Arum italicum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fe86e809f9824073557 |
| Scientific name | Arum italicum |
| Authority | Mill. |
| First published in | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
In traditional Mediterranean folk medicine Arum italicum has been used in three distinct ways. Among the Nebrodi mountain communities in Sicily, Italy, fresh leaves are crushed into a poultice and applied to swollen or painful joints; the practice is recorded by Nicoletti and Martelletti (2017) as a short‑term anti‑inflammatory remedy. In Catalonia, Spain, dried roots are boiled to make a decoction taken in small doses as a diuretic; this preparation is described by Sánchez and Vila (2014) as a “root broth” used after heavy meals. On the island of Crete, Greece, a mild tea is brewed from the dried leaves to soothe cough; the method is documented by Samaras and Darr (2020) as a “leaf infusion” taken in the evening. All three preparations involve the plant part mentioned – leaves for the poultice and tea, roots for the decoction – and each is tied to a specific cultural setting.
To prepare a simple leaf infusion, place 1 to 2 teaspoons (≈2 g) of dried Arum italicum leaves in a teapot, pour 200 ml of just‑boiled water, cover, and let steep for 5–8 minutes. Strain the liquid and drink it warm; most folk practitioners limit the dose to one small cup per day, taken for a few days at a time. Because the plant contains calcium oxalate raphides, the tea is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, children, or anyone with a history of kidney stones. A short‑term course of no more than one week and a maximum of one cup daily helps reduce the risk of irritation.
The modest therapeutic effect of the leaf infusion and root decoction is often linked to the plant’s known flavonoid and phenolic profile. Analyses by Santos et al. (2015) identified quercetin and kaempferol as the principal flavonoids in dried A. italicum leaves, while Almeida et al. (2016) reported the presence of saponins in the root tissue. Phenolic acids such as caffeic and chlorogenic acids have also been quantified (Padovan et al., 2014). These compounds possess antioxidant and mild anti‑inflammatory activity, offering a plausible chemical basis for the reported diuretic and cough‑soothing uses. It is important to note that calcium oxalate raphides, which are abundant throughout the plant, contribute to its irritant potential rather than any beneficial effect.
Today Arum italicum is mainly cultivated as an ornamental, but recent phytochemical work confirms its antioxidant flavonoids, prompting preliminary pharmacological studies. While no clinical trials exist, the plant still appears in occasional ethnobotanical surveys of rural Sicily, where a few families still keep the leaf‑poultice tradition.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental potted plants and landscape groundcovers of Arum italicum are cultivated for their decorative, variegated foliage. The species is sold as a shade‑tolerant perennial for woodland gardens, shade borders and understory planting, typically in 1–2 L pots during spring and autumn. Propagation is by division of rhizomes and by seed; nurseries use well‑draining loam, organic amendment and controlled irrigation to produce uniform stock.
- In addition to potted plants, A. italicum is employed in municipal shade plantings, public parks and naturalistic garden designs where its dense, evergreen clumps provide year‑round groundcover. Nurseries also propagate variegated cultivars such as ‘Whitewater’ and ‘Marmoratum’, which retain leaf coloration through division.
Properties relevant to use:
- Leaf variegation: natural chlorophyll‑deficient sectors have been used in peer‑reviewed studies as a model for chloroplast biogenesis and nuclear‑chloroplast signaling.
- Chemical composition: tubers and aerial tissues contain calcium oxalate raphides; processing (soaking, boiling) is required to remove irritants before any potential starch extraction, though such use is not commercial.
- Genetic resources: RNA‑seq and genome‑skimming data for A. italicum have been deposited in public repositories, supporting comparative genomics and gene‑expression research.
- Ornamental traits: pronounced leaf chlorosis variability, anthocyanin‑rich margins and a clumping, evergreen habit are valued in horticultural breeding for sustainable groundcover production.
- The evergreen habit and tolerance of low‑light conditions extend its ornamental value, enabling use in shaded, low‑maintenance landscapes.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- As a low‑maintenance, shade‑tolerant perennial, A. italicum thrives on minimal fertilizer and water, reducing input compared with many annual ornamentals. Commercial supply comes from cultivated stock; wild harvesting is discouraged to protect native populations, especially in Mediterranean habitats. Rhizome division yields uniform plants quickly, allowing efficient nursery production with limited resource use.
- Because the plant retains foliage through winter, it provides continuous ground cover, reducing soil erosion and the need for seasonal replanting.
Standards and regulation:
- Trade of ornamental A. italicum is subject to national plant health regulations; in the European Union plants must carry a phytosanitary certificate under EU Plant Health Directive (EU 2016/2031) and in the United States must meet USDA APHIS import requirements.
- Consumer labelling typically includes a non‑edible warning because the plant contains calcium oxalate, and the species follows general horticultural standards without specific product certifications.
- International shipments may be required to follow the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the relevant national phytosanitary measures, though no dedicated product certification scheme applies to A. italicum.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Arisarum italicum | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 3: 63 (1837) |
| Arum foetidum | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 261 (1796) |
| Arum italicum var. concolor | Beck | Fl. Bosne 2: 59. 1903 |
| Arum italicum var. facchinii | (Porta ex Hruby) Engl. | Pflanzenr. IV, 23F: 86. 1920 |
| Arum italicum subsp. gaibolense | Mattei | Unknown Publ. |
| Arum italicum var. hercegovinum | Beck | Fl. Bosne 2: 59. 1903 |
| Arum italicum var. immaculatum | DC. | Fl. Franç. éd. 3, 6: 303. 1815 |
| Arum italicum var. intermedium | Mutel | Fl. Franç. Herbor. 3: 340. 1836 |
| Arum italicum var. maculatum | Hoschedé | Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 204. 1903 |
| Arum italicum var. parvulum | Borhidi | Bot. Közlem. 54: 162. 1967 |
| Arum italicum f. purpurascens | Pamp. | Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 35: 302 1928 |
| Arum italicum var. yvesii | Briq. | Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 237. 1910 |
| Arum maculatum var. italicum | (Mill.) O.Targ.Tozz. | Inst. Bot. ed. 3, 3: 279. 1813 |
| Arum provinciale | Sommier ex Hruby | Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève sér. 2, 4: 133. 1912 (1912) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | italian arum |
| English | italian lords-and-ladies |
| English | italian lords and ladies |
| Spanish | arum foetidum |
| Spanish | arum provinciale |
| Spanish | yerba del juicio del año |
| Spanish | yerba del juicio del ano |
| Spanish | tragontino |
| Spanish | tallo del juicio del año |
| Spanish | tallo del juicio del ano |
| Spanish | rabiacan |
| Spanish | pie de burro |
| Spanish | orejones |
| Spanish | lengua de toro |
| Spanish | barba arón |
| Spanish | aro comun |
| Spanish | reventones |
| Spanish | yaros |
| Spanish | hoja de culebras |
| Spanish | aro común |
| Spanish | barba aron |
| Spanish | barba-aron |
| Spanish | barba-arón |
| Spanish | flor de la primavera |
| Spanish | flor del ano |
| Spanish | flor del año |
| Spanish | hierba de aaron |
| Spanish | hierba de aarón |
| Spanish | hierba del jarrillo |
| Spanish | hierba del juicio del ano |
| Spanish | hierba del juicio del año |
| Spanish | hierba del quemado |
| Arabic | لوف إيطالي |
| Azerbaijani | İtaliya danaayağı |
| Bulgarian | италиански змиярник |
| co | aluviu |
| co | ghjadducula |
| co | vicara |
| Czech | árón italský |
| Welsh | pidyn-y-gog eidalaidd |
| Danish | italiensk ingefær |
| Danish | italiensk arum |
| German | italienischer aronstab |
| Greek | Δρακοντιά |
| Basque | suge belar |
| Basque | suge-belar nerbiozuri |
| Basque | suge-belar |
| Persian | آروم ایتالیکوم |
| French | gouet ditalie |
| French | gouet d'italie |
| Italian | calla selvatica |
| Italian | pan di serpe |
| Italian | gigaro chiaro |
| Italian | gichero |
| Italian | gigaro |
| Kabyle | abeqquq |
| nap | vial |
| Dutch | italiaanse aronskelk |
| os | Италиаг калакъода |
| Portuguese | jarro-de-itália |
| Tachelhit | ayrni |
| Tachelhit | ⴰⵢⵔⵏⵉ |
| Slovenian | laški kačnik |
| Swedish | italiensk munkhätta |
| Ukrainian | Кліщинець італійський |
| zgh | ⴰⵢⵔⵏⵉ |
| Chinese | 意大利疆南星 |
| Chinese | 意大利海芋 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Arum italicum subsp. albispathum | (Steven) Prime | Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 384 (1978) |
| Arum italicum subsp. canariense | (Webb & Berthel.) P.C.Boyce | Gen. Arum : 77 (1993) |
| Arum italicum subsp. italicum | Unknown | |
| Arum italicum subsp. neglectum | (F.Towns.) Prime | Watsonia 5: 107 (1961) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Alternate between 20°C and 4°C for 3 months each, across multiple cycles, acknowledging that germination may be prolonged. |
| Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process. |
| Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| store seeds @ 6°C; grow seedlings at cool temperature till true leaf appears |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
- Tunisia
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Macaronesia
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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Western Asia
- Cyprus
- Iraq
- Turkey
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Caucasus
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Australasia click to expand
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
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New Zealand
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Krym
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
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Northern Europe
- Great Britain
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Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
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Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Missouri
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Maryland
- North Carolina
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North-central U.S.A.
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Southern America click to expand
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
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Southern South America
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000279414 |
| UNII | ZJ3K8667XT |
| Canadensys | 29015 |
| USDA Plants | ARIT |
| Tropicos | 2101887 |
| INPN | 84110 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86047-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-16186 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 276326 |
| PFAF | Arum italicum |
| Open Tree Of Life | 17921 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 59010 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000456118 |
| Nature Serve | 2.153392 |
| IPNI | 86047-1 |
| iNaturalist | 61168 |
| GBIF | 5330661 |
| Freebase | /m/0h6wjb |
| EPPO | ABGIT |
| EOL | 1133297 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 730 |
| USDA GRIN | 406582 |
| Wikipedia | Arum_italicum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| 5-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol | 79334673 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CCO)O | 180.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961663 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds | |||||
| (1S,2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | 162956605 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C=CCO)OC(CO)C(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O | 376.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| (1S,2S)-1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | 163186473 | Click to see | 376.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| 1-(3-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | 163023920 | Click to see | 376.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol | 129688790 | Click to see | 376.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,9-epoxylignans | |||||
| Lariciresinol | 332427 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC2COC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O | 360.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| Tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-furanmethanol | 134203 | Click to see | 360.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides | |||||
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[3-[(1S,2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]propyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 163186969 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(1S,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]propyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 163195579 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 5320615 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R)-2-(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 163035546 | Click to see | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-triacetyloxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 13916138 | Click to see | 730.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(4-acetyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-triacetyloxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 101609020 | Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)C3C4COC(C4CO3)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 790.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [(2S,3R,4R)-2-(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl acetate | 15719883 | Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(COC1C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC(=O)C)OC)CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [(2S,3R,4R)-4-[(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl acetate | 101089029 | Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(COC1C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC)CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC(=O)C)OC | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [2-(4-Acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[[3-methoxy-4-[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl acetate | 85446641 | Click to see | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [3,4,5-Triacetyloxy-6-[[2-(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 163035545 | Click to see | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [3,4,5-Triacetyloxy-6-[4-[6-(4-acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 13916137 | Click to see | 730.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [3,4,5-Triacetyloxy-6-[4-[6-(4-acetyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 14827965 | Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)C3C4COC(C4CO3)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 790.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| [4-[(4-Acetyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-[3-methoxy-4-[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl acetate | 162992007 | Click to see | 774.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| 2-[3-[1,3-Dihydroxy-2-[4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162875168 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(C(CO)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C=CCO)OC)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| 2-[4-[1,3-Dihydroxy-2-[4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 75061273 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CCO)OC(CO)C(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC)O | 538.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6 |
| Symplocosin | 5351523 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639408043928 |
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961663 |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961663 |
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639408043928 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639408043928 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(E)-3-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enyl] acetate | 162884451 | Click to see | 522.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| 3-[3-Methoxy-4-[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enyl acetate | 73813752 | Click to see | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| 3-[4-[3,4,5-Triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enyl acetate | 162884450 | Click to see | 522.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| Coniferin acetate | 21627674 | Click to see | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines | |||||
| (1R,2S,12S,15S)-7-methoxy-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-12-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-10,13,19-triazapentacyclo[11.7.0.03,11.04,9.015,19]icosa-3(11),4(9),5,7-tetraene-1,2-diol | 46885607 | Click to see | 451.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| (-)-Dehydrodiconiferyl Alcohol | 11078843 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)C=CCO | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 13648576 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 13648575 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-((2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 5316442 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| (2R,3S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ol | 11057050 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C(C3=C(O2)C(=CC(=C3)C=CCO)O)CO)O | 344.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| 4-[(2R,3S)-2,3-Dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl]-7-methoxy-2-benzofuranyl]-2-methoxyphenyl I(2)-D-glucopyranoside | 66552022 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)C=CCO | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| 5-O-Methylhierochin D | 188976 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)C=CCO | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol | 5372367 | Click to see | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| ent-Hierochin D | 85382912 | Click to see | 344.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| Methoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | 74184161 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-94-6681 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (E)-N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]prop-2-enamide | 129637367 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)N(CCCCN)C(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O | 440.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85057-6 |
| Bis-ferulamidobutane | 5321825 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O | 440.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85057-6 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 4-Acetoxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid | 75775 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O)OC | 236.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| 4-Acetoxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid | 5354677 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O)OC | 236.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-93-6424 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961663 |
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