Picea rubens
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644002460b85b824036730 |
| Scientific name | Picea rubens |
| Authority | Sarg. |
| First published in | Silva N. Amer. 12: 33 (1898) |
Description Top
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Red spruce (Picea rubens) is a species of spruce native to eastern North America, ranging from eastern Quebec and Nova Scotia, west to the Adirondack Mountains and south through New England along the Appalachians to western North Carolina. It is a shade-tolerant, late successional coniferous tree used for Christmas trees, paper pulp, musical instruments, and construction lumber. It is closely related to black spruce and hybrids between the two are frequent. Red spruce is subject to insect parasitism and acid rain, but has seen a resurgence in some mountain areas in the northeastern United States due to reduced acid deposition. The Central Appalachian Spruce Restoration Initiative seeks to restore historic red spruce ecosystems across the high-elevation landscapes of central Appalachians.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Pinus rubra | Miq. | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 166. 1867 |
| Picea americana | (Gaertn.) Suringar | Meded. Rijks-Herb. 55: 47, in obs. 1928 |
| Picea australis | Small | Fl. S.E. U.S. : 30 (1903) |
| Pinus americana | Gaertn. | Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 60 (1790) |
| Picea rubra var. virgata | Rehder in L.H.Bailey | Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2619 (1916) |
| Picea rubra var. pusilla | Peck | Spruces Adirondacks : 10 (1897) |
| Picea rubra f. virgata | Rehder | Rhodora 9: 110 (1907) |
| Picea rubens f. virgata | Fernald & Weath. | Rhodora 34: 211 (1932) |
| Pinus rubra var. violacea | Endl. | Syn. Conif. : 114 (1847) |
| Abies rubra | Poir. | Encycl. 6: 520 (1804) |
| Pinus mariana var. rubra | Du Roi | Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 39. 1771 |
| Pinus abies var. acutissima | Münchh. | Hausvater 5(1): 225 1770 |
| Picea rubra | (Du Roi) Link | Handbuch 2: 478. 1831 (1831) |
| Picea nigra var. rubra | (Du Roi) Engelm. | Gard. Chron. n.s., 11: 334 1879 |
| Abies americana | K.Koch | Dendrol. 2(2): 241. 1873 (1873) |
| Picea rubra var. pendula | Carrière | Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 323. 1867 |
| Pinus canadensis var. rubescens | Weston | Bot. Univ. 1: 211. 1770 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | red spruce |
| English | eastern spruce |
| Spanish | pícea roja |
| Arabic | راتنج أحمر |
| Arabic | تنوب أحمر |
| atj | oskisk |
| Azerbaijani | qırmızı küknar |
| Belarusian | Елка чырвоная |
| Bulgarian | червен смърч |
| cr | oskisk |
| Czech | smrk červený |
| German | amerikanische rotfichte |
| German | amerikanische rot-fichte |
| Estonian | punane kuusk |
| Finnish | punakuusi |
| French | epinette rouge |
| French | Épinette rouge |
| Hebrew | אשוחית אדומה |
| Icelandic | brúngreni |
| Italian | peccio rosso |
| Japanese | アカトウヒ |
| koi | Гӧрд кӧз |
| lb | amerikanesch routfiicht |
| Lithuanian | raudonoji eglė |
| Latvian | sarkanā egle |
| Norwegian Bokmål | rødgran |
| Polish | Świerk czerwony |
| Russian | Ель красная |
| Russian | Красная ель |
| Turkish | kırmızı ladin |
| udm | Горд кыз |
| Vietnamese | vân sam đỏ |
| Chinese | 红云杉 |
| Chinese | 紅雲杉 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Pennsylvania
- Vermont
- West Virginia
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Maryland
- North Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
-
Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000482650 |
| UNII | 87ZH0B65UB |
| Canadensys | 7177 |
| USDA Plants | PIRU |
| Tropicos | 24900171 |
| INPN | 611389 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:195909-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2563588 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 771655 |
| Observations.org | 141794 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3333 |
| Nature Serve | 2.140160 |
| IUCN Red List | 42335 |
| IPNI | 195909-2 |
| iNaturalist | 121931 |
| GBIF | 5284717 |
| Freebase | /m/055wgb |
| FEIS | plants/tree/picrub |
| EPPO | PIERU |
| EOL | 1033620 |
| Elurikkus | 209738 |
| US Library of Congress | sh85112096 |
| USDA GRIN | 316777 |
| Wikipedia | Picea_rubens |
| CMAUP | NPO16380 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O | 170.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters | |||||
| Methyl gallate | 7428 | Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O | 184.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Linalool, (+)- | 67179 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| Linalool, (+/-)- | 6549 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| p-CYMENE | 7463 | Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C | 134.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-beta-Pinene | 440967 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| (-)-Camphene | 440966 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| (+)-alpha-Pinene | 82227 | Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| alpha-PINENE | 6654 | Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| beta-Pinene | 14896 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| Camphene | 6616 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Phellandrene | 443160 | Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| (+)-Terpinen-4-ol | 2724161 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| 4-Terpineol, (+/-)- | 11230 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| alpha-PHELLANDRENE | 7460 | Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| Alpha-Terpineol | 17100 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Bisabolene | 62346 | Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| gamma-Bisabolene, (Z)- | 3033866 | Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82147-0 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (4aR,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-4a,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylidene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-one | 12311162 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C)C)CC12C)O | 234.