Aristolochia manshuriensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400a9f51707707288140 |
| Scientific name | Aristolochia manshuriensis |
| Authority | Kom. |
| First published in | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 112 (1904) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Historically, people in Northeast Asia used this climber as a medicinal plant, but only in carefully controlled preparations and never as a routine tea or food. In traditional Chinese medicine (Bensky et al., 2004; WHO, 1999), the stems and roots of Aristolochia manshuriensis were taken as a decoction for “damp-heat” in the lower burner, to promote urination and ease sore-throat inflammation; practitioners matched dose and form to the patient’s diagnosis. Folk healers in Korea and China also applied poultices of the boiled plant parts to painful, swollen joints (Jung et al., 2016; McGaw et al., 2005), and short macerations of the stems were used externally for cuts, bites, and bruises. In Vietnam, village practitioners sometimes cooked a weak decoction of the stems for cold/flu aches, keeping the dose low and the course short (WHO, 1999; Bennett et al., 2021). In none of these settings was the herb used as a daily beverage; the intent was therapeutic, not culinary.
Practitioners of classical East Asian medicine approached Aristolochia with rigor: in the past, physicians in Taiwan sometimes substituted the stem for Aristolochia fangchi to meet official pharmacopeial criteria, but only when strict dosing was possible (WHO, 1999). Preparation techniques were meant to balance efficacy and safety. A standard decoction would use dried stems and roots—several grams in a small pot of water—brought to a gentle boil, then simmered for 30–45 minutes; the liquid was strained and divided into one or two small doses (Bensky et al., 2004). If a maceration was preferred for a poultice, the same plant material was first simmered for a short time, the warm liquid was diluted and cooled, and a clean cloth was soaked and applied to the affected area for a few minutes at a time. Even then, healers emphasized that exposure must be brief and the mixture be used for a limited number of sessions.
Safety considerations dominate all modern guidance. Aristolochia manshuriensis, like other Aristolochia species, contains aristolochic acids, which are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic in humans (Bennett et al., 2021). Numerous health agencies—including the U.S. FDA, the EU, Health Canada, the UK MHRA, and the Australian TGA—have warned that products containing these acids, including any formula mistakenly labeled “mu tong,” should not be used internally (WHO, 1999). Pregnancy and nursing are contraindicated, and use by anyone with kidney or liver conditions is forbidden. Misidentification with Aristolochia fangchi has led to documented renal failure and Balkan endemic nephropathy in unrelated contexts, underscoring the seriousness of these risks (Bennett et al., 2021; McGaw et al., 2005). In clinical practice today, safer diuretics and anti-inflammatory herbs are preferred, and A. manshuriensis is largely withdrawn from official dispensaries.
In contemporary research and commerce, the plant is largely a cautionary case study rather than a therapeutic agent. Government alerts continue to flag inadvertent contamination of botanical products with aristolochic acids (Bennett et al., 2021). While ethnobotanical records document past preparations, the modern consensus is to avoid internal use and substitute evidence-based treatments. As a result, this taxon is seldom if ever offered to consumers by reputable herb retailers, and many pharmacopoeias have reclassified or removed it.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Hocquartia manshuriensis | (Kom.) Nakai | Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 27 (1936) |
| Isotrema manshuriensis | (Kom.) H.Huber | Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 1960 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian | манджурска вълча ябълка |
| Czech | podražec mandžuský |
| Korean | 등칡 |
| Lithuanian | mandžiūrinė kartuolė |
| Polish | kokornak mandżurski |
| Russian | кирказон маньчжурский |
| Russian | кирказон манчжурский |
| Chinese | 关木通 |
| Chinese | 木通馬兜铃 |
| Chinese | 东北马兜铃 |
| Chinese | 八月札 |
| Chinese | 木通根 |
| Chinese | 马木通 |
| Chinese | 恺木香 |
| Chinese | 东北木通 |
| Chinese | 木通马兜铃*(东北马兜铃、关木通） |
| Chinese | 木通马兜铃 |
| Chinese | 木通 |
| Chinese | 万年藤 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Korea
-
Russian Far East
- Primorye
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000548038 |
| UNII | JT0WP9ML3G |
| Tropicos | 2500345 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:93111-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2651629 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 241860 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 656376 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 158555 |
| IPNI | 93111-1 |
| iNaturalist | 501104 |
| GBIF | 3588911 |
| Freebase | /m/0nbh990 |
| EPPO | ARPMA |
| USDA GRIN | 4100 |
| CMAUP | NPO18443 |
| Plantarium | 3716 |
| EOL | 52562609 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| (+)-Magnoflorine | 73337 | Click to see | 342.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Demethylsonodione | 162843626 | Click to see | 339.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Magnoflorine iodide, (+)-(RG) | 131664584 | Click to see | 469.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aristolactams | |||||
| 14-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[9.7.1.02,6.08,19.013,18]nonadeca-1(18),2(6),7,11(19),12,14,16-heptaen-9-one | 46232738 | Click to see | 441.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2010.01.018 |
| Aristolactam | 96710 | Click to see | 293.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.1310 |
| Aristolactam Aii | 148657 | Click to see | 265.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Aristolactam Aiiia | 10356352 | Click to see | 281.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2010.01.018 |
| Aristolactam Ii | 148745 | Click to see | 263.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.1310 |
| Cepharanone B | 162739 | Click to see | 279.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.1310 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Methyl Vanillate | 19844 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
