Wood and fiber:
The wood is hard, fine-textured, and close-grained with moderate density (≈0.6–0.7 g/cm³). Sapwood is pale; heartwood light brown with limited natural durability. Common small-dimension applications include tool handles, turned objects, carving, and occasionally veneer. The wood’s anatomical characteristics and short fibers limit large-scale use but permit some use in pulp and fiberboard.

Industrial and craft applications:
Where suitable-size logs are available, small lumber and specialty items are produced. Limited industrial use arises from its suitability for mechanical pulping due to short fibers; processing is often hampered by the tree’s small size and susceptibility to warping. Durability is low (Class 3–4), restricting exterior applications without preservation.

Properties relevant to use:
Density and hardness support turned and carved items; moderate shrinkage and a tendency to warp affect dimensional stability; sapwood is permeable, facilitating treating or gluing. Low natural decay resistance limits outdoor exposure.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Widely planted as an ornamental and increasingly invasive in temperate regions (North America, Australia, New Zealand), with management programs and eradication efforts in place. Substitution with local managed hardwoods may be preferable to reduce pressure on non-timber forest products where small-dimension uses occur.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pyrus mairei	H.Lév.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 189 (1913)
Pyrus calleryana var. dimorphophylla	(Makino) Koidz.	; 1913 56 1913
Pyrus kawakamii	Hayata	J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 99 (1911)
Pyrus calleryana f. tomentella	Rehder	; 1920 61 1920
Pyrus dimorphophylla	Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 65 (1908)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	callery 'bradford' pear
English	bradford pear
English	callery pear
Spanish	pyrus kawakamii
Spanish	pyrus calleryana f. tomentella
Spanish	peral de callery
Arabic	كمثرى برية
Arabic	إجاص بري
Czech	hrušeň calleryova
Danish	kina-pære
German	chinesische birne
Basque	txinako udareondo
French	poirier de chine
Japanese	マメナシ
Japanese	イヌナシ
Polish	grusza drobnoowocowa
Slovenian	stožčasta okrasna hruška
Slovenian	calleryjeva hruška
Thai	สาลี่นก
Chinese	鹿梨枝
Chinese	阳檖
Chinese	鹿梨根
Chinese	鹿梨根皮
Chinese	杜梨
Chinese	梨丁子
Chinese	糖梨
Chinese	豆梨
Chinese	鹿梨果皮
Chinese	赤梨
Chinese	鹿梨
Chinese	鹿梨叶

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Pyrus calleryana var. koehnei	(Schneid.) T.T.Yu	Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 370 (1974)
Pyrus calleryana var. calleryana		Unknown
Pyrus calleryana var. fauriei	(C.K.Schneid.) Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 61 (1920)
Pyrus calleryana var. integrifolia	T.T.Yu	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 232 (1963)
Pyrus calleryana var. lanceata	Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 28 (1926)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

temperature above 20° inhibits germination

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
  - Taiwan
- Western Asia
  - Iraq

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Kansas
  - Missouri
  - Oklahoma
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Indiana
  - Michigan
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - West Virginia
- South-central U.S.A.
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001014302
Florida Plant Atlas	101
Flora of Alabama	3190
Cornell Woody Plants	200
USDA Plants	PYCA80
UConn	373
Tropicos	27805368
INPN	116572
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730740-1
The Plant List	rjp-6009
Open Tree Of Life	217646
NCBI Taxonomy	36597
Nature Serve	2.142112
IPNI	730740-1
iNaturalist	119793
GBIF	5363119
Freebase	/m/02ldjd
EPPO	PYUCA
EOL	299081
Calflora (Californian flora)	12819
US Library of Congress	sh2012003565
USDA GRIN	30463
Wikipedia	Pyrus_calleryana
CMAUP	NPO28586

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

03-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11066761
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8803
PMID:	38707495

Long‐term effects of a tornado: Impacts on woody native vegetation and invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) in an urban forest

Culley TM, Bécus MS, Cameron GN

Ecol Evol

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10927907
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10890
PMID:	38476700

Exploring risk factors for insect borer attack in Georgia’s (USA) urban landscapes

Williamson ZV, Blaauw BR, Joseph SV

PLoS One

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10896510
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0299368
PMID:	38408102

Genomic characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae from Callery pear and the efficiency of associated phages in disease protection