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 15-Hydroxy-3-epiisopetasol | 101509239 | Click to see CC(=C1CC2(C(C(CCC2=CC1=O)O)CO)C)C | 250.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 6-hydroxy-4a,5-dimethyl-3-propan-2-ylidene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-one | 12311161 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C)C)CC12C)O | 234.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4a-methyl-3-propan-2-ylidene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-one | 162847788 | Click to see CC(=C1CC2(C(C(CCC2=CC1=O)O)CO)C)C | 250.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (Z,3R,6R)-6-[[4-[(E)-but-1-enyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]methyl]oct-4-ene-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid | 162983859 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)C=C(C(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O | 408.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 3-[4-[(2R)-2-[[4-[(E)-but-1-enyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]propanoic acid | 162943772 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)CC2=C(C(=O)OC2=O)CCC(=O)O | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 3-[4-[2-[(4-But-1-enyl-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl)methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]propanoic acid | 73460392 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)CC2=C(C(=O)OC2=O)CCC(=O)O | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 7-(4-But-1-enyl-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-4,5-dicarboxy-non-5-enoic acid | 129834651 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)C=C(C(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O | 408.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Medium-chain keto acids and derivatives | |||||
| 4-Oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid | 10375311 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)CCC(=O)O | 192.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides | |||||
| 3-[4-[(2R)-2-[[4-[(2R)-2-[[4-[(E)-but-1-enyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]propanoic acid | 97046415 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)CC2=C(C(=O)OC2=O)CC(CC)CC3=C(C(=O)OC3=O)CCC(=O)O | 556.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 3-[4-[2-[[4-[2-[(4-But-1-enyl-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl)methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]methyl]butyl]-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl]propanoic acid | 75627378 | Click to see CCC=CC1=C(C(=O)OC1=O)CC(CC)CC2=C(C(=O)OC2=O)CC(CC)CC3=C(C(=O)OC3=O)CCC(=O)O | 556.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| (5R)-5-benzyloxolan-2-one | 54153512 | Click to see C1CC(=O)OC1CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 176.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 5-Benzyloxolan-2-one | 13256416 | Click to see C1CC(=O)OC1CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 176.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| Cianidanol | 9064 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin 3-alloside | 12304327 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| (1R,6S,9E,11R,12Z,14R)-11-hydroxy-6-methyl-7,15-dioxabicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-9,12-diene-2,8-dione | 162993464 | Click to see CC1CCCC(=O)C2C(O2)C=CC(C=CC(=O)O1)O | 266.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| 11-Hydroxy-6-methyl-7,15-dioxabicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-9,12-diene-2,8-dione | 162993463 | Click to see CC1CCCC(=O)C2C(O2)C=CC(C=CC(=O)O1)O | 266.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.01.015 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes | |||||
| 4-[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,2-diol | 4813 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O)O | 244.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2222.2001.01236.X |
| Isorhapontigenin | 5318650 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O | 258.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94705-8 |
| Piceatannol | 667639 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O)O | 244.24 | unknown |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4438933/ https://doi.org/10.1007/S00253-015-6691-1 https://doi.org/10.1002/PROS.22801 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01534-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94705-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides | |||||
| (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[3-[(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 125181732 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 406.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94705-8 |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 163001699 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 420.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94705-8 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |