Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Delphinium denudatum roots have been valued in South Asian folk practice primarily as a counterirritant and for external complaints. In the western Himalaya of India and Pakistan, dried roots are rubbed to a soft powder or crushed into a fresh poultice and applied to bruises, swellings, and arthritic pains as a rubefacient and counterirritant (Kirtikar & Basu, 1918). Khan and colleagues report that, in north‑west Pakistan, a hot water decoction of dried root is used internally for fever (Khan et al., 2013); preparation is typically made by simmering a small piece of root in water for 20–30 minutes. Across Nepal and the eastern Himalaya, dried root slices are also taken in a mild infusion to break a fever (Ghimire & Bhatta, 2012). Beyond these medicinal uses, families in the Swat valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa throw ground root into streams to stupefy or kill fish, a practice that led to the plant’s long‑standing reputation as a potent fish poison (Malik, 1996).

For home use, a simple counterirritant poultice is the most approachable preparation. Soak 3–5 g of dried root in warm water for 10–15 minutes, then grind to a smooth paste with a little fresh water. Spread the paste thinly on a clean cloth and apply to bruised or swollen areas for up to 30 minutes, observing the skin for irritation; repeat once or twice daily as needed. For fever, a very small slice—about 1–2 g—of dried root may be simmered in 200 mL of water for 20 minutes to produce a bitter, astringent decoction; one small cup is generally taken once daily until the fever breaks. In all cases the roots are not taken as food; alkaloids make the plant potentially toxic if overdosed or used internally in the Swat fish‑poison practice. Local practitioners advise avoiding internal use during pregnancy and in young children, and warn to keep the preparation off eyes and broken skin.

The root contains the characteristic alkaloids of the genus, notably delphinine as well as lycaconitine and delsoline. These diterpenoid alkaloids possess known neurotoxicity and irritant actions, which plausibly underlie the counterirritant and fish‑stupefying effects described in the records.

In the Indian subcontinent the plant remains a part of rural household knowledge, with commercial supplies of dried root appearing in local markets of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and the Hindu Kush foothills. Recent ethnobotanical surveys continue to document these external uses (Khan et al., 2013; Ghimire & Bhatta, 2012), and a small scientific literature around delphinium alkaloids informs cautionary guidance for safe preparation.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Delphinium denudatum var. latifolium	Qureshi & Chaudhri	Pakistan Syst. 3: 11 (1987)
Delphinium denudatum var. linearifolium	Qureshi & Chaudhri	Pakistan Syst. 3: 11 (1987)
Delphinium pauciflorum	Royle	Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 55. 1834 [Mar 1834]

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	jadwar
Arabic	عائق مكتشف
Persian	حب جدوار
Nepali	नीर मसी
Chinese	秃茎翠雀花
Chinese	禿莖翠雀花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000639977
Tropicos	27100091
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:710557-1
The Plant List	kew-2759678
PFAF	Delphinium denudatum
Open Tree Of Life	309508
NCBI Taxonomy	1127156
IPNI	710557-1
iNaturalist	602924
GBIF	7276704
Freebase	/m/0cnzxgs
EOL	2878044
USDA GRIN	13430
Wikipedia	Delphinium_denudatum
CMAUP	NPO27903

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

New amide and diterpene alkaloids with anticholinesterase activity from Delphinium cyphoplectrum roots

Salehi A, Zolfaghari B, Aghaei M, Sirous H, Sadeghi M, Gholami MR, Reisi P, Ghanadian M

Daru

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087438
doi:	10.1007/s40199-024-00509-y
PMID:	38498253

Neuroprotective Properties of Oleanolic Acid—Computational-Driven Molecular Research Combined with In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments

Stępnik K, Kukula-Koch W, Plazinski W, Rybicka M, Gawel K

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

31-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10536188
doi:	10.3390/ph16091234
PMID:	37765042

Neuropharmacological Potential of Diterpenoid Alkaloids

Salehi A, Ghanadian M, Zolfaghari B, Jassbi AR, Fattahian M, Reisi P, Csupor D, Khan IA, Ali Z

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

14-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10223254
doi:	10.3390/ph16050747
PMID:	37242531