Holtappels D, Abelson SA, Nouth SC, Rickus GE, Amare SZ, Giller JP, Jian DZ, Koskella B

Microbiol Spectr

07-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10913373
doi:	10.1128/spectrum.02833-23
PMID:	38323825

Correction: He et al. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196

He Y, Xu Y, Chen X

Insects

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10889426
doi:	10.3390/insects15020093
PMID:	38392559

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Seed Germination and Growth Improvement for Early Maturing Pear Breeding

Kan J, Yuan N, Lin J, Li H, Yang Q, Wang Z, Shen Z, Ying Y, Li X, Cao F

Plants (Basel)

10-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10747775
doi:	10.3390/plants12244120
PMID:	38140447

Complete chloroplast genome sequences of the ornamental plant Prunus cistena and comparative and phylogenetic analyses with its closely related species

Feng L, Zhao G, An M, Wang C, Yin Y

BMC Genomics

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10696862
doi:	10.1186/s12864-023-09838-9
PMID:	38053028

Wild edible plants and their cultural significance among the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China

Liu S, Huang X, Bin Z, Yu B, Lu Z, Hu R, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

08-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10631048
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00623-2
PMID:	37940945

Pest categorisation of Pochazia shantungensis

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617311
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8320
PMID:	37915980

Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10613939
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8313
PMID:	37908445

Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10613938
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:	37908449

Apple CRISPR-Cas9—A Recipe for Successful Targeting of AGAMOUS-like Genes in Domestic Apple

Jacobson S, Bondarchuk N, Nguyen TA, Canada A, McCord L, Artlip TS, Welser P, Klocko AL

Plants (Basel)

26-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10649517
doi:	10.3390/plants12213693
PMID:	37960050

Do adult Magicicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) feed? Historical perspectives and evidence from molecular gut content analysis

Hepler JR, Cooper WR, Cullum JP, Dardick C, Dardick L, Nixon LJ, Pouchnik DJ, Raupp MJ, Shrewsbury P, Leskey TC

J Insect Sci

18-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10583540
doi:	10.1093/jisesa/iead082
PMID:	37850668

Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10375364
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8118
PMID:	37522095

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
Amarogentin	115149	Click to see C=CC1C2CCOC(=O)C2=COC1OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)C5=CC(=CC=C5)O	586.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Amaroswerin	45359883	Click to see	602.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Vanillyl alcohol	62348	Click to see	154.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
4-[(2R)-6-methyl-4-oxohept-5-en-2-yl]benzoic acid	5316896	Click to see	246.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,11R,12R,14S,17R,18S)-1-hydroxy-2,7,11,14-tetramethyl-17-propan-2-yl-3-oxapentacyclo[10.7.0.02,4.04,8.014,18]nonadecan-16-one	10548340	Click to see	388.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(1Z,3Z,5E,7E,9Z,11E,13E,15Z)-4,7,12,15-tetramethyl-17-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1-[2,6,6-trimethyl-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexen-1-yl]-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexen-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	24883912	Click to see	1573.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	348159	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Cryptochlorogenic acid	9798666	Click to see	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Decentapicrin A	157079	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	7576924	Click to see	272.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
[3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate	11495846	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1COC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	438.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	5318154	Click to see	422.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
[3-Hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	73981614	Click to see	422.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	5315598	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	346	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73157743	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
3-Hydroxy-4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl alcohol	11972338	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Arbutin	440936	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Breynioside A	11176815	Click to see	392.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Oreganol	5320735	Click to see	438.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde	8768	Click to see	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
1,2,6-trihydroxy-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one	5321888	Click to see	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,6,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone	5281658	Click to see	260.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one	102506431	Click to see	436.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Demethylbellidifolin	5281626	Click to see	260.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mangiferin	5281647	Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Swertianin	5281661	Click to see	274.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
Xylarenal B	139588412	Click to see	418.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives
[(1S,9S,13R,14R,15S,16S)-15-hydroxy-4,5,14-trimethoxy-9-oxido-9-azoniatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-13-yl] acetate	163193511	Click to see	391.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid	2518	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin	114776	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl 4-hydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate	163193146	Click to see	600.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
[3-Hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl 4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate	75600544	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1COC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	600.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Protocatechuic acid 3-glucoside	11972438	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARRES.2010.11.007
Vanilloyl Calleryanin	5315170	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Pyrus calleryana

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top