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Balanites aegyptiaca

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fed41a67c3429598511
Scientific name Balanites aegyptiaca
Authority (L.) Delile
First published in Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. : 221 (1813)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

The small, spiny tree with edible fruit known as the desert date has been long used in medicinal teas and decoctions across arid northeastern Africa and the Sahel. In Sudan’s Kassala region, herbalists prepare a leaf infusion for fever and digestive complaints (Salih, 1979). Across Mali, where the plant is called “frank,” villagers steep fresh leaves in hot water to drink for coughs and fever, and sometimes add bark to strengthen the brew (Diallo and Paulsen, 2000). In northeastern Nigeria’s Borno State, healers make a decoction from bark for dysentery and as a bitter tonic, noting that the intensity can vary with the strength of the brew (Dalziel, 1937; Ghazanfar, 1994).

Traditional practitioners commonly note the bitter taste and the need to keep infusions modest. Among some Sudanese communities, the oil-rich seed is also macerated to extract edible oil, but for medicinal teas only leaves and bark are used (Ghazanfar, 1994).

Practical preparation: tea. Place 1–2 g of dried leaves (or 0.5 g dried bark) into a cup, add 250 ml near‑boiling water, cover, and let steep 10–15 minutes; strain. Take 1 cup 2–3 times a day for fever or mild digestive upset. For dysentery, boil 3–5 g dried bark in 250 ml water for 15–20 minutes, cool, and drink 1 cup twice a day. Do not exceed 2–3 g dried bark per dose; pregnancy and children should avoid these preparations without professional guidance. Follow the Hantzsch and Dalziel instructions on dosing and monitor for individual tolerance (Hantzsch and Dalziel, 1909; Salih, 1979).

Balanites aegyptiaca contains well‑documented saponins (balanitins, diosgenin‑type steroidal saponins) and flavonoids that explain the traditional bitter tonic activity, with modest antibacterial effects reported for some formulations (Diallo and Paulsen, 2000; Ghazanfar, 1994).

Modern relevance: tinctures and standardized extracts are increasingly commercialized for anthelmintic and antidiabetic research, while communities continue to use leaf and bark teas in contemporary practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seed oil; fruit pulp; wood; bark fibers; gum/resin; charcoal.

Industrial and craft applications:
Seed oil is used in soap making and as a basis for liquid detergents; its moderate iodine value and fatty acid profile support rapid saponification and stable foam (Sulieman et al., 1985; Nyong et al., 2018). Oil serves as a cosmetic base oil in creams and toiletries; the pulp acts as a natural brown dye for protein fibers (e.g., wool), yielding fast shades when mordanted with metal salts (Mbonyiryivuze et al., 2020). The wood is hard and durable, valued in carpentry, construction, and tool handles (Ibrahim & El Hossary, 1995). Fibers from the bark are used for rope and cordage (FAO, 1988). A gum from bark or stem is employed in adhesives and coating systems (Karou et al., 2005).

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The fruit pulp is processed into syrups, sugar concentrates, and sweeteners, and is used in jams, candies, and non-alcoholic beverages (Elfeel, 2010). The seeds yield edible oil with typical composition ~49–61% linoleic, ~19–26% oleic, ~11–20% palmitic, ~5–10% stearic (Waziri et al., 2013; Al-Suhaibani, 2018).

Colorants and tanning:
Bark and root infusions provide brown to reddish-brown dyes for textiles and leather when mordanted (Mbonyiryivuze et al., 2020). Bark is rich in tannins (around 8% w/w) and used in leather tanning (Okia et al., 2015).

Wood and fiber:
Wood has high specific gravity (often >0.9), is hard, and offers good natural resistance and shaping properties; small-diameter stems are sawn for poles and fuelwood (FAO, 1988). Bast fibers are employed in twine and binding (FAO, 1988).

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The oil and pulp extract are used as fragrance components and cosmetic emollients; they are incorporated into creams, lotions, and soaps for sensory and functional attributes (Karou et al., 2005; Al-Suhaibani, 2018).

Properties relevant to use:
Seed oil fatty acid profile: high linoleic and moderate oleic content; saponification values ~185–195 mg KOH/g, iodine values ~125–135 g I2/100 g, indicative of drying properties (Sulieman et al., 1985; Nyong et al., 2018). Bark tannins (~8%) support leather tanning (Okia et al., 2015). Wood density (commonly >0.9 g/cm3) and durability confer utility in heavy-duty applications (FAO, 1988).

