Phalaris arundinacea
Table of Contents
Details Top
Internal ID | UUID644031fc25f8d761562321 |
Scientific name | Phalaris arundinacea |
Authority | L. |
First published in | Sp. Pl. : 55 (1753) |
Description Top
Suggest a correction or write a new one!
Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a tall, perennial bunchgrass that is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa and North America. It is commonly found in wet open areas and along the margins of lakes and streams. It has a wide range of uses, including ornamental plants, phytoremediation, biomass power stations, pulp and papermaking, hay crop and forage, and as a source for psychedelic drugs. It is also an invasive species in many places, as it propagates by seed and rhizome and can be difficult to eradicate. It contains varying levels of hordenine and gramine, as well as DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds.
Synonyms Top
Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
---|---|---|
Arundo colorata | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 1: 116 (1789) |
Arundo riparia | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 24 (1796) |
Baldingera arundinacea | (L.) Dumort. | Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 130 (1824) |
Baldingera arundinacea f. colorata | P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. | Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 96 1799 |
Baldingera arundinacea f. umbrosa | Peterm. | Fl. Lips. Excurs. 87 1838 |
Baldingera arundinacea var. picta | (L.) Nyman | Consp. Fl. Eur. 791 1878 |
Baldingera arundinacea var. rotgesii | Husn. | Graminées : 87 (1899) |
Baldingera arundinacea var. variegata | Coss. & Germ. | Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris ed. 2: 784. 1861 |
Baldingera colorata | G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. | Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 96 (1799) |
Calamagrostis colorata | Sibth. | Fl. Oxon. : 37 (1794) |
Calamagrostis variegata | With. | Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3 , 2: 124 (1796) |
Digraphis americana | Loudon | Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 27. 1830 |
Digraphis arundinacea | Trin. | Fund. Agrost. : 127 (1820) |
Digraphis arundinacea var. picta | (L.) Pacher | Jahrb. Naturhist. Landesmus. Kärnten 14: 119 1880 |
Endallex arundinacea | Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. | Index Kew. 1: 839. 1893 (1893) |
Phalaridantha arundinacea | (L.) St.-Lag. | Étude Fl. , éd. 8. 2: 900 (1889) |
Phalaris monspeliensis | Daveau | Monde Pl. 37(161): 1 (1926) |
Phalaris americana var. picta | Eaton | Man. Bot. , ed. 8: 352 (1840) |
Phalaris arundinacea f. luteopicta | Voss. | Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 2: 1198 1896 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. minor | Jansen & Wacht. | Ned. Kruidk. Arch. III, 6: 141 1917 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. pallens | Stebler ex Hegi | Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 197 1907 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. pallida | A.F.Schwarz | Fl. Nürnb. 855 1892 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. picta | (L.) B.P.R.Chéron | Compt. Rend. Soc. Bot. Ardèche 62:15:00. 2018 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. ramifera | Junge | Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 22(Beih. 3): 60 1905 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. ramosa | Gaudin | Fl. Helv. 1: 160. 1828 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. thyrsoidea | (Willk.) Paunero | Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 8: 489 1948 |
Phalaris arundinacea f. variegata | (With.) Druce | Fl. Berkshire 556 1898 |
Phalaris arundinacea subsp. hispanica | (De Coincy) Kerguélen | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 322 (1976) |
Phalaris arundinacea subsp. oehleri | Pilg. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 91 (1909) |
Phalaris arundinacea subsp. picta | (L.) Arcang. | Comp. Fl. Ital. 755. 1882 (1882) |
Phalaris arundinacea subsp. rotgesii | (Fouc. & Mandon ex Husnot) Kerguélen | Lejeunia , n.s., 75: 226 (1975) |
Phalaris arundinacea var. colorata | Hartm. | Handb. Skand. Fl. ed. 4: 22 1843 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. japonica | (Steud.) Hack. | Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 646. 1899 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. leioclada | Maire | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 217. 1941 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. picta | L. | Sp. Pl. : 55 (1753) |
Phalaris arundinacea var. rotgesii | (Husn.) Litard. | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 195 1922 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. thyrsoidea | Willk. | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 145. 1890 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. variegata | Parn. | Grass. Britain : 188 (1845) |
Phalaris caesia | Nees | Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 6. 1841 |
Phalaris colorata | P.Beauv. | Ess. Agrostogr. : 172 (1812) |
Phalaris hispanica | Coincy | J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 207 (1894) |
Phalaris japonica | Steud. | Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 11 (1853) |
