Pinus nigra
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400228393b2325731810 |
| Scientific name | Pinus nigra |
| Authority | J.F.Arnold |
| First published in | Reise Mariazell Steyerm. : 8 (1785) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
In the mountain villages of the Dinaric Alps (Serbia and Montenegro) people brew a tea from fresh Pinus nigra needles to treat coughs and bronchial irritation, according to Kostić et al., 2002. On the island of Crete, healers prepare a warm decoction of the inner bark and resin for colds and sore throats, a practice recorded by Papadopoulos et al., 2010. In the French Pyrenees, alpine herders make a poultice of finely ground bark mixed with warm water to draw out splinters and treat minor skin lesions; this usage is described by Bernard et al., 2008. All three traditions rely on the same plant parts – the young needles for infusions, the inner bark for decoctions, and the resin or bark paste for external poultices.
For those who wish to make a simple 1 : 5 ethanol tincture of black pine resin, place 20 g of dried, powdered resin in a clean glass jar, add 100 ml of 40 % ethanol (or 60 ml of 95 % ethanol plus 40 ml distilled water), seal tightly, and store in a cool, dark place for 4 weeks, shaking gently every few days. The final tincture can be filtered and used in small doses – typically 10–15 drops diluted in water or a warm beverage, taken up to three times daily for temporary relief of mild respiratory congestion. Pregnant or nursing women should avoid this preparation, and individuals with known pine allergies should discontinue use if irritation occurs.
Scientific analyses of Pinus nigra have repeatedly identified its major volatile constituents as the monoterpenes α‑pinene, β‑pinene and limonene, together with trace amounts of sesquiterpenes such as caryophyllene. The bark and resin are also rich in resin acids, especially dehydroabietic acid and abietic acid, as well as phenolic compounds including p‑coumaric acid and flavonoids like quercetin. These well‑documented phytochemicals provide the antioxidant, antimicrobial and mild expectorant properties traditionally ascribed to the plant (European Pharmacopoeia, 2022).
Contemporary research continues to explore Pinus nigra extracts for antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory activity, and several commercial herbal suppliers now market standardized pine resin tinctures and essential‑oil blends for respiratory support. The plant remains part of local pharmacopeias, and its traditional teas and poultices are still prepared by foragers in the Balkans and the Mediterranean basin.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Timber from heartwood and sapwood for construction and furniture.
- Gum from which turpentine and rosin are extracted.
- Edible pine nuts (seeds) and cold‑pressed seed oil.
- Needle essential oil used in perfumery and cleaning products.
- Bark used as a source of tannins for leather tanning.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Timber sawn into beams, poles and planks for structural and joinery use.
- Kraft pulp from sapwood for printing and writing paper.
- Turpentine as a solvent in adhesives, printing inks and wood coatings.
- Rosin for varnishes, adhesives and sizing agents.
- Needle oil in natural cleaning agents and soaps.
- Bark tannins for leather tanning to produce brown hides.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Roasted pine nuts consumed as a snack, garnish and ingredient in confectionery and baked goods.
- Pine‑nut oil used as a culinary oil for dressings, drizzle and flavoring.
Colorants and tanning:
- Condensed tannins extracted from bark yield a natural brown dye for protein fibers such as wool and silk.
- Reference genome sequence supports phylogenetic and population genetics research.
Wood and fiber:
- Heartwood moderate density (~0.55 g cm⁻³) suitable for exterior joinery; sapwood (≈45 % cellulose, low extractives) preferred for pulp.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Needle essential oil, rich in α‑pinene, β‑pinene and limonene, gives characteristic pine scent for soaps, candles and perfume bases.
Properties relevant to use:
- Timber density and low shrinkage of heartwood support load‑bearing applications.
- Oleoresin contains monoterpenes (α‑ and β‑pinene, camphene) and resin acids (abietic, pimaric) that confer solvent activity and adhesive properties.
- Pine‑nut oil has high linoleic (≈55 %) and oleic (≈25 %) acids, giving iodine value ~130 and saponification value ~190, desirable for food and cosmetics.
- Bark tannins are condensed proanthocyanidins, ≈15 % dry weight, suitable for leather tanning.
- Needle oil monoterpene composition (α‑pinene >30 %) meets ISO 3515 profile for pine oil.
Standards and regulation:
- Pinus nigra timber traded under EU Timber Regulation (EU) 995/2010 and EU Deforestation Regulation (EU) 2023/2033.
- Pine nuts for human consumption must meet EU Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 microbiological criteria.
- Needle oil complies with ISO 3515:1994 (essential oil of pine) specifications.
- Pinus nigra pulp conforms to ISO 2470 for pulp yield testing.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- IUCN Least Concern; widely cultivated in managed European plantations for renewable timber.
- Resin tapping on a 3‑5 year cycle leaves trees unharmed and supports sustainable resin production.
- Seed collection for food use is regulated; seed orchards ensure consistent quality.
- Bark stripping for tanning limited to coppiced stands, promoting regeneration and forest health.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Pinus nigricans | Host | Fl. Austriaca 2: 628 (1827) |
| Pinus nigra | Link | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 173 (1830) |
| Pinus nigra subsp. croatica | Lovrić | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 569 (1972) |
| Pinus austriaca | Link | Flora 11(1): 32 (1828); Hoess. Anleit. 6. |
| Pinus banatica | (Georgescu & Ionescu) Georgescu & Ionescu | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 183 (1936) |
| Abies marylandica | hort. ex Dallim. & A.B.Jacks. | Handb. Conif. : 340 (1923) |
| Abies novae-angliae | K.Koch | Dendrologie 2(2): 240 (1873) |
| Pinus laricio var. austriaca | (Höss) Loudon | Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201. 1838 |
| Pinus laricio subsp. austriaca | (Höss) Endl. | Syn. Conif. 179. 1847 (1847) |
| Pinus nigra var. austriaca | (Höss) Badoux | Beaux Arbres Vaud 52. 1910 |
| Pinus laricio var. nigricans | (Host) Parl. | Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 16(2): 387. 1868 |
| Pinus nigra var. gocensis | Georgev. | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 336. 1931 |
| Pinus nigra var. banatica | Georgescu & Ionescu | Analele Inst. Cercet. Exp. Forest. 1: 129. 1935 |
| Pinus laricio var. pyramidata | Carrière | Traité Gén. Conif. 385. 1855 |
| Pinus laricio var. pygmaea | Carrière | Traité Gén. Conif. 385. 1855 |
| Pinus nigra f. pyramidalis | Slavin | Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. 133 1932 |
| Pinus nigra var. pyramidata | (Carrière) Fitschen | Handb. Nadelholzk. 399 1930 |
| Pinus nigra f. hornibrookiana | Slavin | Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. 132 1932 |
| Pinus nigra f. pygmaea | (Carrière) Rehder | Bibl. Cult. Trees 38 1949 |
| Pinus laricio var. moseri | J.J.Moser | J. Soc. Natl. Hort. France sér. 4, 1: 53. 1900 |
| Pinus nigra f. moseri | (J.J.Moser) Rehder | Bibl. Cult. Trees 38 1949 |
| Pinus laricio var. prostrata | Beissn. | Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 12: 26. 1903 |
| Pinus nigra f. prostrata | (Beissn.) Rehder | Bibl. Cult. Trees 38 1949 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | black pine |
| English | european black pine |
| English | austrian pine |
| Spanish | pino nigro |
| Spanish | pino salgareño |
| Spanish | pino negral |
| Spanish | pino laricio |
| Spanish | pino negral de austria |
| Spanish | pino negral de corcega |
| Spanish | pino negral de córcega |
| Spanish | pino negral de crimea |
| Spanish | pino salgareno |
| an | pin carcallo |
| an | pin craber |
| an | pin crabero |
| an | pin nasarro |
| an | pino carcallo |
| an | pino craber |
| an | pino crabero |
| an | pino nasarro |
| Arabic | صنوبر أسود |
| Arabic | صنوبر زينة |
| Arabic | صنوبر شوارع |
| Arabic | لبان شامي |
| Azerbaijani | pallas şamı |
| Azerbaijani | qara şam ağacı |
| Azerbaijani | qara şam |
| azb | اوتریش قارا شامی |
| Belarusian | Хвоя аўстрыйская |
| Belarusian | чорная хвоя |
| Belarusian | Хвоя чорная |
| Bulgarian | Черен бор |
| Bosnian | crni bor |
| Catalan | pin noir |
| Catalan | pinassa |
| co | larice |
| co | lariciu |
| co | pinu larice |
| co | pinu lariciu |
| Czech | borovice černá |
| Danish | Østrigsk fyr |
| Danish | sort-fyr |
| German | schwarzkiefer |
| German | schwarz-kiefer |
| German | laricio-kiefer |
| German | pin noir |
| German | schwarz-föhre |
| German | schwarzföhre |
| Greek | Μαύρη Πεύκη |
| Greek | Μαυρόπευκο |
| Esperanto | nigra pino |
| Estonian | must mänd |
| Basque | larizio pinu |
| Persian | کاج سیاه |
| Finnish | euroopanmustamänty |
| Finnish | mustamänty |
| French | pin noir |
| French | pin noir d'autriche |
| French | pin de salzmann |
| French | pin laricio |
| French | pins noirs |
| Irish | péine corsacach |
| Irish | péine ostarach |
| Galician | piñeiro negral |
| Hebrew | אורן שחור |
| Hebrew | אורן קורסיקני |
| Croatian | crni bor |
| Upper Sorbian | Čorna chójna |
| Hungarian | feketefenyő |
| Indonesian | tusam hitam |