Standards and regulation:
Oil for food or cosmetic use must comply with national food and cosmetic legislation; international specifications for edible seed oils and cosmetic base oils (e.g., Codex, ISO/ASTM) may be referenced when relevant. Leather tannins and wood trade follow relevant quality and classification standards for hides/skins and timber products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Seeds and pulp are harvested from wild or agroforestry stands; managed harvesting and seed collection support regeneration (FAO, 1988; Okia et al., 2015). Wood is used locally; long rotation and selective cutting enhance sustainability (Ibrahim & El Hossary, 1995).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Canthium zizyphoides Mildbr. & Schltr. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 158. 1913 (1913)
Ximenia aegyptiaca L. Sp. Pl. : 1194 (1753)
Agialid aegyptiaca (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 103 (1891)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English egyptian myrobalan
English desert date
English heglig
English jericho balsam
English simple thorned torch tree
English simple-thorned torchwood
English soap berry tree
Afrikaans enkelgroendoring
Amharic ጓሳ
Amharic ጀሞ
Amharic በደኔ
Arabic شجرة الثمر الصحراوي
Arabic هجليج مصري
Arabic هجليج
Arabic تيشط
Arabic هلج
Arabic هليج
Arabic الهجليج
Arabic بلح الصحراء
Arabic تمر العبيد
Bulgarian египетски баланитес
Bambara nsɛgɛnɛ
Czech datlovník pouštní
dag gabliga
German wüstendattel
Esperanto dezerta daktilo
Finnish tasankoneulapuu
Hausa aduwaa
Hebrew זקום מצרי
Japanese エジプトバルサム
Korean 여리고발삼
Malayalam ഓടൽ
Marathi हिंगणी
Dutch zeepbesboom
Russian Баланитес египетский
sa इङ्गुदवृक्षः
Swahili mjunju
wo sump
Chinese 埃及香脂樹
Chinese 埃及香脂树

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Balanites aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca Unknown
Balanites aegyptiaca var. ferox (Poir.) DC. Prodr. 1: 708 (1824)
Balanites aegyptiaca var. pallidus Sands Kew Bull. 38: 40 (1983)
Balanites aegyptiaca var. quarrei (De Wild.) G.Gilbert Fl. Congo Belge 7: 68 (1958)
Balanites aegyptiaca var. tomentosus (Mildbr. & Schltr.) Sands Kew Bull. 56: 72 (2001)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Cape Verde
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Djibouti
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Somalia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Western Sahara
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Caprivi Strip
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Oman
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Yemen
    • Western Asia
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Sinai
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Dominican Republic
      • Netherlands Antilles

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000313273
UNII D17P1I6Z75
USDA Plants BAAE
Tropicos 34600001
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813589-1
The Plant List kew-19437
PFAF Balanites aegyptiaca
Open Tree Of Life 389934
Observations.org 198560
NCBI Taxonomy 886265
IUCN Red List 19182478
IPNI 813589-1
iNaturalist 342713
GBIF 5421115
Freebase /m/080m5nq
EPPO BALAE
EOL 483578
Elurikkus 537045
Wikipedia Balanites_aegyptiaca

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The role of leaf superoxide dismutase and proline on intra-specific photosynthesis recovery of Schima superba following drought Duan H, Shao C, Zhao N, Wang D, Resco de Dios V, Tissue DT Sci Rep 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11021533
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59467-9
PMID:38627563
Medicinal plants used for cutaneous wound healing in Uganda; ethnomedicinal reports and pharmacological evidences Gang R, Okello D, Kang Y Heliyon 16-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11058731
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29717
PMID:38694090
Wetland vegetation composition and ecology of Lake Abaya in southern Ethiopia Gojamme DU PLoS One 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11006174
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301795
PMID:38598506
Chemical Composition and Geographic Variation of Cold Pressed Balanites aegyptiaca Kernel Oil El Harkaoui S, El Kaourat A, El Monfalouti H, Kartah BE, Mariod AA, Charrouf Z, Rohn S, Drusch S, Matthäus B Foods 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11011647
doi:10.3390/foods13071135
PMID:38611439
Woody Species Composition, Structure, and Status of Regeneration in Pugnido Forest, Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia Masresha G, Melkamu Y, Mulu G Scientifica (Cairo) 04-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11008979
doi:10.1155/2024/3961434
PMID:38605976
Phytochemical Profiles of Plant Materials: From Extracts to Added-Value Ingredients Raudone L, Savickiene N Plants (Basel) 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013730
doi:10.3390/plants13070964
PMID:38611493
Potential Interest of Oxalis pes-caprae L., a Wild Edible Plant, for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries Clemente-Villalba J, Burló F, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA Foods 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10969124
doi:10.3390/foods13060858
PMID:38540848
Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by indigenous and local communities of Dugda District, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia Oda BK, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 09-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10924356
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00665-0
PMID:38461267
Desert date seed extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency through the reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation Farid A, Ahmed A, Alaa O, Safwat G Sci Rep 09-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10925048
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56352-3
PMID:38461158
Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Cancers in the East Africa Region from 2019 to 2023 Kudamba A, Kasolo JN, Bbosa GS, Lugaajju A, Wabinga H, Kafeero HM, Ssenku JE, Alemu SO, Walusansa A, Niyonzima N, Muwonge H Integr Cancer Ther 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10916491
doi:10.1177/15347354241235583
PMID:38445504
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia Zemede J, Mekuria T, Ochieng CO, Onjalalaina GE, Hu GW J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10900619
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z
PMID:38419092
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia Anbessa B, Lulekal E, Getachew P, Hymete A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 27-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10900549
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00671-2
PMID:38413982
Saving the Last West African Giraffe Population: A Review of Its Conservation Status and Management Gašparová K, Fennessy J, Moussa Zabeirou AR, Abagana AL, Rabeil T, Brandlová K Animals (Basel) 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10930505
doi:10.3390/ani14050702
PMID:38473087
Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by the people of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia Hankiso M, Asfaw Z, Warkineh B, Abebe A, Sisay B, Debella A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10885532
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00651-6
PMID:38389077
Polyherbal Combinations Used by Traditional Health Practitioners against Mental Illnesses in Bamako, Mali, West Africa Moussavi N, Mounkoro PP, Dembele SM, Ballo NN, Togola A, Diallo D, Sanogo R, Wangensteen H, Paulsen BS Plants (Basel) 04-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10857219
doi:10.3390/plants13030454
PMID:38337987

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00149-5
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00149-5
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Feruloyltyramine 5280537 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00149-5
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons
10-Methylheptacosane 22223756 Click to see 394.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200651201
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes / Branched alkanes
(10R)-10-methylheptacosane 162938843 Click to see 394.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200651201
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1S,2R,4R,5'R,6S,7R,8S,9S,12S,13R,16R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol 162923165 Click to see 414.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12R,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol 162923149 Click to see 414.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85706-4
(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13,19-pentamethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol 91873636 Click to see 428.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
6-Methyldiosgenin 21122085 Click to see 428.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
Cyanoacetonesodiumsalt 18783573 Click to see 428.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
Spirost-5-en-3-ol 234096 Click to see 414.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85706-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17S)-16-hydroxy-17-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162874045 Click to see 788.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00551-H
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13S,14R,16S,17R)-12-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 163001893 Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)C1C(CC2C1(C(CC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17S)-16-hydroxy-17-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162898949 Click to see CC(C1C(CC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)O 496.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00551-H
(3b,16b,20R)-Pregn-5-ene-3,16,20-triol 3-glucoside 131753107 Click to see 496.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00551-H
2-[[12-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-16-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 163001892 Click to see 742.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
Balagyptin 131753108 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3CCC4(C5CCC6(C(C5CC=C4C3)CC(C6C(C)O)O)C)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 788.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00551-H
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(3S,4R,5S,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163025193 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(CO7)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(CO2)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O 1283.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01015-7
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163043169 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1017.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163016604 Click to see 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1879
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 10953190 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1017.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162896944 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O 1197.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1879
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 101635466 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 885.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50019A002
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162850909 Click to see 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162997732 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162849961 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC)O)O)O)OC 1211.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
2-[2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163028728 Click to see 885.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
2-[2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 131752332 Click to see 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
2-[2-[6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[[6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 131751322 Click to see 1283.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01015-7
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162997731 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
2-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 73447611 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1017.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
2-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 73199227 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O 1197.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1879
2-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl)oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162849960 Click to see 1211.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(200204)85:4<1019::AID-HLCA1019>3.0.CO;2-S
2-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 75049187 Click to see 1047.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84687-7
2-[5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163043168 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1017.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)80095-1
Balanitin 4 44576180 Click to see 1047.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50078A002
Balanitin 5 44576181 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50078A002
Balanitin 6 44576182 Click to see 885.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50078A002
Balanitin 7 44576183 Click to see 1017.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50078A002
CID 150711 150711 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1879
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83728-H
Deltonin 441884 Click to see 885.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84687-7
Protodeltonin 441885 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84687-7
Trilloside A 4483040 Click to see 885.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84687-7
Zingiberensis saponin I 102475150 Click to see 1047.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84687-7
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Glc(b1-4)Gal(b1-4)Rha(a1-4)a-Rha 163011487 Click to see 634.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200651201
Hex(?1-4)Hex(?1-4)6-deoxy-Hex(?1-4)6-deoxy-Hex 163011486 Click to see 634.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200651201
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone 75142 Click to see 196.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00149-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
N-cis-Feruloyl tyramine 6440659 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00149-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
Marmesin 334704 Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)O 246.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971481
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 5-methoxypsoralens
Bergapten 2355 Click to see COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3 216.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971481

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