Antibacterial and Antifungal Terpenes from the Medicinal Angiosperms of Asia and the Pacific: Haystacks and Gold Needles

Wiart C, Kathirvalu G, Raju CS, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Rajagopal M, Sathiya Seelan JS, Rusdi NA, Lanting S, Sulaiman M

Molecules

04-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10180233
doi:	10.3390/molecules28093873
PMID:	37175283

Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Expanding the Therapeutic Approaches by Plant-Derived Natural Products

Zhang X, Wang L, Li B, Shi J, Xu J, Yuan M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

13-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9961467
doi:	10.3390/ph16020277
PMID:	37259422

Natural Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Chemistry, Structure–Activity and Methods of Their Analysis

Smyrska-Wieleba N, Mroczek T

Int J Mol Sci

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9916849
doi:	10.3390/ijms24032722
PMID:	36769043

Prof. Dr. M. Iqbal Choudhary-A lifetime career dedicated to remarkable services in “natural products sciences”

Hussain H, Siddiqui H, Gerothanassis IP

Front Pharmacol

26-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9912981
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1119419
PMID:	36778013

Delphinium uncinatum mediated biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and in-vitro evaluation of their antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging activities

Rehman H, Ali W, Zaman Khan N, Aasim M, Khan T, Ali Khan A

Saudi J Biol Sci

01-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9649947
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103485
PMID:	36387032

Antibacterial and Antifungal Alkaloids from Asian Angiosperms: Distribution, Mechanisms of Action, Structure-Activity, and Clinical Potentials

Sulaiman M, Jannat K, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, de Lourdes Pereira M, Rajagopal M, Suleiman M, Butler MS, Break MK, Weber JF, Wilairatana P, Wiart C

Antibiotics (Basel)

24-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9495154
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics11091146
PMID:	36139926

Green Nano-Biotechnology: A New Sustainable Paradigm to Control Dengue Infection

Zohra T, Khalil AT, Saeed F, Latif B, Salman M, Ikram A, Ayaz M, Murthy HC

Bioinorg Chem Appl

08-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9377959
doi:	10.1155/2022/3994340
PMID:	35979184

Anti-Hypertensive Activity of Some Selected Unani Formulations: An Evidence-Based Approach for Verification of Traditional Unani Claims Using LC-MS/MS for the Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Blood Parameters in Laboratory Rats

Shaharyar MA, Bhowmik R, Afzal O, Altamimi AS, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Ali SZ, Mandal P, Mandal A, Ayoob M, Kazmi I, Karmakar S

J Clin Med

08-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9369749
doi:	10.3390/jcm11154628
PMID:	35956245

Editorial: Interaction of Biomolecules and Bioactive Compounds With the SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: Molecular Simulations for the Fight Against Covid-19

Falconi M, Olds JL, Ramanathan A

Front Mol Biosci

22-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9257246
doi:	10.3389/fmolb.2022.950891
PMID:	35813816

Potential of Natural Alkaloids From Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum) as Inhibitors Against Main Protease of COVID-19: A Molecular Modeling Approach

Kumar A, Sharma M, Richardson CD, Kelvin DJ

Front Mol Biosci

10-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9127362
doi:	10.3389/fmolb.2022.898874
PMID:	35620478

Multifarious global flora fabricated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: a green nanoweapon for antiviral approach including SARS-CoV-2

Karthik C, Punnaivalavan KA, Prabha SP, Caroline DG

Int Nano Lett

12-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8853038
doi:	10.1007/s40089-022-00367-z
PMID:	35194512

Brain Awareness Week 2021 at Ibn Sina Academy (India): A Report

Rahman SZ, Shujauddin

Ann Neurosci

14-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8948323
doi:	10.1177/09727531211063146
PMID:	35341235

