Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Blue cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides, appears repeatedly in ethnobotanical records from Native North American peoples who prepared infusions and decoctions primarily of the root for gynecological, digestive, and respiratory complaints. Among the Cherokee, according to Heatherley, 2005, and Moerman, 1998, a root infusion was taken to induce or regulate menses and used after childbirth to “cleanse” the system. The Haudenosaunee, as cited by Herrick, 1995, prepared a root decoction as an emmenagogue and to relieve uterine cramping. The Menominee, reported by Smith, 1923, used a root infusion for infant colic, while the Meskwaki, recorded by Smith, 1928, employed an oral decoction for amenorrhea and postpartum difficulties. In each case the plant part is the mature rootstock.

A practical preparation that reflects historic practice, albeit with modern cautions, is a 1:5 (w/v) ethanol tincture. Use dried blue cohosh root, finely chopped, at a ratio of 50 g of root to 250 mL of 45–50% ethanol. Macerate in a dark bottle for 4–6 weeks, shaking daily. Strain through a fine cloth or filter paper. This method corresponds to classic herbal pharmacy and the monograph standard for N-methylcytisine content. Use only under professional guidance; adults may take 0.5–1 mL up to twice daily, but pregnant, lactating, and people with hypertension, cardiac disease, or seizure disorders should avoid it. Not for pediatric use and do not exceed stated doses.

The therapeutic signaling likely relates to the plant’s distinct alkaloids—N-methylcytisine and anagyrine—along with triterpenoid saponins (including caulosaponin) and quinolizidine alkaloids, which can affect smooth muscle tone and uterine contractility (Duke et al., 2009; Botanical Safety Consortium data). These constituents plausibly underpin historic use for menstrual regulation and labor support, though the narrow safety window and documented adverse events require strict clinical oversight.

Contemporary relevance includes careful, low‑dose inclusion in some Western materia medica for dysfunctional uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea, usually within restricted therapeutic windows and contraindications; however, many practitioners avoid it entirely in pregnancy and lactation (Wood, 1997; Hoffmann, 2003). Current research continues to profile its alkaloids and evaluate safety, while conservation concerns and limited availability reinforce a cautious, evidence‑guided approach.

General Uses Top

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Scientific and model organism use:
Caulophyllum thalictroides serves as a model organism in ecological and genetic research. A reference genome for this species was published in 2021, hosted by iPlant Collaborative (now CyVerse) for comparative genomics within the Berberidaceae family. It is utilized in population genetics studies assessing genetic diversity and structure across its North American range, providing insights into phylogeography and conservation priorities for forest understory species. Protocols for DNA extraction and nuclear genome sequencing, established by the Phytozome and SRA repositories, are publicly available for standardized analysis. Its inclusion in standardized floras like Flora of North America enables comparative morphological studies in systematics and evolutionary biology.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Leontice thalictrifolium	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 252 (1796)
Leontice thalictroides	L.	Sp. Pl. : 312 (1753)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	blue cohosh
Hungarian	kék indiángyökér

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

Pulpy Coat Inhibits Germination: Seeds with a pulpy or fleshy outer coat need to have this material removed by soaking and rinsing in clean water daily for about a week. The inhibitory substances in the pulp are thus washed away, and germination rates improve.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

hydrophilic

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - North Dakota
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Western Canada
  - Manitoba

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000591222
UNII	518LV969O6
Flora of Alabama	1142
Canadensys	3670
USDA Plants	CATH2
Tropicos	3500004
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1056122-2
The Plant List	kew-2706078
Missouri Botanical Garden	277766
PFAF	Caulophyllum thalictroides
Open Tree Of Life	190644
NCBI Taxonomy	46963
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000456995
Nature Serve	2.137412
IPNI	1056122-2
iNaturalist	84330
GBIF	3033920
Freebase	/m/0cbrht
WisFlora	3053
EOL	596552
USDA GRIN	402531
Wikipedia	Caulophyllum_thalictroides

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Toxicities of Herbal Abortifacients

Feng C, Fay KE, Burns MM

Am J Emerg Med

07-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10192026
doi:	10.1016/j.ajem.2023.03.005
PMID:	36924751

Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in Western North America

Green BT, Welch KD, Lee ST, Stonecipher CA, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ, Cook D

Front Vet Sci

22-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9992831
doi:	10.3389/fvets.2023.1104702
PMID:	36908517

Pre-workout Induced Demand Ischemia

Rodriguez Guerra MA, Urena Neme AP, Shaban M, Matos Noboa C, Trinh T

Cureus

12-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9925028
doi:	10.7759/cureus.33694
PMID:	36793833

Berberine—A Promising Therapeutic Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Infertile/Pregnant Women

Ionescu OM, Frincu F, Mehedintu A, Plotogea M, Cirstoiu M, Petca A, Varlas V, Mehedintu C

Life (Basel)

02-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9864590
doi:	10.3390/life13010125
PMID:	36676074

Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems

Desai AR, Murphy BA, Wiesner S, Thom J, Butterworth BJ, Koupaei‐Abyazani N, Muttaqin A, Paleri S, Talib A, Turner J, Mineau J, Merrelli A, Stoy P, Davis K

J Geophys Res Biogeosci

07-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC10369927
doi:	10.1029/2022JG007014
PMID:	37502709

Plastid Phylogenomics and Plastome Evolution of Nandinoideae (Berberidaceae)

Song S, Zubov D, Comes HP, Li H, Liu X, Zhong X, Lee J, Yang Z, Li P

Front Plant Sci

30-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9302238
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.913011
PMID:	35873997

The long‐term effects of invasive earthworms on plant community composition and diversity in a hardwood forest in northern Minnesota

Alexander G, Almendinger J, White P

Plant Environ Interact

21-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC10168095
doi:	10.1002/pei3.10075
PMID:	37284009

Novel Oleanane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from the Saponaria officinalis L. Seeds and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity via Mitochondria

Takahashi N, Iguchi T, Kuroda M, Mishima M, Mimaki Y

Int J Mol Sci

12-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8877789
doi:	10.3390/ijms23042047
PMID:	35216169

Use of Herbal Medicine by Pregnant Women: What Physicians Need to Know

Illamola SM, Amaeze OU, Krepkova LV, Birnbaum AK, Karanam A, Job KM, Bortnikova VV, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY

Front Pharmacol

09-Jan-2020

PMCID:	PMC6962104
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2019.01483
PMID:	31998122

Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin‐derived products

Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Arcella D, Baert K, Cascio C, Steinkellner H, Bignami M

EFSA J

05-Nov-2019

PMCID:	PMC7008800
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860
PMID:	32626161

Novel insights into how the mean and heterogeneity of abiotic conditions together shape forb species richness patterns in the Allegheny plateau ecoregion

Catella SA, Eysenbach SR, Abbott KC

Ecol Evol

30-Sep-2019

PMCID:	PMC6875668
doi:	10.1002/ece3.5508
PMID:	31788184

Application of metabolomics and molecular networking in investigating the chemical profile and antitrypanosomal activity of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta)

Raheem DJ, Tawfike AF, Abdelmohsen UR, Edrada-Ebel R, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V

Sci Rep

22-Feb-2019

PMCID:	PMC6385288
doi:	10.1038/s41598-019-38940-w
PMID:	30796274

The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Setzer WN

Medicines (Basel)

12-Nov-2018

PMCID:	PMC6313439
doi:	10.3390/medicines5040121
PMID:	30424560

Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders

Neag MA, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Pop RM, Bocsan CI, Crişan G, Buzoianu AD

Front Pharmacol

21-Aug-2018

PMCID:	PMC6111450
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2018.00557
PMID:	30186157

Herbal fertility treatments used in North America from colonial times to 1900, and their potential for improving the success rate of assisted reproductive technology

