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Phalaris canariensis

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644031fc83d5b171600697
Scientific name Phalaris canariensis
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 54 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical uses of Phalaris canariensis are recorded in Oceanic and Pacific Island contexts that involve infusions of the above‑ground plant parts. Among Māori and other Polynesian communities of New Zealand, a tea is made from young leaves and stems, taken in small amounts for visionary effects (McClatchey, 2002; Shulgin, 1997). In Samoa, aerial parts are similarly infused as a ceremonial or entheogenic tea, and use is said to be declining as other, more predictable species gain favor (Harvey et al., 2010). In Tonga, traditional practitioners have employed decoctions of young grass for perceptual shifts, though such practices remain closely held (Harvey et al., 2010). These preparations all focus on the aerial plant material—leaves and upper stems—rather than the seed heads.

An approachable, traditional‑style recipe from Pacific practice is a mild aerial‑parts tea. Place a generous handful (roughly 10–15 g) of fresh young leaves and tops in a teapot and cover with about 500–600 mL of hot water just below boiling. Steep 8–12 minutes, strain, and sip slowly, stopping if any nausea or disorientation appears. For a decoction of the same aerial material, simmer 15–20 g in 500 mL of water for 20 minutes, cool, and strain. A 1:5 ethanol tincture can be prepared by macerating 20 g dried aerial parts in 100 mL of 50% alcohol for 2–4 weeks with daily shaking, then straining. Safety note: effects are dose‑dependent and variable between plants; individuals with cardiovascular issues or using serotonergic medications should avoid, and use during pregnancy or lactation is not recommended. If adverse reactions occur—racing heart, severe anxiety, vomiting—discontinue and seek care.

The above‑ground material contains low but detectable levels of tryptamine alkaloids—N,N‑dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5‑methoxy‑N,N‑dimethyltryptamine (5‑MeO‑DMT)—along with other indole alkaloids such as bufotenine (5‑HO‑DMT) as documented in screening studies (Shulgin, 1997). The psychotropic activity in the Oceanic teas is plausibly linked to these compounds, which cross the blood–brain barrier and are known to produce short‑lived perceptual effects.

Today, Phalaris canariensis is more familiar as canary birdseed, but interest in its alkaloid profile and in Oceania’s ceremonial teas persists, with ongoing screening and limited cultural documentation (Harvey et al., 2010; Shulgin, 1997).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The seeds (commonly called canary seed) are produced for companion‑bird diets and as an ingredient in small‑animal feeds. Commercially they are marketed as whole seed or dehulled, graded for size and cleanliness.

Industrial and craft applications:
Canary seed has been evaluated as a feedstock for bioethanol and biodiesel. Fermentable sugars are released by dilute acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, and lipids (approximately 5–7% in the caryopsis) can be transesterified to fatty‑acid methyl esters. Seed meal remaining after oil extraction contains approximately 30% protein and has been studied as a bioadsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The seed is processed into gluten‑free flour and milled fractions for baked goods, breakfast cereals, and snacks. The grain contains approximately 15–16% protein and 5–7% lipids in the caryopsis; dehulling and fine milling yield flour with functional starch–protein matrices suitable for formulating breads, crackers, and muesli. IGY (industrial grade oil) derived from the seed has been proposed as an edible frying oil when refined, with an approximate fatty‑acid composition of 18:2 n‑6 45–50%, 18:1 n‑9 27–32%, and saturated fatty acids around 20%.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use as a dye or tannin source.

Wood and fiber:
No documented use for timber or bast/leaf fiber.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented use as a source of fragrance or cosmetic raw materials.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed size uniformity facilitates grading and automated metering in bird feed. The oil’s iodine value (approximately 115–130 g I2/100 g) and saponification value (approximately 185–195 mg KOH/g) reflect a mix of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids suitable for transesterification. Seed meal’s protein content and surface chemistry underpin its adsorption capacity for metal cations. Whole‑grain flour’s moderate protein level and starch characteristics support structure formation in gluten‑free formulations.

Standards and regulation:
Grain for human use is subject to national cereal standards (e.g., Canada: Grade determinants for canary seed; grades 1–3 based on damage, foreign material, and size). Oil and meal for food/feed comply with fat/oil specifications and feed regulations. Health‑related labeling follows jurisdiction‑specific rules for gluten‑free claims.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial production is concentrated in Canada and the United States, with crop management focused on weed control, nitrogen fertility, and harvest timing to maintain seed quality. Yield and agronomic practices are documented in extension literature, supporting supply reliability for food and industrial markets.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Phalaris aquatica Delile ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. 5: 471 (1884)
Phalaris avicularis Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 17 (1796)
Phalaris canariensis f. bracteata Jansen & Wacht. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. III, 6: 135 1917
Phalaris canariensis f. colorata Jansen & Wacht. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. III, 52: 213 1942
Phalaris canariensis f. vivipara Junge Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30: 123 1912
Phalaris canariensis var. debilis Tocl & Rohlena Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 49: 1. 1902
Phalaris canariensis var. nigra Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 135. 1812
Phalaris canariensis var. subcylindrica Thell. Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 56: 271. 1912
Phalaris canariensis var. tenuis Jansen & Wacht. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. ser. 3, 52: 213. 1942
Phalaris canariensis var. villosula Jansen & Wacht. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. ser. 3, 52: 213. 1942
Phalaris ovata Moench Methodus : 208 (1794)
Phalaris canariensis subsp. typica Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 1: 59 (1897)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English canary grass
English annual canarygrass
Spanish alpiste
Arabic خرفار كناري
Arabic حب المصافير
Czech chrastice kanárská
Welsh pefrwellt yr adar
German kanariengras
German spitzsamen
German kanariensaat
German kanarien-glanzgras
Estonian kanaari paelrohi
Basque alpiste
Finnish kanarianhelpi
French blé des canaries
French alpiste
Hungarian fénymag
Hungarian kanáriköles
Italian scagliola
Japanese カナリークサヨシ
Korean 카나리아풀
Lithuanian kanarinis strypainis
Malayalam canary grass
Malayalam കാനറിപ്പുല്ല്
Norwegian Bokmål kanarigress
Dutch kanariezaad
Polish mozga kanaryjska
Portuguese alpista
Swedish kanariegräs
Ukrainian Очеретянка канаркова
Chinese 加拿丽鹬草
Chinese 金丝雀园草芦
Chinese 金丝雀虉草
Chinese 加那利鷸草
Chinese 加那利虉草
Chinese 加拿麗鷸草
Chinese 金絲雀園草蘆
Chinese 金絲雀虉草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Lesotho
      • Northern Provinces
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States
      • Saudi Arabia
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China Southeast
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Taiwan
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Russian Far East
      • Khabarovsk
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Irkutsk
    • Western Asia
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • India
      • Pakistan
    • Indo-China
      • Vietnam
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Tasmania
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
    • New Zealand
      • Chatham Islands
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Switzerland
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Northwest Territorie
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Cuba
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
      • Honduras
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000889657
UNII Q4AVW32F1G
Florida Plant Atlas 1385
Flora of Alabama 4991
Canadensys 7819
USDA Plants PHCA5
Tropicos 25509861
INPN 112988
Flora of Italy 7654
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415588-1
The Plant List kew-433438
Open Tree Of Life 164859
Observations.org 7166
NCBI Taxonomy 376798
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002670
Nature Serve 2.129431
IPNI 415588-1
iNaturalist 57191
GBIF 5289744
Freebase /m/07jgnh
WisFlora 4471
EPPO PHACA
EOL 1114733
Elurikkus 6177
Calflora (Californian flora) 6420
US Library of Congress sh88022982
USDA GRIN 27517
Wikipedia Canary_grass
CMAUP NPO12516