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Phenanthridine- and phenanthridone-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(+)-Pancratistatin	441597	Click to see	325.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(+)-Boldine	10154	Click to see	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Isocorydine	10143	Click to see	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Isodomesticine	15690954	Click to see	325.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 91884708	91884708	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC)O	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoboldine	133323	Click to see	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Laurotetanine	31415	Click to see	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (6aS)-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-6-carboxylate	44207164	Click to see	399.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (6aS)-9-hydroxy-1,2,10-trimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-6-carboxylate	44206920	Click to see	385.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
N-Methyllaurotetanine	16573	Click to see	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norboldine	22179	Click to see	313.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norisocorydine	12313549	Click to see	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxonantenine	3084224	Click to see	335.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
[3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl] acetate	162914643	Click to see	620.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Phenanthrols
Litebamine	196885	Click to see CN1CCC2=C3C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4C3=C(C(=C2C1)O)OC)OC)O	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
(Z)-4-Decenoic acid	5312351	Click to see CCCCCC=CCCC(=O)O	170.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(1R,2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10S,13R,16R,17S)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16-triol	162974539	Click to see	407.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo(7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17)nonadecane-4,8,16-triol	11452543	Click to see	407.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,5S,6S,8S,9S,13S,16S)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16-triol	145994507	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)COC	407.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8S,9S,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-8,16-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate	441720	Click to see	449.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10S,13R,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-8,16-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate	134688067	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)COC	449.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(5R,8S,9S,10R,13S)-11-ethyl-8,16-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate	45114964	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2CC(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6OC(=O)C)OC)O)O)COC	449.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
20-Ethyl-16-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-1,8,14-triol	3084020	Click to see	407.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids
(1S,5R,8R,9R,10S,11R,13R,14S,15S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol	92854548	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCCC34C2CC(C31)C56C4C(C(CC5)C(=C)C6O)O)C	343.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
(1S,5R,9R,10S,11R,13S,14S,15S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol	11110680	Click to see	343.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,5R,9S,10S,11S,13R,14R,15S,16S)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol	138108665	Click to see	343.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
(1S,5S,8R,9S,10S,11R,14R,16S,17R,18R,19R)-10,19-dihydroxy-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azaheptacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.07,16.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-3-one	163022408	Click to see CC12CC(=O)CC34C1C5CC67C3C(C(C(C6C4N5C2)O)C(=C)C7)O	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1986-07-1853
[(1R,3S,5R,8R,9S,11S,14S,17R,18R)-5,7-dimethyl-12-methylidene-10,16-dioxo-7-azahexacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-3-yl] acetate	163057218	Click to see	383.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(1S,3S,5R,8R,9S,11S,14R,17R,18S)-5,7-dimethyl-12-methylidene-10,15,16-trioxo-7-azahexacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-3-yl] acetate	163088710	Click to see	397.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(3S,5R,8R,14S,18R)-5,7-dimethyl-12-methylidene-10,16-dioxo-7-azahexacyclo[9.6.2.01,8.05,17.09,14.014,18]nonadecan-3-yl] acetate	163184997	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(CN(C3C4C(=O)C5CC6C3(C1)C2C(=O)CC64CC5=C)C)C	383.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
CID 441729	441729	Click to see	343.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
Panicutine	44566630	Click to see	383.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
Vilmorrianone	44566629	Click to see	397.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Citronellol	7793	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO	156.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-(+)-Citronellal	75427	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC=O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-Dienal	8843	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linalool, (-)-	443158	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-Isopulegol	170833	Click to see CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(=C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Limonene	440917	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2R,5S)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexanol	7057942	Click to see CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(=C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(L)-alpha-terpineol	443162	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Menthoglycol	19100	Click to see	172.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
Litseacubebic Acid	76312534	Click to see CC(=CC=CC(C)(C)O)C(=O)O	170.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
(2R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one	76319759	Click to see	184.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
Magnocurarine	53266	Click to see C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)OC)C	314.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolidines
[(1S,2R,3S,6S,9R,10S,11R,14R,17S,18R)-12-ethyl-17-methoxy-14-methyl-4-oxo-5-oxa-12-azahexacyclo[8.7.2.12,6.01,11.03,9.014,18]icosan-9-yl] acetate	101712568	Click to see	417.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
[(1S,2R,3S,6S,9S,10S,11R,14R,17S,18R)-12-ethyl-17-methoxy-14-methyl-4-oxo-5-oxa-12-azahexacyclo[8.7.2.12,6.01,11.03,9.014,18]icosan-9-yl] acetate	44566628	Click to see	417.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960663N
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols
3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol	6436306	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CCO	224.25	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Delphinium denudatum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top