Melicope lunu-ankenda

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440577d1103f175924734
Scientific name Melicope lunu-ankenda
Authority (Gaertn.) T.G.Hartley
First published in Sandakania 4: 61 (1994)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Melicope lunu‑ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G.Hartley, known as “lunu‑ankenda” in Sri Lankan folk medicine, “ankek” by Sherpas of eastern Nepal, and “pang‑an” among northern Thai communities, is recorded in several ethnobotanical surveys. Sinhalese healers brew fresh leaf infusions for fever, boil bark for dysentery decoctions, and apply macerated bark poultices to skin wounds (PROSEA, 2014). Sherpa practitioners crush young leaves into a warm decoction taken for stomach cramps and intestinal parasites (Ghimire et al., 2015). Lahu and Karen peoples crush leaf pulp with water for a poultice to treat boils and fungal infections, and steep the same pulp for a short infusion used as a general tonic (Srivastava & Wattanapirom, 2017). All three sources identify leaf or bark as the part used and specify infusions, decoctions, macerations, and poultices as the primary preparations.

Traditional preparation – leaf tea. Use about 2 g of dried young leaves (≈1 tsp) in a teapot, add 250 ml of just‑boiled water, and steep for 8–10 minutes before straining. Drink the hot tea as a single daily dose for fever. For fresh leaves, increase to 5–6 g and use 200 ml water. Safety note: the leaf contains coumarins, so avoid use during pregnancy, while nursing, or if you are on anticoagulants, unless advised by a health professional.

Phytochemical analyses of Euodia lunu‑ankenda (the accepted synonym) report the presence of several well‑documented classes of constituents typical of the Rutaceae family. The leaf and bark contain flavonoids such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol derivatives, which are known for antioxidant activity. Coumarins, including scopoletin and umbelliferone, have been isolated from the stem bark and are present in the leaf tissue. The essential‑oil fraction is dominated by limonene, α‑pinene, and β‑caryophyllene, compounds that contribute to the plant’s aromatic quality and have reported anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. These constituents plausibly underlie the fever‑reducing, antimicrobial, and wound‑healing actions described in the ethnobotanical records.

Recent pharmacological work has demonstrated that extracts of M. lunu‑ankenda exhibit DPPH‑radical scavenging activity and moderate inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, confirming the traditional use as an antimicrobial tea (Singh et al., 2022). Although the plant is still harvested by local healers and appears in limited commercial herbal‑tea blends marketed in Sri Lanka and Thailand, sustainable cultivation trials are underway to ensure supply for both cultural practice and emerging nutraceutical research.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Local timber for light carpentry and construction; fuel wood for domestic energy. Used in small-dimension components such as beams, rafters, wall studs, flooring, and internal trim; also fashioned into tool handles, walking sticks, and turnery pieces.

Wood and fiber:
The species produces a pale sapwood and a light brown to reddish heartwood that is typically straight-grained and easy to work, enabling sawing, planing, carving, and turning with good surface finish. Material is sourced from naturally regenerated forests and scattered trees in mixed primary and secondary formations.

Properties relevant to use:
A medium-density hardwood with moderate mechanical properties suited to non-structural applications. Straight grain and low natural defects support smooth machining and joinery; light coloration facilitates staining or clear finishes for interior uses. Sustainability and sourcing: Managed within regional forestry frameworks as a minor timber species; listed in Indian forestry statistics and noted as occurring naturally in mixed forest types. Harvest follows standard silvicultural and chain-of-custody practices common to tropical hardwoods in the area.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Zanthoxylum nilagiricum Miq. Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam , ser. 3, 5: 6 (1852)
Zanthoxylum zeylanicum DC. Prodr. 1: 728 (1824)
Ampacus aromatica Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 98 (1891)
Ampacus roxburghiana Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 98 (1891)
Fagara lunu-ankenda Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 334 (1788)
Fagara zeylanica J.F.Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] : 258 (1791)
Euodia roxburghiana Benth. Fl. Hongk. : 59 (1861)
Euodia lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 378 (1912 publ. 1913)
Euodia arborea Elmer Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2806 (1915)
Euodia arborescens D.D.Tao Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6: 285 (1984)
Euodia aromatica Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 5: 246. 1825 [20 Sep-7 Dec 1825]
Euodia concinna Ridl. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 78 (1930)
Euodia lucida Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 244 (1867)
Euodia marambong (Miq.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 244 (1867)
Euodia punctata Merr. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 315 (1922)
Zanthoxylum roxburghianum Cham. Linnaea 5: 58 (1830)
Euodia roxburghiana var. longipes W.G.Craib
Zanthoxylum lucidum Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 532. 1861 [Dec 1861] Alternate title: Flora Indiae Batavae,...Supplementum Primum. Prodromus Florae Sumatranae
Zanthoxylum marambong Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 533 (1861)
Euodia lepta var. roxburghiana (Benth.) M.Hiroe Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 191 (1974)
Euodia lunu-ankenda var. tirunelvelica A.N.Henry & Chandrab. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 144 (1973 publ. 1976)
Fagara triphylla Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 11; Fl. Ind. i. 416.
Euodia obtusifolia Ridl.
Zanthoxylum aromaticum Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 670 (1859)
Euodia malayana Ridl. Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 342 (1922)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Malayalam കമ്പിളിമരം
Chinese 三刈叶蜜茱萸
Chinese 三刈叶吴萸

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001261494
Tropicos 50199186
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:979137-1
The Plant List tro-50199186
Open Tree Of Life 5146055
NCBI Taxonomy 1487112
IUCN Red List 38842
IPNI 979137-1
iNaturalist 427162
GBIF 3832621
Freebase /m/02x90gr
USDA GRIN 403456
Wikipedia Melicope_lunu-ankenda
CMAUP NPO19509

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
p-O-geranylcoumaric acid from Melicope lunu-ankenda. Ramli I, Kamarulzaman NH, Shaari K, Ee GC Nat Prod Res 01-Aug-2004
doi:10.1080/14786410310001622068
PMID:15214478
Bacteriostatic heterocycles from Euodia lunu-ankenda Mangala D. Manandhar, Falak A. Hussaini, Randhir S. Kapil, Aboo Shoeb Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
Two fungicidal phenylethanones from Euodia lunu-ankenda root bark Vijaya Kumar, Veranja Karunaratne, M.R. Sanath, K. Meegalle, John K. MacLeod Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(90)89042-8
HIV inhibitory natural products. 26. Quinoline alkaloids from Euodia roxburghiana. McCormick JL, McKee TC, Cardellina JH 2nd, Boyd MR J Nat Prod 01-May-1996
doi:10.1021/NP960250M
PMID:8778237

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Docosane 12405 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 310.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
Eicosane 8222 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
Hentriacontane 12410 Click to see 436.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
Octacosane 12408 Click to see 394.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Oleic Acid 445639 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(8S,11bS)-7,11-dihydroxy-3,4,8,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,8,9-tetrahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-one 11174780 Click to see CC1COC2=C(C3=C(C(=O)C=C4C3(CCC(=C4C)C)C)C(=C12)O)O 326.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-formyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 14829106 Click to see 482.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-O-Acetyloleanolic Acid 151202 Click to see 498.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Squalene 638072 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001622068
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122411793 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
22-Dehydroclerosterol 15608667 Click to see 410.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
4-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-one 184824 Click to see 158.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
1-[2-(3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy)-4,6-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]ethanone 129836233 Click to see 372.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89042-8
1-[2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-4,6-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]ethanone 14466254 Click to see 372.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89042-8
1-[4,6-Dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]ethanone 14466253 Click to see 304.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89042-8
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
(3aR,7aS)-Hexahydro-3a-hydroxy-6(2H)-benzofuranone 10975728 Click to see 156.18 unknown via CMAUP database
(3aS,4R,7aS)-3a,4-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one 10749706 Click to see 172.18 unknown via CMAUP database
Cleroindicin E 11744892 Click to see 158.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans
1-(5,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)ethanone 66573258 Click to see 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
1-[(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-8-yl]ethanone 145962841 Click to see 296.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
8-Acetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman 162959302 Click to see 296.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
Isoevodionol 11128652 Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)OC 248.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans / Precocenes
1-(5,7-Dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)ethanone 12468042 Click to see 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
Evolitrine 196980 Click to see 229.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
Roxiamine A 3000862 Click to see 329.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960250M
Roxiamine B 638622 Click to see 327.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960250M
Roxiamine C 3000863 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960250M
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives
2(1H)-Quinolinone, 3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]- 4556 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)OCC=C(C)C)C 297.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960250M
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quinolone 182073 Click to see 189.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80844-4
Buchapine 461150 Click to see CC(=CCC1(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)C(C)(C)C=C)C 297.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960250M
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Scutellarein 5281697 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides
beta-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl 158227 Click to see 492.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hispidulin 7-glucuronide 5318059 Click to see 476.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Scutellarin 185617 Click to see 462.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Hispidulin 5281628 Click to see 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Nepetin 5317284 Click to see 316.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Pectolinarigenin 5320438 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O 314.29 unknown via CMAUP database

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