Eranthis hyemalis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401a0ced678952032874 |
| Scientific name | Eranthis hyemalis |
| Authority | Salisb. |
| First published in | Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 304 (1807) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Eranthis hyemalis, commonly known as winter aconite, is cultivated almost exclusively for ornamental horticulture. The species produces a small tuberous corm (often referred to as a bulb) that stores reserves for early spring emergence. These corms are harvested after the foliage dies back, cleaned, and packaged for sale by commercial nurseries. They are marketed as a spring‑flowering bulb suitable for rock gardens, woodland borders, and naturalized plantings. The plant’s early bloom—often before the first leaves of many other perennials—provides a burst of colour that attracts gardeners seeking winter‑to‑spring interest. While the individual flowers are too small for typical cut‑flower arrangements, the corms constitute a standard product in the ornamental bulb trade.
Properties relevant to use:
The plant reproduces vegetatively via corms that remain dormant through the summer and can be stored, divided, and replanted. This dormancy allows growers to handle planting material after the foliage dies back, and the corm’s ability to initiate growth when exposed to appropriate chilling temperatures supports early spring flowering. The corm’s durability and capacity for handling without loss of viability are key traits that enable commercial propagation and distribution.
Standards and regulation:
In the European Union, the movement of Eranthis hyemalis corms is governed by the EU Plant Health Directive (Regulation (EU) 2016/2031), which requires a plant passport for intra‑EU trade to ensure freedom from quarantine pests. Import into non‑EU countries, such as the United States, is subject to USDA‑APHIS phytosanitary certification, as the species is listed among ornamental bulbous plants that require inspection for soil‑borne pathogens. These regulatory frameworks are standard for most commercially traded bulb crops and help prevent the spread of invasive pests and diseases.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial supply of Eranthis hyemalis is almost entirely derived from cultivated propagation rather than wild harvest. Growers produce new stock by dividing mature corms in late summer, a method that does not deplete natural populations. Certification schemes in the EU and UK—such as the Plant Passport and Certified Plant Material programs—promote disease‑free, traceable planting material. Because the species is native to parts of Europe and has become widely naturalised in some regions, growers can source locally adapted cultivars, reducing the need for long‑distance transportation and associated carbon emissions.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Koellea hyemalis | Biria | Hist. Nat. Renonc. : 21 (1811) |
| Robertia hiemalis | Mérat | Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris : 211 (1812) |
| Cammarum hyemale | Hill | British Herbal (1756) 47. |
| Eranthis bulgarica | Stef. | Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 11: 155 (1963) |
| Helleborus hyemalis | L. | Sp. Pl. : 557 (1753) |
| Helleborus involucratus | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 271 (1812) |
| Helleborus monanthos | Moench | Methodus : 313 (1794) |
| Eranthis hyemalis var. bulgarica | Stef. | Izv. Tsarsk. Prir. Inst. Sofiya 14: 317. 1941 (as hiemalis var. bulgaricus) |
| Cammarum hyemale | Greene | Pittonia 3(16): 152. 1897 [9 Apr 1897] |
| Eranthis tubergenii | Hoog |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | cammarum hyemale (l.) hill |
| English | koellea hyemalis (l.) biria |
| English | robertia hiemalis (l.) mérat |
| English | cammarum hyemale (l.) greene |
| English | winter aconite |
| English | winter-aconite |
| Spanish | robertia hiemalis |
| Spanish | helleborus involucratus |
| Spanish | helleborus monanthos |
| Spanish | cammarum hyemale |
| Spanish | eranthis bulgarica |
| Spanish | helleborus hyemalis |
| Spanish | koellea hyemalis |
| Arabic | خرباق شتوي |
| Bulgarian | презимуващ ерантис |
| Czech | talovín zimní |
| Welsh | bleidd-dag y gaeaf |
| Danish | have-erantis |
| Danish | erantis |
| German | winterling |
| diq | vıla vewre |
| Esperanto | erantido vintra |
| Estonian | talvine lumekupp |
| Persian | آرانتیس هیمالیس |
| Finnish | italiantalventähti |
| French | eranthe dhiver |
| French | hellébore d'hiver |
| French | helléborine |
| French | aconit d'hiver |
| French | éranthe d'hiver |
| fy | ayttablomke |
| Irish | dáthabha geimhridh |
| Upper Sorbian | wšědna zymnička |
| Upper Sorbian | zymska kwětka |
| Upper Sorbian | zymnik |
| Hungarian | téltemető |
| Italian | piè di gallo |
| Japanese | ヨウシュセツブンソウ |
| Japanese | 黄花節分草 |
| Japanese | キバナセツブンソウ |
| Macedonian | зимски кукурек |
| Norwegian Bokmål | erantis |
| Norwegian Bokmål | vinterblom |
| Dutch | winterakoniet |
| Dutch | winteraconiet |
| Polish | rannik zimowy |
| Russian | Весенник зимний |
| Russian | Весенник зимующий |
| Russian | Веснянка зимующая |
| Slovak | tavolín zimný |
| Slovenian | navadna jarica |
| Serbian | Кукурјак |
| Swedish | vintergäck |
| Turkish | kovancık |
| Turkish | sarıkokulu |
| Turkish | kar çiçeği |
| Ukrainian | Ерантіс зимуючий |
| Uzbek | qishlash |
| Chinese | 冬菟葵 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Maintain seeds at 20°C for 3 months, then transfer to 4°C for another 3 months. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
| germination unlikely after dry storage > 6 months; best stored in moist towels at either 4°C or 20°C; grow seedlings at cool temperature |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- Lebanon-Syria
-
Western Asia
-
Europe click to expand
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Middle Europe
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Bulgaria
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
-
Middle Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- Ontario
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- District Of Columbia
- Maryland
- North Carolina
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Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000670674 |
| UNII | 1A6GDA216T |
| Canadensys | 8488 |
| USDA Plants | ERHY4 |
| Tropicos | 27100646 |
| INPN | 96648 |
| Flora of Italy | 997 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:711189-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2791911 |
| Plantarium | 46379 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 286152 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 756503 |
| Observations.org | 6749 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 37492 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000002695 |
| Nature Serve | 2.128384 |
| IPNI | 711189-1 |
| iNaturalist | 56871 |
| GBIF | 3033227 |
| Freebase | /m/02y_4_s |
| EPPO | ETHHI |
| EOL | 594849 |
| Elurikkus | 353408 |
| USDA GRIN | 15340 |
| Wikipedia | Eranthis_hyemalis |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[(E)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]chromen-4-one | 14034920 | Click to see | 454.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]chromen-4-one | 72726488 | Click to see | 454.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-8-[(E)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]chromen-4-one | 14034918 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O1)CC=C(C)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 438.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-8-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]chromen-4-one | 72726487 | Click to see | 438.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| [5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-8,11-dihydro-4H-oxepino[2,3-h]chromen-9-yl]methyl hexopyranoside | 373657 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-8,11-dihydropyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one | 14034916 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-9-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-8,11-dihydropyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one | 14034914 | Click to see | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| Eranthin-beta-D-glucoside | 14034915 | Click to see | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones / Furanochromones | |||||
| Cimifugin beta-D-glucopyranoside | 14034911 | Click to see | 468.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin | 14034912 | Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2OC)C(=O)C=C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 468.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzoxepines | |||||
| 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-9-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-8,11-dihydropyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one | 14034913 | Click to see | 598.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
| 5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-9-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]-8,11-dihydropyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one | 373656 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C3=C(C=C2O)OCC(=CC3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 598.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19910740318 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |