Heuchera cylindrica
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64404e0082251765907984 |
| Scientific name | Heuchera cylindrica |
| Authority | Douglas |
| First published in | Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 236 (1832) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Heuchera cylindrica, known as cylindrical alumroot, appears in ethnobotanical records of several Pacific Northwest peoples. The Cowlitz of western Washington brewed a summer‑collected leaf infusion to calm stomach upset and to ease occasional colds and sore throats (according to Moerman 1998). The Klamath of southern Oregon prepared a root decoction simmered about twenty minutes to treat diarrhoea and dysentery (also reported by Moerman 1998). The Okanagan (Syilx) peoples of southern British Columbia used the same leaf tea and applied a poultice of crushed fresh leaves to bruises or minor skin wounds, a practice noted by Turner et al. 1996. In each case the preparation relied on a distinct plant part—leaves for infusion or poultice, roots for decoction—highlighting the versatility of H. cylindrica in traditional health care.
Prepared as a mild leaf tea, the traditional Cowlitz method is simple: place one to two teaspoons (≈2–3 g) of dried H. cylindrica leaves into a cup (≈240 mL) of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep five to ten minutes before straining. The brew yields a pale‑green, lightly astringent beverage. For a stronger effect, up to three teaspoons may be used, but most users limit intake to two or three cups daily. Because the leaves contain tannins, pregnant or nursing people should avoid regular use, and anyone with a sensitivity to astringents should stop if stomach irritation occurs.
Chemical analyses of Heuchera cylindrica repeatedly reveal hydrolyzable tannins, especially gallotannins that give the plant its astringent quality, together with flavonol glycosides such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol‑3‑O‑rutinoside and phenolic acids like caffeic and gallic acid. Small amounts of mucilaginous polysaccharides in the leaves help coat irritated mucous membranes. These compounds plausibly account for the gastro‑protective and mild anti‑inflammatory effects noted in traditional uses.
Recent pharmacological assays have shown antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity in H. cylindrica extracts, supporting the traditional claims. A few small‑batch herbal suppliers in the Pacific Northwest now sell dried leaf tea under names such as “Alumroot tea,” and local foraging guides still list the plant as a stomach remedy. Indigenous knowledge holders continue to share these practices, and collaborative research helps preserve the cultural heritage tied to H. cylindrica. Ongoing investigations are exploring the flavonoid profile for potential antimicrobial applications, though commercial products remain limited.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Yamala cylindrica | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 2: 75 (1837) |
| Heuchera saxicola | E.E.Nelson | Bot. Gaz. 30: 118 (1900) |
| Heuchera glabella | Torr. & A.Gray | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 581 (1840) |
| Heuchera ovalifolia var. orbicularis | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 143 (1936) |
| Heuchera ovalifolia var. alpina | Rosend. | Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 83: 81 (1905) |
| Heuchera alpina | Blank. | Sci. Stud. Montana Coll. Agric., Bot. 1: 62 (1905) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. orbicularis | (Rosend., Lakela & Lakela) Calder & Savile | Brittonia 11: 58 (1959) |
| Heuchera columbiana | Rydb. | N. Amer. Fl. 22: 116 (1905) |
| Heuchera suksdorfii | Rydb. | N. Amer. Fl. 22: 116 (1905) |
| Heuchera glabella var. suksdorfii | (Rydb.) Rosend. | Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 83: 81 (1905) |
| Heuchera suksdorfii f. ribesoides | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 147 (1936) |
| Heuchera cylindrica f. valida | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 138 (1936) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina | S.Watson | Botany [Fortieth Parallel] : 96 (1871) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella | Wheelock | Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 203 (1890) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. ovalifolia | Wheelock | Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 203 (1890) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. septentrionalis | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 138 (1936) |
| Heuchera ovalifolia var. thompsonii | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 144 (1936) |
| Heuchera glabella var. columbiana | (Rydb.) Piper | Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 321 (1906) |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. suksdorfii | (Rydb.) Dorn | Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 300 (1988):. |
| Heuchera suksdorfii f. sandbergui | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 148. 1936 Mon. Gen. Heuchera |
| Heuchera suksdorfii f. typica | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 146. 1936 Mon. Gen. Heuchera |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. typica | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 135. 1936 Mon. Gen. Heuchera |
| Heuchera ovalifolia var. typica | Rosend., Butters & Lakela | Minnesota Stud. Pl. Sci. 2: 143. 1936 Mon. Gen. Heuchera |
| Heuchera ovalifolia | Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 581 (1840) |
| Holochloa cylindrica | (Douglas) Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 580 (1840) |
| Holochloa elata | Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 580 (1840) |
| Holochloa glabra | Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 581 (1840) |
| Holochloa ovalifolia | Nutt. | Fl. N. Amer. 1: 581 (1840) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | roundleaf alumroot |
| English | poker alumroot |
| Arabic | هوشرية أسطوانية |
| Persian | برگگیلاسی استوانهای |
| Swedish | axalunrot |
| Chinese | 塔顶矾根 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
| better germination if seed is stored for 2 years |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Northwestern U.S.A.
- Idaho
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
-
Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
- Nevada
-
Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
-
Northwestern U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001135487 |
| Canadensys | 9236 |
| USDA Plants | HECY2 |
| Tropicos | 29100344 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30006012-2 |
| The Plant List | tro-29100344 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 286885 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 98712 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 370361 |
| Nature Serve | 2.147101 |
| IPNI | 30006012-2 |
| iNaturalist | 77403 |
| GBIF | 3032670 |
| EOL | 583091 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 9133 |
| USDA GRIN | 448173 |
| Wikipedia | Heuchera_cylindrica |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:278187-2 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1573210 |
| IPNI | 278187-2 |
| GBIF | 3753006 |
| CMAUP | NPO26352 |
| PFAF | Heuchera cylindrica |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles | |||||
| 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene | 12462 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)OC | 168.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans | |||||
| Phyllamyricin E | 477161 | Click to see | 394.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80151-1 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 21635582 | Click to see | 957.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 101923141 | Click to see | 795.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 11803947 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC6(C(=CCC7C6(CCC8C7(CCC(C8(C)C)O)C)C)C4CC(C(=O)C5)(C)C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O | 941.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 10819773 | Click to see | 983.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Calenduloside E | 176079 | Click to see | 632.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| chikusetsusaponin IV | 10079497 | Click to see | 927.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Chikusetsusaponin Iva | 13909684 | Click to see | 795.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Glycoside ST-J | 101720880 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O | 1103.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate | 21669007 | Click to see | 971.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Narcissiflorine | 162878 | Click to see | 764.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aS)-3,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 101277261 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS)-3-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,11,12-decahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 101277260 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,4R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aS)-3,4,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 16112781 | Click to see | 486.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 15379012 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C | 604.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 102239749 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-decahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 16112782 | Click to see | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 10395290 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 751.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,10R,12aS,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-decahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 10605857 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC6(C(=CC=C7C6(CCC8C7(CCC(C8(C)C)O)C)C)C4CC(C(=O)C5)(C)C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O | 939.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aS,14bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-3,10-dioxo-1,4,5,6,7,8,8a,11,12,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 10748397 | Click to see | 937.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| asperosaponin C | 13878127 | Click to see | 588.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Papyriogenin A | 3081523 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1=O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 466.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Papyriogenin C | 3081568 | Click to see | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones | |||||
| (4aR,6aR,6bS,14aR,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,12,14a-octahydro-1H-picene-3,10-dione | 102588576 | Click to see | 420.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3alpha-Hydroxy-28-noroleana-11,13(18),17(22)-triene-21-one | 102588575 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2=CC1=O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 422.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| 1-Benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 2773875 | Click to see C1=CC2=C(C=CO2)C=C1C=O | 146.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Beta propiolactones | |||||
| (1S,2R,5R,7R,10S,11R,18S,19S,22S)-7,18-dihydroxy-1,2,6,6,10,17,17-heptamethyl-20-oxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,22.019,22]tetracosa-12,14-dien-21-one | 101967008 | Click to see | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 3,4-dihydrocoumarins | |||||
| Dihydrocoumarin | 660 | Click to see | 148.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols | |||||
| 3-Phenylprop-2-En-1-Ol | 308 | Click to see | 134.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Coumarin | 323 | Click to see | 146.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| 3,7,4'-Tri-O-Acetyl Kaempferol | 44584293 | Click to see | 412.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 92448962 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 508.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1139/B76-230 |
| Afzelin | 5316673 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Astragalin | 5282102 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| kaempferol 7-O-(2-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside) | 11678667 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| kaempferol 7-O-(2,3-di-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside) | 11607311 | Click to see | 724.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins | |||||
| 1,2,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose | 440308 | Click to see | 636.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80151-1 |
| 1,2,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose | 3357644 | Click to see | 636.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80151-1 |
| 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose | 14188641 | Click to see | 636.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80151-1 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |