Common products:
Seed of Lolium perenne is produced and marketed worldwide as cool-season turf and amenity grass for lawns, sports fields, golf-course roughs and fairways, parks, and general landscaping. Commercial products include certified cultivars and cultivars marketed as mixes with other cool-season grasses. Seed may be sold as coated or uncoated, and as straight cultivars or in named blends.

Industrial and craft applications:
In addition to living turf, sod grown from L. perenne is supplied for rapid establishment of vegetated surfaces on erosion-control sites, lawns, and sports fields, and in reclamation plantings.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
L. perenne is not a food crop and has no documented direct culinary uses.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use for dyes or tannins from L. perenne has been reported in the sources consulted.

Wood and fiber:
L. perenne is a herbaceous grass; timber and fiber applications are not relevant.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic applications.

Properties relevant to use:
Commercial cultivars are selected for traits such as shoot density, traffic tolerance, wear recovery, fine leaf texture, and shoot growth during cool temperatures; such features enable stable, visually uniform turf on sports and amenity surfaces. Seed quality traits evaluated in breeding programs include germination, purity, and dormancy.

Standards and regulation:
Seed is marketed under established seed certification and testing frameworks. National seed laws require truthful labeling of cultivar identity, germination percentage, purity, and inert matter, and restrict the presence of noxious weed seeds. In the United States, seed standards and labeling are governed by the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1551 et seq.) and administered by state seed control officials. The Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA) administers certification programs for turf grasses in North America; the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Seed Schemes provide international certification standards. For sod, regional standards (e.g., United States Golf Association USGAP recommendations) and local specifications set tolerances for species composition, visual quality, and other performance parameters.

Sustainability and sourcing:
L. perenne is a cool-season species widely adapted to temperate zones; it is established by seeding and, when managed with appropriate irrigation and fertilization, can produce durable turf with relatively low water and input requirements compared with warm-season alternatives in cool climates. Cultivars are developed and disseminated through public and private breeding programs, and seed is sourced from specialized growers across several temperate regions. Certified seed provides documented genetic identity and purity, supporting consistent turf performance and reducing the need for re-seeding.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Hordeum compressum	Boiss. & Orph. ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 681 (1884)
Lolium aechicum	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 35 (1853)
Lolium agreste	hort. ex Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 748 (1817)
Lolium annuum	Bernh.	Index Seminum (NKME, Erfordia) 1801: ? (1801)
Lolium brasilianum	Nees	Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 443 (1829)
Lolium canadense	Bernh. ex Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 27 (1853)
Lolium cechicum	Opiz	Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 1: 379 (1836)
Lolium compressum	Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 845 (1859)
Lolium cristatum	Pers.	Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 110. 1805 [1 Apr-15 Jun 1805]
Lolium felix	Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 25 (1853)
Lolium glumosum	Planellas	Fl. Gallega : 409 (1852)
Lolium gmelinii	[Honck.]	Verz. Gew. Teutschl. : 328 (1782)
Lolium halleri	C.C.Gmel.	Fl. Bad. 1: 271 (1805)
Lolium jechelianum	Opiz	Lotos 2: 229 (1852)
Lolium latum	Roth ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. : 492 (1821)
Lolium marschallii	Steven	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(II): 103 (1857)
Lolium montevidense	Rouville	Monogr. Lolium 33. 1853 (1853)
Lolium perenne f. microstachyum	R.Uechtr.	Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 76: 334 1880
Lolium perenne var. aristulatum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 812. 1866
Lolium perenne var. brasilianum	(Nees) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 355 (1898)
Lolium perenne var. compressum	Sibth.	Fl. Oxon. 50. 1794
Lolium perenne var. cristatum	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 1: 110 (1805)
Lolium perenne var. ramosum	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. tenue	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. ed. 2. 211. 1825
Lolium pseudoitalicum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 812 (1866)
Lolium repens	[Honck.]	Verz. Gew. Teutschl. : 328 (1782)
Lolium rigidum var. compressum	(Boiss.) Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 680 1884
Lolium rosetlanum	Fig. & Delile ex Rouv.	Monogr. Lolium : 31 (1853)
Lolium strictum var. compressum	Boiss.	Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 4: 144. 1859
Lolium tenue	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 122 (1762)
Lolium trabutii	Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 123 (1904)
Lolium vulgare	Host	Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: t. 25 (1801)
Lolium perenne subsp. trabutii	(Hochr.) Dobignard	J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 113 (2009)
Festuca perennis	(L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.	Aliso 28: 66 (2010)
Lolium multiflorum subsp. ramosum	Guss. ex Arcang.	Comp. Fl. Ital. 799 1882
Lolium perenne var. perenne	L.	Synopsis Plantarum 1 1805
Lolium perenne var. marschallii	(Steven) Trautv.	Acta Horti Petrop. 1: 24 1871
Lolium perenne f. aristulatum	(Schur) Terrell	Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392: 9 1968
Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum	Guss.	1827
Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum	(C.Lawson) Wipff	J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 683 (2010)
Lolium perenne var. stoloniferum	C.Lawson	Agric. Man. : 104 (1836)
Lolium perenne var. monstrosum	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. stickneiensis	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. scabriculme	Maire	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 98 (1942)
Lolium perenne var. vulgare	Schrad.	Fl. Germ. : 397 (1806)
Lolium perenne var. polyanthum	Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich : 112 (1890)
Lolium perenne var. humile	Gaudin	Fl. Helv. 1: 352 (1828)
Lolium perenne var. sphaerostachuym	Mast.	J. Bot. 1: 8 (1863)
Lolium perenne var. pacyi	Sturtev.	Rep. (Annual) New York Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva 1882: 77 (1993)
Lolium perenne var. purpurascens	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821 publ. 1822)
Lolium perenne var. russellianum	Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: ? (1824)
Lolium perenne var. furcatum	Godr.	Fl. France Corse 3(2): 612 (1856)
Lolium perenne var. spicatum	Schumach.	Enum. Pl. Saelle 1: 36 (1801)
Lolium perenne var. pauciflorum	Asch. & Graebn.	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 754 (1902)
Lolium perenne var. commune	Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 357 (1866)
Lolium perenne var. secundum	Tinant	Fl. Luxemb. : 41 (1836)
Lolium perenne var. pacyanum	Plues	Brit. Grass. : 215 (1867)
Lolium perenne var. spurium	Kirschl.	Fl. Alsace 2: 361 (1857)
Lolium perenne var. angustifolium	Parn.	Grass. Scotland 1(1): 142 (1842)
Lolium perenne var. auriculatum	Hack.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 124 (1877)
Lolium perenne var. geniculatum	Hallier	Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) , App. 1: 8 (1863)
Lolium perenne var. condensatum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 812 (1866)
Lolium perenne var. whitworthiense	G.Sinclair	Hort. Gram. Woburn. , ed. 2: 211 (1825)
Lolium perenne var. confertum	Spenn.	Fl. Friburg. 1: 157 (1825)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	perennial rye-grass
English	perennial ryegrass
English	english ryegrass
Spanish	ballica
Spanish	ballico ingles
Spanish	ballico inglés
Spanish	cesped ingles
Spanish	cesped inglés
Spanish	raigras
Spanish	raigrás
Spanish	raigras ingles
Spanish	raigrás ingles
Spanish	raigrás inglés
Spanish	raigras perenne
Spanish	raigrás perenne
Spanish	lolium canadense
Spanish	lolium latum
Spanish	lolium montevidense
Spanish	lolium tenue
Arabic	زوان معمر
Arabic	زؤان
Arabic	زوان
Arabic	دنقة
Arabic	نصيلة
Arabic	سمة
Arabic	حشيشة الفرس
Belarusian	англійскі райграс
Belarusian	жывіца
Belarusian	жыцік многагадовы
Bulgarian	английски райграс
Catalan	margall anglès
Catalan	raigràs perenne
Catalan	margall perenne
Czech	jílek vytrvalý
Czech	anglický jílek
Welsh	rhygwellt parhaol
Danish	almindelig rajgræs
German	ausdauernder lolch
German	englisches raigras
German	ausdauerndes weidelgras
German	dauer-lolch
German	englisches raygras
German	deutsches weidelgras
Estonian	inglise raihein
Estonian	karjamaa-raihein
Basque	ingeles llollobelar
Persian	چچم پایدار
Finnish	englanninraiheinä
French	ray-grass commun
French	ray grass anglais
French	ray-grass anglais
Galician	ballico
Croatian	višegodišnji ljulj
Upper Sorbian	němska motawa
Upper Sorbian	hładka motawa
Hungarian	angolperje
Icelandic	enskt rýgresi
Icelandic	vallarrýgresi
Japanese	ペレニアルライグラス
Japanese	ホソムギ
Kabyle	aṛaṭiw izirdi
Cornish	ivren
Lithuanian	daugiametė svidrė
Macedonian	обична ’ржена трева
Macedonian	повеќегодишна ’ржена трева
Macedonian	повеќегодишна пијанка
Macedonian	обична пијанка
Nepali	राई घाँस
Dutch	engels raaigras
Dutch	engelsch raaigras
oc	margalh
os	Бирæазон сысылы
Polish	rajgras angielski
Polish	Życica trwała
Romanian	zizanie
Russian	английский райграс
Russian	пастбищный райграс
Russian	пастбищный рейграс
Russian	райграс английский
Russian	райграс многолетний
Russian	райграс пастбищный
Russian	рейграс пастбищный
Russian	плевел многолетний
sco	windlestrae
se	eaŋgalsráisuoidni
se	eŋgalasráisuoidni
se	eŋgelasráisuoidni
se	eaŋgalasráisuoidni
Serbian	Енглески љуљ
Serbian	Љуљ
Serbian	Љуљ енглески
Serbian	Љуљ обични
Serbian	Љуљ утринац
Serbian	обични љуљ
Serbian	Обични љуљ
Swedish	engelskt rajjgräs
Swedish	renrepe
Swedish	engelskt rajgräs
Ukrainian	райграс пасовищний
Chinese	黑麥草
Chinese	黑麦草
Chinese	多年生黑麦草
Chinese	多年生黑麥草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Lolium perenne f. longiglume	(Grantzow) Junge	Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3, 30: 316 1913
Lolium perenne f. orgyiale	(Döll) Junge	Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 3, 30: 316 1913
Lolium perenne f. paleaceum	(Döll) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926
Lolium perenne f. ramosum	(Schumach.) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926
Lolium perenne f. viviparum	(Gray) Holmb.	Skand. Fl. 1: 244 1926

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
  - Selvagens
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Free State
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Mauritania
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Antarctica click to expand
- Subantarctic Islands
  - Amsterdam-St.Paul Islands
  - Crozet Islands
  - Falkland Islands
  - Kerguelen
  - Tristan Da Cunha

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Khabarovsk
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Malesia
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - Antipodean Islands
  - Chatham Islands
  - Kermadec Islands
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Føroyar
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - North Dakota
  - Oklahoma
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Easter Island
- Southwestern Pacific
  - New Caledonia

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil South
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Puerto Rico
- Central America
  - Costa Rica
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile South
  - Juan Fernández Islands
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000878441
UNII	7C82Y2EF9V
Florida Plant Atlas	1766
Canadensys	7756
USDA Plants	LOPE
Tropicos	25509743
INPN	106499
Flora of Italy	7381
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407493-1
The Plant List	kew-422848
Open Tree Of Life	135774
NCBI Taxonomy	4522
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002527
Nature Serve	2.160198
IPNI	407493-1
iNaturalist	52801
GBIF	2706241
Freebase	/m/0fgyvb
WisFlora	4108
EPPO	LOLPE
EOL	1114465
Elurikkus	5525
US Library of Congress	sh88022898
USDA GRIN	22494
Wikipedia	Lolium_perenne
CMAUP	NPO24216

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_019359855.2	Kyuss_2.0	Chromosome	Molecular Plant Breeding Group, ETH Zurich	2024-03-25	30	2.11 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Accumulation of Atmospheric PAHs in White Mustard – Can the Seeds Be Affected?

Hubai K, Kováts N, Eck-Varanka B, Tumurbaatar S, Teke G

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

11-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11088551
doi:	10.1007/s00128-024-03895-w
PMID:	38733550

Co-located ecological data for exploring top- and subsoil carbon dynamics across grassland-woodland contrasts

Reinsch S, Lebron I, Brentegani M, Brooks M, Busi SB, Cagnarini C, Cooper D, Day J, Emmett BA, Fitos E, Goodall T, Griffiths R, Jones B, Keenan P, Keith A, Lopes-Mazzetto JM, Mason KE, Pallett D, Pereira MG, Pinder A, Robinson DA, Smart SM, Thomas A, Benham S, Vanguelova E, Cosby BJ

Sci Data

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11081944
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03333-w
PMID:	38724554

Heavy metals immobilization and bioavailability in multi-metal contaminated soil under ryegrass cultivation as affected by ZnO and MnO2 nanoparticle-modified biochar

Ghandali MV, Safarzadeh S, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zeinali S

Sci Rep

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082237
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-61270-5
PMID:	38724636