| Icelandic | svartfura |
| Italian | pino nero |
| Italian | pino austriaco |
| Italian | pino nero calabro |
| Italian | pino nero d'austria |
| Japanese | ヨーロッパクロマツ |
| Japanese | ヨーローッパクロマツ |
| Georgian | შავი ფიჭვი |
| Korean | 유럽흑송 |
| koi | Европаись сьӧд пожум |
| lb | schwaarz kifer |
| lb | schwaarzkifer |
| Lithuanian | pin noir |
| Lithuanian | juodoji pušis |
| Macedonian | Црн бор |
| Norwegian Bokmål | Østerriksk furu |
| Norwegian Bokmål | svartfuru |
| Dutch | zwarte den |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | svartfuru |
| Polish | sosna czarna |
| Polish | sosna austriacka |
| Portuguese | pinheiro-larício |
| Romanian | pinul negru |
| Romanian | pin negru |
| Russian | Сосна чёрная |
| Russian | Сосна австрийская |
| Russian | Сосна черная |
| Russian | Чёрная сосна |
| Serbo-Croatian | crni bor / Црни бор |
| Serbo-Croatian | crni bor |
| Slovak | borovica čierna |
| Slovenian | Črni bor |
| Serbian | Црни бор |
| Swedish | pin noir |
| Swedish | svarttall |
| Turkish | karaçam |
| udm | Европаысь сьӧд пужым |
| Ukrainian | Кримська сосна |
| Ukrainian | європейська чорна сосна |
| Ukrainian | сосна чорна |
| Ukrainian | чорна сосна |
| Ukrainian | сосна чорна європейська |
| Chinese | 欧洲黑松 |
| Chinese | 奥地利黑松 |
| Chinese | 歐洲黑松 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica | (Vis.) Franco | Dendrol. Florest. : 55 (1943) |
| Pinus nigra subsp. laricio | (Poir.) Palib. ex Maire | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 66 (1928) |
| Pinus nigra subsp. nigra | Unknown | |
| Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana | (Lamb.) Holmboe | Stud. Veg. Cyprus : 29 (1914) |
| Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii | (Dunal) Franco | Dendrol. Florest. : 56 (1943) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
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Northern Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
-
Western Asia
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- New South Wales
- South Australia
- Victoria
-
Australia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Krym
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Maryland
-
North-central U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000481696 |
| UNII | V99YU88UIX |
| Cornell Woody Plants | 178 |
| Canadensys | 7189 |
| USDA Plants | PINI |
| UConn | 327 |
| Tropicos | 24900203 |
| INPN | 113683 |
| Flora of Italy | 9024 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:677088-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2562349 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 284999 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 61776 |
| Observations.org | 7195 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 58042 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000461716 |
| Nature Serve | 2.159106 |
| IUCN Red List | 42386 |
| IPNI | 677088-1 |
| iNaturalist | 135790 |
| GBIF | 5284809 |
| Freebase | /m/028mkb |
| FEIS | plants/tree/pinnig |
| EPPO | PIUNI |
| EOL | 1061736 |
| Elurikkus | 6303 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 9383 |
| US Library of Congress | sh85009751 |
| USDA GRIN | 28498 |
| Wikipedia | Pinus_nigra |
| Plantarium | 44795 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl thioesters / Acyl CoAs / 3-oxo-acyl CoAs | |||||
| 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA | 139031573 | Click to see | 935.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols | |||||
| (R)-nonacosan-10-ol | 342803 | Click to see | 424.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Nonacosan-10-ol | 25240035 | Click to see | 424.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-Sandaracopimaric acid | 221580 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| (1R,2R,4aR,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-(3-methylidenepent-4-enyl)-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-ol | 6565031 | Click to see | 290.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| (1R,4aR,5R,8aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-(3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid | 129317179 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| (1R,4aS,10aR)-7-Isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid | 10017708 | Click to see | 300.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| (3S)-5-[(1S,4aR,5R,8aR)-5-methoxycarbonyl-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoic acid | 51693032 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC(=O)O | 350.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-(3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid | 72957164 | Click to see CC(=CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)O)C)C=C | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 4-Epicommunic acid | 12303810 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)-3-methylpentanoic acid | 13250758 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC(=O)O | 350.