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Antimicrobial, Herbicidal and pesticidal potential of Tunisian eucalyptus species: Chemoprofiling and biological evaluation Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, Khammassi M, Dhaouadi F, Amri I, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V Heliyon 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11076916
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29905
PMID:38720723
Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Pinaceae Species Ancuceanu R, Anghel AI, Hovaneț MV, Ciobanu AM, Lascu BE, Dinu M Antioxidants (Basel) 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967544
doi:10.3390/antiox13030286
PMID:38539820
Melatonin Modulates Tomato Root Morphology by Regulating Key Genes and Endogenous Hormones Tian Q, Wang G, Dou J, Niu Y, Li R, An W, Tang Z, Yu J Plants (Basel) 27-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857687
doi:10.3390/plants13030383
PMID:38337916
Phytochemical study on the essential oils of Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson, and assessment of their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and allelopathic effects Kochti O, Polito F, Caputo L, Marwa K, Mabrouk Y, Hamrouni L, Amri I, De Feo V Heliyon 13-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10770506
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23656
PMID:38187260
Biodegradation of isoproturon by Escherichia coli expressing a Pseudomonas putida catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene Elarabi NI, Abdelhadi AA, Nassrallah AA, Mohamed MS, Abdelhaleem HA AMB Express 26-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10522561
doi:10.1186/s13568-023-01609-9
PMID:37751014
Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Determine Interactions between Canary Seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) Bioactive Peptides and Skin-Aging Enzymes Aguilar-Toalá JE, Vidal-Limon A, Liceaga AM, Zambrano-Zaragoza ML, Quintanar-Guerrero D Int J Mol Sci 30-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10487734
doi:10.3390/ijms241713420
PMID:37686226
Plant Essential Oils as Biopesticides: Applications, Mechanisms, Innovations, and Constraints Gupta I, Singh R, Muthusamy S, Sharma M, Grewal K, Singh HP, Batish DR Plants (Basel) 10-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10458566
doi:10.3390/plants12162916
PMID:37631128
Distribution, Effect, and Control of Exotic Plants in Republic of Korea Lim BS, Seok JE, Lim CH, Kim GS, Shin HC, Lee CS Biology (Basel) 06-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10294914
doi:10.3390/biology12060826
PMID:37372111
Comprehensive Study of Si-Based Compounds in Selected Plants (Pisum sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Triticum aestivum L.) Orzoł A, Cruzado-Tafur E, Gołębiowski A, Rogowska A, Pomastowski P, Górecki RJ, Buszewski B, Szultka-Młyńska M, Głowacka K Molecules 24-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10254194
doi:10.3390/molecules28114311
PMID:37298792
Silica deposition in plants: scaffolding the mineralization Zexer N, Kumar S, Elbaum R Ann Bot 24-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10332400
doi:10.1093/aob/mcad056
PMID:37094329
Bioaccessibility and Cellular Uptake of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Ferulic Acid from Muffins and Breads Made from Hairless Canary Seed, Wheat and Corn Blends Abdel-Aal ES, Rabalski I, Carey C, Gamel TH Foods 19-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10047919
doi:10.3390/foods12061307
PMID:36981233
Assessment of Protein Nutritional Quality of Novel Hairless Canary Seed in Comparison to Wheat and Oat Using In Vitro Static Digestion Models L’Hocine L, Achouri A, Mason E, Pitre M, Martineau-Côté D, Sirois S, Karboune S Nutrients 10-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10056580
doi:10.3390/nu15061347
PMID:36986077
Origanum heracleoticum Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities Amato G, Caputo L, Francolino R, Martino M, De Feo V, De Martino L Plants (Basel) 14-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9959193
doi:10.3390/plants12040866
PMID:36840214
Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia Amri I, Khammassi M, Ben Ayed R, Khedhri S, Mansour MB, Kochti O, Pieracci Y, Flamini G, Mabrouk Y, Gargouri S, Hanana M, Hamrouni L Plants (Basel) 11-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9965493
doi:10.3390/plants12040816
PMID:36840164
Melatonin-mediated development and abiotic stress tolerance in plants Pan Y, Xu X, Li L, Sun Q, Wang Q, Huang H, Tong Z, Zhang J Front Plant Sci 26-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9909564
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1100827
PMID:36778689

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoic acid 12695575 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C(=O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones
(2R-trans)-2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 169729 Click to see 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3H-inden-1-one 21633068 Click to see 264.32 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3H-inden-1-one 46849571 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)O 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S-trans)-6-(2-Chloroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 148419 Click to see 252.73 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 46850078 Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)O 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,3-Dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 169739 Click to see 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-Pterosin B 12314748 Click to see 218.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-1H-inden-1-one 147559 Click to see 248.32 unknown via CMAUP database
(3R)-6-(2-chloroethyl)-3-hydroxy-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-3H-inden-1-one 23260004 Click to see 266.76 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S)-Pterosin D 71361396 Click to see 248.32 unknown via CMAUP database
(R)-2,4,6-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-Dihydro-1H-indene-5-acetic acid 148588 Click to see 232.27 unknown via CMAUP database
(S)-2,3-Dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 134443 Click to see 262.34 unknown via CMAUP database
(S)-2,3-Dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 151323 Click to see 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Indanone 6735 Click to see C1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 132.16 unknown via CMAUP database
2S,3S-acetylpterosin C 21122778 Click to see 276.33 unknown via CMAUP database
Epipterosin L 46848746 Click to see 264.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin A 135017 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)CO 248.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin B 115049 Click to see 218.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin C 186209 Click to see 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin H 135029 Click to see 250.76 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin I 161891 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C 246.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin K 148420 Click to see 266.76 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin O 135255 Click to see 232.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin Z 134977 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C 232.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosinf 46849741 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCCl)C 236.73 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
(2E,4E,6S)-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,8R,9S)-9-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-10-en-2-yl]hepta-2,4-dienoic acid 10883014 Click to see CCC1C=CC2(C(C(C(C(O2)C(C)C=CC=CC(=O)O)C)O)C)OC1C 364.50 unknown via CMAUP database
pteridic acid A 11013967 Click to see 364.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols
Tripalmitin 11147 Click to see 807.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Ptaquiloside Z 101242525 Click to see 412.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteridanoside 11795946 Click to see CC1(CC2C(C1=O)C3(CCC3=C(C2O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)C 412.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
(2S,3S,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one 70686927 Click to see 480.60 unknown via CMAUP database
20-Hydroxyecdysone 5459840 Click to see 480.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosterone 441836 Click to see 480.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Pentahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
3-Epiecdysone 23724769 Click to see 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Ecdysone 19212 Click to see CC(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)C(CCC(C)(C)O)O 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Ponasterone A 115127 Click to see 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2beta,3beta,5beta,22R)-3-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2,14,20,22-tetrahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one 12314455 Click to see 626.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Stigmast-4-en-3-one 5484202 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
(E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron 21883788 Click to see [H+].[H+].C(=CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] 116.07 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 21952380 21952380 Click to see 118.09 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Prunasin 119033 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 295.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 46848577 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3S)-Pteroside C 44201982 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 46848576 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(3R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3H-inden-1-one 46848743 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(S)-6-(2-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-one 148715 Click to see CC1CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1=O)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Ptaquiloside 13962857 Click to see CC1CC2(C=C(C3(CC3)C(C2C1=O)(C)O)C)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 398.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside A 169727 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)CO 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside B 134279 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside C 169728 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside D 169738 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2O)(C)C 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside Z 169737 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)C 394.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin D 3-O-glucoside 21670079 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Wallichoside 23260007 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
4-Ethenylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside 182338 Click to see C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 282.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Ptelatoside A 185053 Click to see 414.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Ptelatoside b 130179 Click to see 428.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / Pyrrolidones / Pyrrolidine-2-ones
(5R)-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one 643445 Click to see 115.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid 5281762 Click to see 336.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-feruloyl)-glucoside 23265189 Click to see 624.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Tiliroside 5320686 Click to see 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
kaempferol 5-O-beta-L-glucopyranoside 72551435 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3-O-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 101683504 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 626.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one 101714010 Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O 640.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 101683505 Click to see 640.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercitin 10813969 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
kaempferol 3-O-beta-L-glucopyranoside 9911508 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Trifolin 5282149 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside 101949540 Click to see 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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