR)-8-methoxy-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol 57404492 Click to see 254.41 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(6S,7R,8E)-7-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-10-methylidene-5,6,7,11-tetrahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-one 10923274 Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2=C(CC(=C)C=CC1OC)OC=C2C 260.33 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1(10)E,2R,4R)]-2-Methoxy-8,12-epoxygemacra-1(10),7,11-trien-6-one 11747425 Click to see CC1CC(C=C(CC2=C(C(=CO2)C)C(=O)C1)C)OC 262.34 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
(4S,6S,8E,10S)-4,8,13-Trimethyl-6-methoxy-11-oxabicyclo[8.3.0]tridecane-1(13),7-diene-2,12-dione 24882167 Click to see CC1CC(C=C(CC2C(=C(C(=O)O2)C)C(=O)C1)C)OC 278.34 unknown via CMAUP database
(6S,8S,9E,11aR)-11a-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,6,10-trimethyl-6,7,8,11-tetrahydro-5H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2,4-dione 101574643 Click to see 294.34 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(1S,3S,4R,5S,6R,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(E,2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-4,5,6-triol 24770735 Click to see 474.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,3S,4R,5S,6R,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-4,5,6-triol 16681226 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C(C(C(C5(C)C)O)O)O)C)C 458.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,3S,4R,8S,9R,11S,14S,15S,18R,19R)-6,6,10,10,15,19-hexamethyl-18-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-5,7-dioxahexacyclo[12.7.0.01,3.03,11.04,8.015,19]henicosan-9-ol 101574638 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C6C(C(C5(C)C)O)OC(O6)(C)C)C)C 498.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(23E)-5alpha-Cycloarta-23-ene-1alpha,3alpha,25-triol 101574637 Click to see CC(CC=CC(C)(C)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C(CC(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C 458.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-4,5-dihydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl] 3-methylbutanoate 24770662 Click to see 542.80 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1S,3S,4R,5R,6R,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-4,5-dihydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl] acetate 24770658 Click to see 500.80 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1S,3S,4R,5S,6R,8S,11S,12S,15R,16R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl] acetate 24770661 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C(C(C(C5(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C)C)C 500.80 unknown via CMAUP database
5alpha-Cycloarta-24-ene-1alpha,3alpha-diol 101574641 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)C(CC(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
rel-1S,2S-epoxy-4R-furanogermacr-10(15)-en-6-one 10444597 Click to see 246.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Acetals / Ketals
(1S,8S,10S,11R)-10-methoxy-4,8,12-trimethyl-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.01,5]tetradeca-4,12-diene-3,6-dione 101574639 Click to see 292.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones / Furanochromones
Cimifugin 441960 Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2OC)C(=O)C=C(O3)CO)O 306.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Pyranochromenes
Hamaudol 164722 Click to see 276.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol 10478277 Click to see 438.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Osthol 10228 Click to see 244.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976681
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
Pimpinellin 4825 Click to see 246.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
(+)-Oxypeucedanin 928465 Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=C3C=CC(=O)OC3=CC4=C2C=CO4)C 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
Gosferol 511358 Click to see 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976681
Heraclenin 458010 Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=C3C(=CC4=C2OC=C4)C=CC(=O)O3)C 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
Isoimperatorin 68081 Click to see 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976681
Marmesinin 216283 Click to see 408.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
Pabulenol 3009225 Click to see CC(=C)C(COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3)O 286.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976681
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Demethylsuberosin 5316525 Click to see 230.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0
Umbelliferone 5281426 Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O 162.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85135-0

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