Summary
Lolium perenne, commonly known as perennial ryegrass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. It is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit. It is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. It is also used to prevent erosion and to stabilise soils, as well as creating a hardwearing turf for lawns and golf courses. It is also used to overseed winter lawns and sports pitches, especially in temperate climates. It is similar to Italian ryegrass and couch, but can be distinguished by its spikelets set on the edge of the stem, and its stem which is folded lengthwise in bud.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Hordeum compressum	Boiss. & Orph. ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 681 (1884)
Lolium aechicum	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 35 (1853)
Lolium agreste	hort. ex Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 748 (1817)
Lolium annuum	Bernh.	Index Seminum (NKME, Erfordia) 1801: ? (1801)
Lolium brasilianum	Nees	Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 443 (1829)
Lolium canadense	Bernh. ex Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 27 (1853)
Lolium cechicum	Opiz	Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 1: 379 (1836)
Lolium compressum	Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 845 (1859)
Lolium cristatum	Pers.	Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 110. 1805 [1 Apr-15 Jun 1805]
Lolium felix	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 25 (1853)
Lolium glumosum	Planellas	Fl. Gallega : 409 (1852)
Lolium gmelinii	[Honck.]	Verz. Gew. Teutschl. : 328 (1782)
Lolium halleri	C.C.Gmel.	Fl. Bad. 1: 271 (1805)
Lolium jechelianum	Opiz	Lotos 2: 229 (1852)
Lolium latum	Roth ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. : 492 (1821)
Lolium marschallii	Steven	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(II): 103 (1857)
Lolium montevidense	Rouville	Monogr. Lolium 33. 1853 (1853)
Lolium perenne f. microstachyum	R.Uechtr.	Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 76: 334 1880
Lolium perenne var. aristulatum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 812. 1866
Lolium perenne var. brasilianum	(Nees) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 355 (1898)
Lolium perenne var. compressum	Sibth.	Fl. Oxon. 50. 1794
Lolium perenne var. cristatum	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 1: 110 (1805)
Lolium perenne var. ramosum	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. tenue	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. ed. 2. 211. 1825
Lolium pseudoitalicum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 812 (1866)
Lolium repens	[Honck.]	Verz. Gew. Teutschl. : 328 (1782)
Lolium rigidum var. compressum	(Boiss.) Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 680 1884
Lolium rosetlanum	Fig. & Delile ex Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 31 (1853)
Lolium strictum var. compressum	Boiss.	Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 4: 144. 1859
Lolium tenue	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 122 (1762)
Lolium trabutii	Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 123 (1904)
Lolium vulgare	Host	Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: t. 25 (1801)
Lolium perenne subsp. trabutii	(Hochr.) Dobignard	J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 113 (2009)
Festuca perennis	(L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.	Aliso 28: 66 (2010)
Lolium multiflorum subsp. ramosum	Guss. ex Arcang.	Comp. Fl. Ital. 799 1882
Lolium perenne var. perenne	L.	Synopsis Plantarum 1 1805
Lolium perenne var. marschallii	(Steven) Trautv.	Acta Horti Petrop. 1: 24 1871
Lolium perenne f. aristulatum	(Schur) Terrell	Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392: 9 1968
Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum	Guss.	1827
Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum	(C.Lawson) Wipff	J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 683 (2010)
Lolium perenne var. stoloniferum	C.Lawson	Agric. Man. : 104 (1836)
Lolium perenne var. monstrosum	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. stickneiensis	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. scabriculme	Maire	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 98 (1942)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	perennial ryegrass
English	perennial rye-grass
English	english ryegrass
Spanish	ballico inglés
Spanish	ballica
Spanish	ballico ingles
Spanish	raigrás perenne
Spanish	raigras perenne
Spanish	raigrás inglés
Spanish	raigras ingles
Spanish	raigrás
Spanish	raigras
Spanish	cesped ingles
Spanish	raigrás ingles
Spanish	cesped inglés
Arabic	حشيشة الفرس
Arabic	سمة
Arabic	نصيلة
Arabic	دنقة
Arabic	زوان
Arabic	زؤان
Arabic	زوان معمر
Belarusian	жыцік многагадовы
Belarusian	жывіца
Belarusian	англійскі райграс
Bulgarian	английски райграс
Catalan	margall perenne
Catalan	raigràs perenne
Catalan	margall anglès
Czech	anglický jílek
Czech	jílek vytrvalý
Welsh	rhygwellt parhaol
Danish	almindelig rajgræs
German	ausdauernder lolch
German	englisches raigras
German	ausdauerndes weidelgras
German	deutsches weidelgras
German	englisches raygras
German	dauer-lolch
Estonian	inglise raihein
Estonian	karjamaa-raihein
Basque	ingeles llollobelar
Persian	چچم پایدار
Finnish	englanninraiheinä
French	ray-grass anglais
French	ray grass anglais
French	ray-grass commun
Galician	ballico
Croatian	višegodišnji ljulj
Upper Sorbian	hładka motawa
Upper Sorbian	němska motawa
Hungarian	angolperje
Icelandic	vallarrýgresi
Icelandic	enskt rýgresi
Japanese	ホソムギ
Japanese	ペレニアルライグラス
Kabyle	aṛaṭiw izirdi
Lithuanian	daugiametė svidrė
Macedonian	обична пијанка
Macedonian	повеќегодишна пијанка
Macedonian	повеќегодишна ’ржена трева
Macedonian	обична ’ржена трева
Nepali	राई घाँस
Dutch	engelsch raaigras
Dutch	engels raaigras
oc	margalh
os	Бирæазон сысылы
Polish	Życica trwała
Polish	rajgras angielski
Romanian	zizanie
Russian	пастбищный рейграс
Russian	английский райграс
Russian	пастбищный райграс
Russian	плевел многолетний
Russian	рейграс пастбищный
Russian	райграс пастбищный
Russian	райграс многолетний
Russian	райграс английский
sco	windlestrae
Serbian	Обични љуљ
Serbian	обични љуљ
Serbian	Љуљ утринац
Serbian	Љуљ обични
Serbian	Љуљ енглески
Serbian	Љуљ
Serbian	Енглески љуљ
Swedish	renrepe
Swedish	engelskt rajjgräs
Swedish	engelskt rajgräs
Ukrainian	райграс пасовищний
Chinese	多年生黑麥草
Chinese	多年生黑麦草
Chinese	黑麦草
Chinese	黑麥草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Lolium perenne f. longiglume	(Grantzow) Junge	Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3, 30: 316 1913
Lolium perenne f. orgyiale	(Döll) Junge	Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3, 30: 316 1913
Lolium perenne f. paleaceum	(Döll) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926
Lolium perenne f. ramosum	(Schumach.) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926
Lolium perenne f. viviparum	(Gray) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
  - Selvagens
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Free State
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Mauritania
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Antarctica click to expand
- Subantarctic Islands
  - Amsterdam-St.Paul Islands
  - Crozet Islands
  - Falkland Islands
  - Kerguelen
  - Tristan Da Cunha