Phalaris picta | (L.) Sloboda | Rostlinnictví : 166 (1852) |
Phalaris rotgesii | (Husn.) Litard. | Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 19: 100. 1910 (1909 publ. 1910) |
Phalaris tuberinacea | Coville & Ciald. | I.D.I.A. 68: 8. 1953 (1953) |
Phalaroides arundinacea | (L.) Rauschert | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 79: 409 (1969) |
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. caesia | (Nees) Tzvelev | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 80 (1973) |
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. japonica | (Steud.) Tzvelev | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 80 (1973) |
Phalaroides arundinacea var. picta | (L.) Tzvelev | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 80 (1973) |
Phalaroides caesia | (Nees) Holub | Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 428 (1977) |
Phalaroides hispanica | (Coincy) Holub | Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 428 (1977) |
Phalaroides japonica | (Steud.) Czerep. | Sosud. Rast. SSSR : 371 (1981) |
Phalaroides rotgesii | (Hussnot) Holub | Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 428 (1977) |
Typhoides arundinacea | Moench | Methodus : 202 (1794) |
Typhoides arundinacea f. colorata | (G.M.Sch.) Soó | Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972) |
Typhoides arundinacea f. schwarzii | Soó | Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972) |
Typhoides arundinacea f. umbrosa | (Peterm.) Soó | Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972) |
Typhoides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii | (Husnot) Gamisans | Candollea 29: 44 (1974) |
Typhoides arundinacea var. japonica | (Steud.) Tzvelev | Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 32. 1968 |
Phalaroides picta | (L.) Prob. | Fl. Ross. Dal'nego Vostoka : 384 (2006) |
Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea | L. | Species Plantarum 2 1753 |
Typhoides arundinacea subsp. japonica | Tzvelev | |
Baldingera arundinacea f. colorata | G.M.Sch. | |
Typhoides arundinacea f. ramifera | (Junge) Soó | Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17(1-2): 123, without basionym page. 1972 [1971 publ. 1972] |
Phalaris arundinacea f. coarctata | (Prahl) Junge | Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3: 60 1905 |
Baldingera arundinacea var. picta | (L.) Peterm. | Fl. Lips. Excurs. 87. 1838 |
Phalaris rotgesii | (Husn.) Baldini | Webbia 47(1): 13. 1993 [Feb 1993] |
Baldingera arundinacea f. rotgesii | (Foucaud & Mandon ex Husn.) Foucaud & Mandon | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(7): 99 1900 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. rotgesii | (Foucaud & Mandon ex Husn.) Litard. ex Briq. | Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 71 1910 |
Endallex arundinacea | Raf. | in Ser. Bull. Bot. i. (1830) 220. |
Phalaridantha arundinacea var. variegata | (Parn.) Cariot | Étude Fl., ed. 8 [A. Cariot] ed. 8, 2: 900. 1889 |
Phalaris arundinacea var. latifolia | Henrard ex Jansen | Fl. Neerl. 243 1951 |
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. oehleri | (Pilg.) Valdés & H.Scholz | Willdenowia 36: 664 (2006) |
Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii | (Husn.) Valdés & H.Scholz | Willdenowia 36: 664 (2006) |
Phalaroides arundinacea var. kuzenevae | Tzvelev | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 43: 47 (2012) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!Language | Common/alternative name |
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English | reed-grass, reed-canary grass |
English | reed canarygrass |
English | reed canary-grass |
English | reed canary grass |
Spanish | hierba cinta |
Arabic | خرفار قصبي |
Arabic | فالاريس قصبي |
Belarusian | Чаротніца трыснёгападобная |
Bulgarian | разклонена тръстичина |
Catalan | baldingère |
Czech | chrastice rákosovitá |
Czech | lesknice rákosovitá |
Welsh | pefrwellt |
Danish | rørgræs |
German | rohr-glanzgras |
German | rohrglanzgras |
German | baldingère |
German | havelmielitz |
Esperanto | arunda falarido |
Estonian | päideroog |
Estonian | harilik paelrohi |
Persian | فلاریس آراندیناکئا |
Finnish | ruokohelpi |
Finnish | viiruhelpi |
French | alpiste faux-roseau |
French | baldingère faux-roseau |
French | baldingère |
French | alpiste faux roseau |
Upper Sorbian | wódna błysknica |
Icelandic | strandreyr |
Japanese | クサヨシ |
Korean | 갈풀 |
Lithuanian | baldingère |
Lithuanian | nendrinis dryžutis |
Latvian | miežabrāļi |
Latvian | parastais miežubrālis |
Latvian | parastais miežabrālis |
Norwegian Bokmål | strandrør |
Nepali | सेतो दूबो |
Dutch | rietgras |
pcd | baliyéte |
pcd | iérpe-du-monte |
pcd | iérpe-à-ruban |
Polish | mozga trzcinowata |
Portuguese | capim-amarelo |
Romanian | Stuf de Canare |
Russian | Канареечник тростниковидный |
Russian | Канареечник тростниковый |
Russian | Двукисточник тростниковый |
Russian | Двукисточник тростниковидный |
Swedish | rörflen |
Swedish | baldingère |
Turkish | yem kanyaşı |
Ukrainian | Очеретянка звичайна |
vep | Šuuk |
Chinese | 鹬草 |
Chinese | 鷸草 |
Chinese | 虉草 |
Chinese | 五色草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
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Macaronesia
- Azores
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Ethiopia