Accession-specific parent-of-origin dependent and independent genome dosage effects on salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hallahan BF, Quiroz LF, Brychkova G, McKeown PC, Spillane C

R Soc Open Sci

08-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11076124
doi:	10.1098/rsos.231766
PMID:	38721127

Effects of experimental drought and plant diversity on multifunctionality of a model system for crop rotation

Grange G, Brophy C, Vishwakarma R, Finn JA

Sci Rep

04-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11069507
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-60233-0
PMID:	38704461

Development and validation of a health practitioner survey on ocular allergy

Mikhail E, Mohebbi M, Gokhale M, Azizoglu S, Suphioglu C

Sci Rep

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11061311
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-60837-6
PMID:	38689009

MicroRNA164 Affects Plant Responses to UV Radiation in Perennial Ryegrass

Xu C, Huang X, Ma N, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang X, Li D, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang K

Plants (Basel)

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085334
doi:	10.3390/plants13091242
PMID:	38732457

Mother's smoking habits affects IL10 methylation but not asthma in Ecuadorian children

Ochoa‐Avilés C, Ochoa‐Avilés A, Rivas‐Párraga R, Escandón S, Santos‐Jesus TD, Silva MD, Leão V, Salinas M, Vicuña Y, Baldeón L, Molina‐Cando MJ, Morillo D, Machuca M, Rodas C, Figueiredo C, Neira VA

Mol Genet Genomic Med

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11046467
doi:	10.1002/mgg3.2438
PMID:	38666495

Impacts of Soil Properties on Species Diversity and Structure in Alternanthera philoxeroides-Invaded and Native Plant Communities

Wu H, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xu M, Rao B

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085794
doi:	10.3390/plants13091196
PMID:	38732411

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Fan L, Niu Z, Shi G, Song Z, Yang Q, Zhou S, Wang L

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085594
doi:	10.3390/plants13091191
PMID:	38732405

Alterations of Photosynthetic and Oxidative Processes Influenced by the Presence of Different Zinc and Cadmium Concentrations in Maize Seedlings: Transition from Essential to Toxic Functions

Jócsák I, Csima F, Somfalvi-Tóth K

Plants (Basel)

20-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055138
doi:	10.3390/plants13081150
PMID:	38674559

Distribution and Mechanism of Japanese Brome (Bromus japonicus) Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in China

Bai L, Li X, Guo X, Chen J, Yu H, Cui H

Plants (Basel)

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054565
doi:	10.3390/plants13081139
PMID:	38674548

Ecotoxicological assessment of cigarette butts on morphology and photosynthetic potential of Azolla pinnata

Shah G, Bhatt U, Singh H, Kumar D, Sharma J, Strasser RJ, Soni V

BMC Plant Biol

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11061998
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04991-z
PMID:	38637728

Long-Term Application of Biochar Mitigates Negative Plant–Soil Feedback by Shaping Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fungal Pathogens

Idbella M, Baronti S, Vaccari FP, Abd-ElGawad AM, Bonanomi G

Microorganisms

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11052468
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms12040810
PMID:	38674754

Polyphenols and Health Benefits: Volume I

Trujillo J, Ramírez V

Foods

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11048924
doi:	10.3390/foods13081221
PMID:	38672893

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids
Perlolyrine	160179	Click to see	264.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001091
quassidine D	46184323	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1NC3=C2C(=CN=C3CCC(C4=NC=CC5=C4NC6=CC=CC=C56)OC)OC	466.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Benzyl Benzoate	2345	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2	212.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters / o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Benzyl Salicylate	8363	Click to see	228.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Tetracosanol	10472	Click to see	354.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
1-Tetradecanol	8209	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	214.39	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
Cetyl Alcohol	2682	Click to see	242.44	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
Stearyl Alcohol	8221	Click to see	270.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
Gibberellin A1	5280379	Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A20	5280481	Click to see	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A29	14605548	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A44	5460372	Click to see	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A8	5280607	Click to see	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S,8R,9S,12S)-6,12-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid	162875519	Click to see	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A19	5460209	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)C=O)C(=O)O	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
Gibberellin A53	440914	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1399-3054.2001.1110214.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholesterol	5997	Click to see	386.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85967-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 19-oxosteroids
10-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-26-oxo-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),18(30),19(27),28-tetraene-11-carbaldehyde	73063958	Click to see	617.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Lolicine B	72734311	Click to see	617.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(1R,8R)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (E)-3-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	163190243	Click to see	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
[(1R,8R)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (Z)-3-[4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	163191089	Click to see	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-ylmethyl 3-[4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoate	162884613	Click to see	433.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311397/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Polyfructose	440946	Click to see	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1469-8137.1999.00324.X
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Loliolide	100332	Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C	196.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001091
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(1S,9R,13R,19S,22S,23S,25S,26R,28S,31R,33R,36R)-22-hydroxy-1,10,10,12,12,30,30,36-octamethyl-28-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-11,24,27,29,32-pentaoxa-3-azadecacyclo[17.17.0.02,17.04,16.07,15.09,13.022,36.023,25.023,33.026,31]hexatriaconta-2(17),4(16),5,7(15)-tetraen-8-one	134688638	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CCC4(C36C2O6)O)CC7=C5NC8=C7C9=C(C=C8)C(=O)C1C(C9)C(OC1(C)C)(C)C)C)C)C	685.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C39840000614
(2S,3R,6S,8R,12S,15S,21R,25R)-12-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),10,18(30),19(27),28-pentaene-9,26-dione	102063124	Click to see	601.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,13S,16S)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	91820553	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7(C6(CCC8C79C(O9)C(C(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)O)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,16S,22S,26R)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	154496919	Click to see	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,3R,6S,8S,9R,12S,13S,16S,22R,26R)-9,13-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	139587684	Click to see	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
(2S,4aS,4bR,6aS,12bS,12cS,14aS)-3,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,12,12b,12c,13,14,14a-Tetradecahydro-alpha,alpha,4a,12b,12c-pentamethyl-2H-1-benzopyrano(5',6':6,7)indeno(1,2-b)indole-2-methanol	115028	Click to see	421.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
1,2,24,24-Tetramethyl-22-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-18,21,23,26-tetraoxa-4-azaoctacyclo[14.13.0.02,13.03,11.05,10.017,19.017,27.020,25]nonacosa-3(11),5,7,9-tetraene-15,16-diol	10007338	Click to see	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
10-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,11,22,22,24,24-heptamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),18(30),19(27),28-tetraen-26-one	73039549	Click to see CC1(C2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3C5=C(N4)C6(C(C5)CCC7C6(CCC8C7(C(CC(O8)C(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)C2C(O1)(C)C)C	603.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
12-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,22,22,24,24-hexamethyl-7,23-dioxa-31-azaoctacyclo[15.14.0.02,15.03,12.06,11.018,30.019,27.021,25]hentriaconta-1(17),10,18(30),19(27),28-pentaene-9,26-dione	72471451	Click to see	601.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
2-(1,2,10-Trimethyl-6-oxa-23-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.016,24.017,22]tetracosa-16(24),17,19,21-tetraen-7-yl)propan-2-ol	14166138	Click to see	421.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
7-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxa-23-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.016,24.017,22]tetracosa-9,16(24),17,19,21-pentaen-8-one	14166132	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C	419.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
9,13-Dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3,23,23,25,25-hexamethyl-7,11,24-trioxa-32-azanonacyclo[16.14.0.02,16.03,13.06,12.010,12.019,31.020,28.022,26]dotriaconta-1(18),19(31),20(28),29-tetraen-27-one	73070807	Click to see	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
CID 3086140	3086140	Click to see CC(=CC1OC2C(C(O1)(C)C)OC3CCC4(C5(C(CCC4(C36C2O6)O)CC7=C5NC8=C7C9=C(C=C8)C(=O)C1C(C9)C(OC1(C)C)(C)C)C)C)C	685.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/C39840000614 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018
Dehydroxypaxilline	14166134	Click to see	419.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
Lolicine A	72734310	Click to see	603.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Lolitrem E	72734305	Click to see	687.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00043A018
Lolitrem N	139584640	Click to see	619.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9706787
Paxillin	4697	Click to see	435.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4
Paxilline	105008	Click to see CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C(O3)C(C)(C)O)C1(CCC4C2(C5=C(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)C)O	435.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82327-4
Terpendole M	100964547	Click to see	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF980767Z
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolopyrazines
Peramine	114748	Click to see	247.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/C39860000935
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2'-Hydroxyflavone	161860	Click to see	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-Hydroxyflavone	68112	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3O2)O	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavone	10680	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Primetin	11055	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3O2)O)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,5-Dihydroxyflavone	5393151	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3O2)O)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Clitorin	11592917	Click to see	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / Monohydroxyflavonoids
4'-Hydroxyflavone	229016	Click to see	238.24	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Lolium perenne

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