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Khabarovsk
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Malesia
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - Antipodean Islands
  - Chatham Islands
  - Kermadec Islands
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Føroyar
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - North Dakota
  - Oklahoma
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Easter Island
- Southwestern Pacific
  - New Caledonia

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil South
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Puerto Rico
- Central America
  - Costa Rica
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile South
  - Juan Fernández Islands
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000878441
UNII	7C82Y2EF9V
Florida Plant Atlas	1766
Canadensys	7756
USDA Plants	LOPE
Tropicos	25509743
INPN	106499
Flora of Italy	7381
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407493-1
The Plant List	kew-422848
Open Tree Of Life	135774
NCBI Taxonomy	4522
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002527
Nature Serve	2.160198
IPNI	407493-1
iNaturalist	52801
GBIF	2706241
Freebase	/m/0fgyvb
WisFlora	4108
EPPO	LOLPE
EOL	1114465
Elurikkus	5525
US Library of Congress	sh88022898
USDA GRIN	22494
Wikipedia	Lolium_perenne
CMAUP	NPO24216

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_019359855.2	Kyuss_2.0	Chromosome	Molecular Plant Breeding Group, ETH Zurich	2024-03-25	30.0x	2.11 Gb
GCF_019359855.1	MPB_Lper_Kyuss_1697	Chromosome	ETH Zurich	2021-07-28	27.8x	2.12 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A dataset for fine-grained seed recognition

Yuan M, Lv N, Dong Y, Hu X, Lu F, Zhan K, Shen J, Wu X, Zhu L, Xie Y

Sci Data

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998916
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03176-5
PMID:	38582756

Genome-wide association study for in vitro digestibility and related traits in triticale forage

De Zutter A, Piro MC, Maenhout S, Maurer HP, De Boever J, Muylle H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Haesaert G

BMC Plant Biol

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976741
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04927-7
PMID:	38539072

Immune system modulation & virus transmission during parasitism identified by multi-species transcriptomics of a declining insect biocontrol system

Inwood SN, Harrop TW, Shields MW, Goldson SL, Dearden PK

BMC Genomics

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10964624
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10215-3
PMID:	38532315

Evaluation of Two Species of Macroalgae from Azores Sea as Potential Reducers of Ruminal Methane Production: In Vitro Ruminal Assay

Nunes HP, Maduro Dias CS, Álvaro NV, Borba AE

Animals (Basel)

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967268
doi:	10.3390/ani14060967
PMID:	38540065

Cryoprotective Effects and Quality Maintenance of Antifreeze Proteins and Peptides on Aquatic Products: A Review

Fan X, Geng W, Li M, Wu Z, Ma Y, Li Z, Benjakul S, Zhao Q

Foods

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969820
doi:	10.3390/foods13060917
PMID:	38540907

Nutrient Uptake Potential of Nonleguminous Species and Its Interaction with Soil Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in the Agro-ecosystem

Solangi F, Zhu X, Cao W, Dai X, Solangi KA, Zhou G, Alwasel YA

ACS Omega

17-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10975627
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c08794
PMID:	38559976

Transcriptome-Based Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Photosynthesis Pathway and Hub Genes Involved in Promoting Tiller Growth under Repeated Drought–Rewatering Cycles in Perennial Ryegrass

Ding Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wang R, Chen J, Kong L, Li X, Yang Z, Zhuang L

Plants (Basel)

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976046
doi:	10.3390/plants13060854
PMID:	38592951

Exploring the complex pre-adaptations of invasive plants to anthropogenic disturbance: a call for integration of archaeobotanical approaches

Bellini G, Schrieber K, Kirleis W, Erfmeier A

Front Plant Sci

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10978757
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1307364
PMID:	38559769

How to successfully improve the biodiversity of city grasslands?

Mollashahi H, Szymura TH, Szymura M

Heliyon

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955310
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27810
PMID:	38515666

Effects of Different Mulching Practices on Soil Environment and Fruit Quality in Peach Orchards

Guo L, Liu S, Zhang P, Hakeem A, Song H, Yu M, Wang F

Plants (Basel)

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10975533
doi:	10.3390/plants13060827
PMID:	38592801

Chromosome‐scale genome assembly of Poa trivialis and population genomics reveal widespread gene flow in a cool‐season grass seed production system

Brunharo CA, Benson CW, Huff DR, Lasky JR

Plant Direct

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934236
doi:	10.1002/pld3.575
PMID:	38481436

Effect of biological sewage sludge and its derived biochar on accumulation of potentially toxic elements by corn (Zea mays L.)

Namdari M, Soleimani M, Mirghaffari N, Kharrazi SM

Sci Rep

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10933428
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-56652-8
PMID:	38472316

Using Machine Learning Methods Combined with Vegetation Indices and Growth Indicators to Predict Seed Yield of Bromus inermis

Ou C, Jia Z, Sun S, Liu J, Ma W, Wang J, Mi C, Mao P

Plants (Basel)

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974845
doi:	10.3390/plants13060773
PMID:	38592838

The soil microbiome of Lolium perenne L. depends on host genotype, is modified by nitrogen level and varies across season

Paina C, Fois M, Asp T, Jensen J, Hansen PB, Rohde PD

Sci Rep

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10923896
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-56353-2
PMID:	38459164

Green cleanup of styrene-contaminated soil by carbon-based nanoscale zero-valent iron and phytoremediation: Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), zinnia (Zinnia violacea Cav.), and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

Kambhu A, Satapanajaru T, Somsamak P, Pengthamkeerati P, Chokejaroenrat C, Muangkaew K, Nonthamit K

Heliyon

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10944241
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27499
PMID:	38496887

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids
Perlolyrine	160179	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=C(N2)C(=NC=C3)C4=CC=C(O4)CO	264.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001091
quassidine D	46184323	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1NC3=C2C(=CN=C3CCC(C4=NC=CC5=C4NC6=CC=CC=C56)OC)OC	466.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Benzyl Benzoate	2345	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2	212.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters / o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Benzyl salicylate	8363	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O	228.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Tetracosanol	10472	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	354.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
1-Tetradecanol	8209	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	214.39	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
Cetyl Alcohol	2682	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	242.44	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
Stearyl Alcohol	8221	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	270.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
Gibberellin A1	5280379	Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A20	5280481	Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A29	14605548	Click to see CC12CC(CC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A44	5460372	Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)COC2=O	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A8	5280607	Click to see CC12C3C(C45CC(=C)C(C4)(CCC5C3(CC(C1O)O)OC2=O)O)C(=O)O	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S,8R,9S,12S)-6,12-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid	162875519	Click to see CC12CC(CC(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O)O	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A19	5460209	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)C=O)C(=O)O	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A53	440914	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholesterol	5997	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	386.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 19-oxosteroids
10-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-26-oxo-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),18(30),19(27),28-tetraene-11-carbaldehyde	73063958	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7C6(CCC8C7(C(CC(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C=O)C)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	617.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Lolicine B	72734311	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7C6(CCC8C7(C(CC(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C=O)C)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	617.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(1R,8R)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (E)-3-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	163190243	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C=CC(=O)OCC3CCN4C3CCC4)O)O)O	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
[(1R,8R)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (Z)-3-[4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	163191089	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C=CC(=O)OCC3CCN4C3CCC4)O)O)O	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-ylmethyl 3-[4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	162884613	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C=CC(=O)OCC3CCN4C3CCC4)O)O)O	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Levan	440946	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(O1)(CO)OCC2C(C(C(O2)(CO)OCC3C(C(C(O3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1469-8137.1999.00324.X
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Loliolide	100332	Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C	196.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001091
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(1S,9R,13R,19S,22S,23S,25S,26R,28S,31R,33R,36R)-22-hydroxy-1,10,10,12,12,30,30,36-octamethyl-28-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-11,24,27,29,32-pentaoxa-3-azadecacyclo[17.17.0.02,17.04,16.07,15.09,13.022,36.023,25.023,33.026,31]hexatriaconta-2(17),4(16),5,7(15)-tetraen-8-one	134688638	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CCC4(C36C2O6)O)CC7=C5NC8=C7C9=C(C=C8)C(=O)C1C(C9)C(OC1(C)C)(C)C)C)C)C	685.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C39840000614
(2S,3R,6S,8R,12S,15S,21R,25R)-12-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),10,18(30),19(27),28-pentaene-9,26-dione	102063124	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C7=CC(=O)C(O8)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	601.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,13S,16S)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	91820553	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,16S,22S,26R)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	154496919	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,9R,12S,13S,16S,22R,26R)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	139587684	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
1,2,24,24-Tetramethyl-22-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-18,21,23,26-tetraoxa-4-azaoctacyclo[14.13.0.02,13.03,11.05,10.017,19.017,27.020,25]nonacosa-3(11),5,7,9-tetraene-15,16-diol	10007338	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CC(C4(C36C2O6)O)O)CC7=C5NC8=CC=CC=C78)C)C)C	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
10-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,11,22,22,24,24-heptamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),18(30),19(27),28-tetraen-26-one	73039549	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7C6(CCC8C7(C(CC(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	603.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
12-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),10,18(30),19(27),28-pentaene-9,26-dione	72471451	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C7=CC(=O)C(O8)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	601.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
2-(1,2,10-Trimethyl-6-oxa-23-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.016,24.017,22]tetracosa-16(24),17,19,21-tetraen-7-yl)propan-2-ol	14166138	Click to see CC12CCC(OC1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C)C)C(C)(C)O	421.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
4b-Hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-12b,12c-dimethyl-5,6,6a,7,12,12b,12c,13,14,14a-decahydro-2H-chromeno[5',6':6,7]indeno[1,2-b]indol-3(4bH)-one	4697	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1(CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C)O	435.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4
7-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxa-23-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.016,24.017,22]tetracosa-9,16(24),17,19,21-pentaen-8-one	14166132	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C	419.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
9,13-Dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	73070807	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
CID 3086140	3086140	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CCC4(C36C2O6)O)CC7=C5NC8=C7C9=C(C=C8)C(=O)C1C(C9)C(OC1(C)C)(C)C)C)C)C	685.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/C39840000614 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018
Dehydroxypaxilline	14166134	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C	419.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
Lolicine A	72734310	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7C6(CCC8C7(C(CC(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	603.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Lolitrem E	72734305	Click to see CC(=CCOC(C)(C)C1C(C2C3(O2)C(O1)CCC4(C3(CCC5C4(C6=C(C5)C7=C(N6)C=CC8=C7CC9C(C8=O)C(OC9(C)C)(C)C)C)O)C)O)C	687.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018
Lolitrem N	139584640	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Paspaline	115028	Click to see CC12CCC(OC1CCC3(C2CCC4C3(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C)C)C(C)(C)O	421.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
Paxilline	105008	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1(CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C)O	435.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4
Terpendole M	100964547	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CC(C4(C36C2O6)O)O)CC7=C5NC8=CC=CC=C78)C)C)C	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolopyrazines
Peramine	114748	Click to see CN1C(=CN2C=CC=C2C1=O)CCCN=C(N)N	247.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/C39860000935
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2'-Hydroxyflavone	161860	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2)O	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-Hydroxyflavone	68112	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3O2)O	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavone	10680	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Primetin	11055	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3O2)O)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,5-Dihydroxyflavone	5393151	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3O2)O)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Clitorin	11592917	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / Monohydroxyflavonoids
4'-Hydroxyflavone	229016	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Lolium perenne

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