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Egypt
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Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Northern Provinces
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Rwanda
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Western Indian Ocean
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Inner Mongolia
- Manchuria
- Qinghai
- Xinjiang
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
- Nansei-shoto
- Taiwan
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Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Kirgizstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Uzbekistan
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Mongolia
- Mongolia
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Russian Far East
- Amur
- Kamchatka
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Magadan
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
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Siberia
- Altay
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
- Yakutskiya
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
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Caucasus
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Myanmar
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Jawa
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
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Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Føroyar
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
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Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
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Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
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Mexico
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Minnesota
- Missouri
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- Oklahoma
- South Dakota
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
- Montana
- Oregon
- Washington
- Wyoming
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Delaware
- District Of Columbia
- Kentucky
- Maryland
- North Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
- California
- Nevada
- Utah
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Subarctic America
- Alaska
- Northwest Territorie
- Yukon
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Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
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Eastern Canada
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil South
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Uruguay
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Western South America
- Colombia
- Peru
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!Database | ID/link to page |
---|---|
World Flora Online | wfo-0000889610 |
UNII | XI07X18NHW |
Canadensys | 7818 |
USDA Plants | PHAR3 |
Tropicos | 25509858 |
INPN | 112975 |
Flora of Italy | 8770 |
KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415571-1 |
The Plant List | kew-433393 |
Missouri Botanical Garden | 285212 |
Open Tree Of Life | 408214 |
NCBI Taxonomy | 96050 |
NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000002669 |
Nature Serve | 2.159238 |
IUCN Red List | 164064 |
IPNI | 415571-1 |
iNaturalist | 63337 |
GBIF | 5289756 |
Freebase | /m/035qqp |
WisFlora | 4470 |
FEIS | plants/graminoid/phaaru |
EPPO | TYPAR |
EOL | 1114732 |
Elurikkus | 6176 |
Calflora (Californian flora) | 6417 |
US Library of Congress | sh85112157 |
USDA GRIN | 27512 |
Wikipedia | Phalaris_arundinacea |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles | |||||
Gramine | 6890 | Click to see CN(C)CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21 | 174.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9641301 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(77)83045-8 |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines | |||||
2-Methyltryptoline | 121896 | Click to see CN1CCC2=C(C1)NC3=CC=CC=C23 | 186.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94432-7 |
6-Methoxy-2-methyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole | 5319717 | Click to see CN1CCC2=C(C1)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC | 216.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94432-7 |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives | |||||
5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine | 16184 | Click to see CNCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | 204.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9580002079 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89246-8 |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides | |||||
(2S,5S)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 44256715 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 449.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001399D |
3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 154496402 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 535.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001399D |
Kuromanin | 441667 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 449.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001399D |
Collections Top
In private collections | 0 |
In public collections | 0 |