Lans C, Taylor-Swanson L, Westfall R

Reprod Biomed Soc Online

12-Apr-2018

PMCID:	PMC6047296
doi:	10.1016/j.rbms.2018.03.001
PMID:	30023440

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(+)-Magnoflorine	73337	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(96)01919-X https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199809/10)9:5<232::AID-PCA412>3.0.CO;2-5
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Anagyrine-type alkaloids
(1S,9S,10R,12S)-12-hydroxy-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4-dien-6-one	131676079	Click to see	260.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199809/10)9:5<232::AID-PCA412>3.0.CO;2-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(96)01919-X https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666
Monolupin	71056954	Click to see	244.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(96)01919-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199809/10)9:5<232::AID-PCA412>3.0.CO;2-5
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Cytisine and derivatives
(1R,9R)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one	1747617	Click to see CN1CC2CC(C1)C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2	204.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(96)01919-X
(1R)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido(1,2-a)(1,5)diazocin-8-one	1278189	Click to see	204.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9130300191
Caulophylline	234566	Click to see	204.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9130300191
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Sparteine, lupanine, and related alkaloids
(1R,2R,9S,10R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecan-6-one	92143189	Click to see	248.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
alpha-Isolupanine	119201	Click to see C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3CCCC4=O	248.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
4-[(E)-2-[(2S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl]phenol	50901754	Click to see	217.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	44179789	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	783.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	44179656	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	945.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162975878	Click to see	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101844613	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5O)C)C)(C)CO)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1283.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	45270954	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5O)C)C)(C)CO)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1091.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	11968343	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	56660246	Click to see	783.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	56664795	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	945.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	14283356	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1221.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162975877	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5O)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	14038567	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)CO)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	14488614	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	56657687	Click to see	1091.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	14038555	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E
Cauloside D	21630094	Click to see	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E
Cauloside D	71586956	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)CO)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1075.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666
Cauloside G	45267538	Click to see	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.666 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Ciwujianoside A1	21607574	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1221.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
Cussonoside A	171596	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,4R,5R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,9,13,19,20-heptamethyl-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-22-one	44179655	Click to see	751.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(1S,2R,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	44179787	Click to see	769.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15S,17R,18R,23R)-17-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one	45270110	Click to see	634.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15S,18S,23R)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one	45270111	Click to see	780.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	45269267	Click to see	767.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	15379012	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	44179788	Click to see	783.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aS)-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	44179719	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(CC3(C(=C2C1)C=CC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C)C)O)C(=O)O)C	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	44179717	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C=O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aR,5R,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR)-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	6324902	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	620.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	25087737	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	44179589	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56673060	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1(C)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	769.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,9,13,19,20-heptamethyl-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-22-one	56677414	Click to see	751.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56678300	Click to see	767.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56670738	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	783.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	13878149	Click to see	767.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
10-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	258538	Click to see	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9130300191
17-Hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-9-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one	56663824	Click to see	634.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-Heptamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	4872975	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
5-Hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56663974	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
5-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56667814	Click to see	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
5-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	13293127	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	620.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
9-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	4483448	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
9-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one	56671304	Click to see CC1(CCC23CCC4(C5(CCC6C(C5C7C(C4(C2C1)OC3=O)O7)(CCC(C6(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)C	780.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
9-Formyl-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56671317	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
9-Formyl-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	56663844	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C=O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C(=O)O)C	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
asperosaponin C	13878127	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Cauloside A	441928	Click to see	604.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Cauloside C	13878151	Click to see	767.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Collinsonin	45267537	Click to see	620.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Hederagenin	73299	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9130300191
Oleanolic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside	494511	Click to see	751.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B
Saponin PE	13878145	Click to see	751.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900164B https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Caulophyllumine A	101844612	Click to see	279.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011
Thalictroidine	10489834	Click to see CN1CCCCC1CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O	233.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Taspine	215159	Click to see	369.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9901581
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids / Curcuminoids
(E,7S)-7-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-ene-3,5-dione	163191279	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O)O	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010814E https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.011

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Caulophyllum thalictroides

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