| 2H-Naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6,7-dione, 3-hydroxy-2,2,5,8-tetramethyl- | 621021 | Click to see CC1=CC(=C2C3=C1C(=O)C(=O)C(=C3OC2(C)C)C)O | 258.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(8-Methoxy-6-nitronaphtho[2,1-g][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl)acetic acid | 5316406 | Click to see | 355.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50024A001 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8819-1_17 |
| 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid | 11780432 | Click to see | 266.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Aristolamide | 53320351 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC3=C2C4=C(C=C3C(=O)N)OCO4 | 295.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolamide Ii | 51346765 | Click to see | 265.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Aristolate | 160246 | Click to see | 310.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl naphtho[2,1-g][1,3]benzodioxole-5-carboxylate | 85779428 | Click to see | 280.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Naphtho(2,1-g)(1,3)benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid, 8,10-dimethoxy-, methyl ester | 182432 | Click to see | 340.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Aristolochic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Aristolochic acid | 2236 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C21)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)O | 341.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00123-8 |
| Aristolochic acid C | 165274 | Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=CC(=C3C(=C2)C(=O)O)[N+](=O)[O-])O | 327.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic acid I methyl ester | 96709 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C21)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)OC | 355.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic Acid Ii | 108168 | Click to see | 311.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00123-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| Aristolochic Acid Iv | 167493 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C2C(=C1)OC)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)O | 371.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50024A001 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8819-1_17 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| Aristolochic acid IV methyl ester | 176931 | Click to see | 385.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| Aristolochic acid-D | 161218 | Click to see | 357.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 3,4-dimethoxy-10-nitrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate | 5320068 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)C(=O)OC)C(=CC3=CC=CC=C32)[N+](=O)[O-])OC | 341.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 6-nitronaphtho[2,1-g][1,3]benzodioxole-5-carboxylate | 85790593 | Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C3=C1C(=CC4=CC=CC=C43)[N+](=O)[O-])OCO2 | 325.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Phenanthrols | |||||
| 9-Methoxyaristolactam I | 14804089 | Click to see | 323.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Feruloyltyramine | 5280537 | Click to see | 313.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoalkylglycerols | |||||
| 3-Octacosoxypropane-1,2-diol | 139785015 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(CO)O | 484.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Bicyclogermacrane and isolepidozane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (2E,6Z)-7,11,11-trimethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene-3-carbaldehyde | 129685966 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81852-X |
| Isobicyclogermacral | 13818876 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 10416408 | Click to see | 618.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,9R,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 53487826 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cauloside A | 441928 | Click to see | 604.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hederagenin | 73299 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc112866 | 49867939 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids / Androgens and derivatives | |||||
| 16-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 53399246 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-Ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 12314479 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| 6-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one | 71307329 | Click to see | 428.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| Npc196776 | 50930798 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Alpha-keto acids and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(4-Methoxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid | 29927927 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| Aristomanoside | 11028762 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 667.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides | |||||
| (4Z,8Z,11S)-5,9-dimethyl-12-oxabicyclo[9.2.1]tetradeca-1(14),4,8-trien-13-one | 101032442 | Click to see | 232.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80062-L |
| Manshurolide | 14527198 | Click to see CC1=CCCC2=CC(CC(=CCC1)C)OC2=O | 232.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80062-L |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Pyridinones | |||||
| Aristopyridinone A | 53322330 | Click to see | 245.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| N-trans-feruloylmethoxytyramine | 5352115 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O | 343.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| cis-N-p-coumaroyltyramine | 13939145 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O | 283.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Paprazine | 5372945 | Click to see | 283.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| 4-Coumaric acid | 322 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9794-7 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| Aristoloside | 128576 | Click to see | 519.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8819-1_17 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50024A001 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0301238 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |