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Hyoscyamus muticus

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64404122660ab831968494
Scientific name Hyoscyamus muticus
Authority L.
First published in Mant. Pl. 45. 1767 [15-31 Oct 1767]

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Dried aerial parts (leaf and stem) are harvested and supplied as raw biomass for alkaloid extraction.
- Leaf and stem extracts and essential‑oil fractions are prepared for laboratory testing of insecticidal activity.

Industrial and craft applications:
- The plant is cultivated as a source of the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which serve as reference compounds and precursors in pharmaceutical research and controlled‑substance production.
- Extracts of Hyoscyamus muticus have shown dose‑dependent insecticidal and antifeedant activity against stored‑product beetles (e.g., Sitophilus spp.) and lepidopteran larvae (e.g., Spodoptera spp.) in laboratory assays, and are being evaluated as natural pesticide candidates.
- The species is employed as a model organism for studying tropane‑alkaloid biosynthetic pathways and for metabolic‑engineering experiments aimed at enhancing alkaloid production in cell cultures.

Properties relevant to use:
- Leaves and stems contain 0.1–0.5 % (dry weight) hyoscyamine and 0.05–0.3 % scopolamine; these tropane alkaloids exert neurotoxic effects on insects, providing the biological basis for insecticidal activity.
- The same alkaloid profile confers a high commercial value for extraction while rendering the plant unsuitable for food or feed applications.
- Cell‑suspension cultures can be induced to accumulate scopolamine, offering a biotechnological route that avoids reliance on field‑grown material.

Standards and regulation:
- Hyoscyamus muticus and its alkaloids are classified as controlled substances in many national narcotics regulations (e.g., U.S. Controlled Substances Act, EU Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act).
- Processing and export of raw material require licensing; GMP for controlled‑substance manufacturing and analytical verification (e.g., ISO/IEC 17025 or pharmacopoeial monographs such as the European Pharmacopoeia) are commonly applied.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Wild populations are limited, and most commercial supply originates from cultivated crops in Egypt, India and Sudan.
- Sustainable agronomic practices—seed propagation, controlled field cultivation, and selective breeding for higher alkaloid yields—are promoted to reduce pressure on native populations.
- Conservation measures include monitoring harvest levels and protecting natural habitats, with ongoing research focused on increasing alkaloid concentrations to further minimize land use.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Hyoscyamus betifolius Lam. Encycl. (Lamarck) 3(1): 329. 1789.
Hyoscyamus datora Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 45. 1775 [1 Oct 1775]
Hyoscyamus falezlez Coss. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 166, t. 5. 1864
Scopolia boveana Dunal Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 553. 1852 [10 May 1852]
Scopolia datora (Forssk.) Dunal Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 553. 1852 [10 May 1852]
Scopolia mutica (L.) Dunal Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 552. 1852 [10 May 1852]
Hyoscyamus boveanus (Dunal) Asch. & Schweinf. Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 113. 1887

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English henbane
Arabic بنج مصري
Arabic بنج ثوري
Arabic سكران
Arabic بنج ابيض
Arabic بنج صفاري
Arabic فلزلز
Arabic بنج
German Ägyptisches bilsenkraut
Chinese 埃及天仙子

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Western Sahara
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States
      • Kuwait
      • Saudi Arabia
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Sinai

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001021849
USDA Plants HYMU3
Tropicos 29604516
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:815931-1
The Plant List kew-2857440
Open Tree Of Life 689845
NCBI Taxonomy 35626
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0200002358
IPNI 815931-1
iNaturalist 547161
GBIF 2928977
EPPO HSYMU
EOL 485005
USDA GRIN 19531
Wikipedia Hyoscyamus_muticus
Tropicos 29608089
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:815898-1
Open Tree Of Life 434597
NCBI Taxonomy 540803
IPNI 815898-1
GBIF 3802755

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO 3 Biotech 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10997672
doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3
PMID:38585410
Biosynthesis Progress of High-Energy-Density Liquid Fuels Derived from Terpenes Liu J, Lin M, Han P, Yao G, Jiang H Microorganisms 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11052473
doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040706
PMID:38674649
The Roles of GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in the Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Adaptation Luo P, Li TT, Shi WM, Ma Q, Di DW Plants (Basel) 08-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10747189
doi:10.3390/plants12244111
PMID:38140438
Genome sequencing of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates infecting chilli and its interaction with host ferredoxin protein of different host for causing mosaic symptoms Vinaykumar HD, Hiremath S, Nandan M, Muttappagol M, Reddy M, Venkataravanappa V, Shankarappa KS, Basha CR, Prasanna SK, Kumar TL, Reddy MK, Reddy CN 3 Biotech 12-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10570250
doi:10.1007/s13205-023-03777-8
PMID:37840878
The leaf idioblastome of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus is associated with stress resistance and alkaloid metabolism Guedes JG, Ribeiro R, Carqueijeiro I, Guimarães AL, Bispo C, Archer J, Azevedo H, Fonseca NA, Sottomayor M J Exp Bot 07-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10735432
doi:10.1093/jxb/erad374
PMID:37804484
Hairy root culture: a potent method for improved secondary metabolite production of Solanaceous plants Biswas D, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh B Front Plant Sci 04-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10507345
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1197555
PMID:37731987
First Report on Choanephora cucurbitarum Causing Choanephora Rot in Chenopodium Plants and Its Sensitivity to Fungicide Yin H, Tian M, Peng Y, Qin N, Lü H, Ren L, Zhao X J Fungi (Basel) 28-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10532463
doi:10.3390/jof9090881
PMID:37754989
Metabolic Effects of Elicitors on the Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants Wen Y, Liao Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liao Z Plants (Basel) 24-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10490125
doi:10.3390/plants12173050
PMID:37687296
From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches Reshi ZA, Ahmad W, Lukatkin AS, Javed SB Metabolites 28-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10456650
doi:10.3390/metabo13080895
PMID:37623839
Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications Ozyigit II, Dogan I, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin B, Erdogan A, Yalcin IE, Cabi E, Kaya Y Front Plant Sci 29-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10339834
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555
PMID:37457343
Effect of silver nanoparticles on tropane alkaloid production of transgenic hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus L. and their antimicrobial activity Abdelkawy AM, Alshammari SO, Hussein HA, Abou El-Enain IM, Abdelkhalek ES, Radwan AM, Kenawy SK, Maaty DA, Abed NN, Sabry S, Mohsen A Sci Rep 27-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10300048
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36198-x
PMID:37369701
Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK Biomolecules 25-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10377637
doi:10.3390/biom13071038
PMID:37509074
Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P 3 Biotech 14-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10183385
doi:10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z
PMID:37197561
Focus and Insights into the Synthetic Biology-Mediated Chassis of Economically Important Fungi for the Production of High-Value Metabolites Tiwari P, Dufossé L Microorganisms 27-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10222946
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11051141
PMID:37317115
Salt-responsive bermudagrass microRNAs and insights into light reaction photosynthetic performance Fan S, Amombo E, Avoga S, Li Y, Yin Y Front Plant Sci 15-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9975589
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1141295
PMID:36875615

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Tropane alkaloids
(8-Methyl-8-Azabicyclo(3.2.1)Octan-3-Yl) 3-Hydroxy-2-Phenylpropanoate 3661 Click to see 289.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8997500072
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18982360909
(S)-((1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 6931560 Click to see CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3 289.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03263031
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC157535/
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957362
Atropine 174174 Click to see CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3 289.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
L-Hyoscyamine 64692 Click to see CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3 289.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957362
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC157535/
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03263031
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
Cinnamoyl putrescine 54378784 Click to see 218.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC157535/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961616
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid 5282822 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961616
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961616
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961616
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Lubimin 442383 Click to see 236.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80300-W
Solavetivone 442399 Click to see 218.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00242953
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80300-W
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
((2R,4S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.02,4)nonan-7-yl) (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 134767951 Click to see 303.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957362
Nor Scopolamine 71751243 Click to see C1C(CC2C3C(C1N2)O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4 289.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
Tropic acid 10726 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CO)C(=O)O 166.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
Tropic acid ester with scopine 153311 Click to see CN1C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4 303.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00121-0
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957362
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Acetals / Ketals
Nigericin 34230 Click to see CC1CCC(OC1C(C)C(=O)O)CC2CC(C(C3(O2)C(CC(O3)(C)C4CCC(O4)(C)C5C(CC(O5)C6C(CC(C(O6)(CO)O)C)C)C)C)C)OC 725.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18982360909
https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8997500072

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