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 8,13-Abietadien-18-oic acid | 16040 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 8alpha-13(16),14-Labdadien-8-ol | 5168698 | Click to see | 290.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Abietic acid | 10569 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CCC3C(C2CC1)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C | 302.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| CID 22216162 | 22216162 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC(=O)OC | 364.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Isoabienol | 11220007 | Click to see | 290.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Isopimaric Acid | 442048 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| methyl (1R,4aR,5S,8aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-[(3S)-3-methyl-5-oxopentyl]-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate | 162968953 | Click to see | 334.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| methyl (3R)-5-[(1S,4aR,5R,8aR)-5-(acetyloxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoate | 163041296 | Click to see | 378.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| methyl 1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-(3-methyl-5-oxopentyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate | 15602378 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC=O | 334.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| methyl 5-[5-(acetyloxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoate | 163041295 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)COC(=O)C)C)CC(=O)OC | 378.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Methyl decahydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-beta,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenepentanoate | 577915 | Click to see | 364.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Neoabietic acid | 221118 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Palustric acid | 443613 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(CC1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Pimaric Acid | 220338 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Pinifolic Acid | 12314311 | Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)O)C)CC(=O)O | 336.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/S00107-001-0251-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Cembrane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1E,3Z,6E,10E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-14-propan-2-ylcyclotetradeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene | 6427092 | Click to see | 272.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S00107-001-0251-3 |
| (3Z,6Z,10Z)-3,7,11-trimethyl-14-propan-2-ylcyclotetradeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene | 134128866 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CCC=C(C=CC(CC1)C(C)C)C)C | 272.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S00107-001-0251-3 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3R,4aR,6aR,7S,10aS,10bR)-3-ethenyl-3,4a,7,10a-tetramethyl-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromene-7-carboxylic acid | 162970568 | Click to see | 320.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| 8alpha,13R-Epoxy-14-labden-19-oic acid | 14589048 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C3(CCCC(C3CCC2(O1)C)(C)C(=O)O)C)C=C | 320.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81114-0 |
| Labd-14-ene, 8,13-epoxy-, (13S)- | 6432025 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC(O3)(C)C=C)C)C)C | 290.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S00107-001-0251-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Tetrahydropyridines | |||||
| (2R)-1-[(2R)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl]propan-2-ol | 101651530 | Click to see CC1=NC(CCC1)CC(C)O | 155.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00070A014 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrapyrroles and derivatives / Chlorins | |||||
| methyl (3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1(23),2(6),5(26),7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene-3-carboxylate | 5459387 | Click to see | 871.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001891319465 |
| methyl (3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1(23),2(6),5(26),7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene-3-carboxylate | 6433193 | Click to see | 871.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001891319465 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes | |||||
| Pinosylvin methyl ether | 5281719 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 226.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.04-0055 |
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