Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440041f3f16a504440750
Scientific name Sida acuta
Authority Burm.f.
First published in Flora Indica 1768

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Garifuna and Creole peoples of the Guianas, a mild leaf infusion is taken to calm diarrhea and vomiting, while a leaf-and-stem compress is used externally to “cool” fevers (Scholz and Van Andel, 1993). Across West Africa, a root decoction is prepared for general pains, rheumatism, and febrile conditions, while a leaf-and-stem infusion is taken to treat fevers (Neuwinger, 1994). In the Philippines, people commonly use a hot leaf infusion for fever and headache and apply a fresh crushed-leaf poultice to sores and wounds (Kang and Conran, 2018). A practical way to prepare a mild tea is to pour 250 mL of just-boiled water over 5–8 g of air-dried leaves, cover, and steep 10–15 minutes; cool to drinking temperature and sip 1–2 cups daily. For topical use, bruise 10–15 g of fresh leaves, spread on sterile gauze, and lay against the skin for 20–30 minutes. Safety: this plant contains alkaloids with sympathomimetic activity and ephedrine-type constituents; avoid if you have hypertension, heart disease, thyroid disease, or are pregnant or nursing, and do not exceed traditional amounts. The leaf decoction is prepared by simmering 1–2 g of dried leaves in 250 mL water for 10–15 minutes, straining, and drinking up to twice daily; caution applies as above.

Key constituents are well documented for this species and plausibly underpin traditional effects. Leaves contain ecdysteroids (e.g., polypodines B and 6-deoxypolypodines B), flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, and antimicrobial alkaloids; roots yield vasicine and ephedrine-type alkaloids that support antispasmodic and bronchoactive activities (Neuwinger, 1994; Basu and Ghosal, 1975; Ghosal et al., 1971). These compounds have been shown experimentally to have antispasmodic, bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions that match traditional antidiarrheal, febrifuge, and wound-care applications (Kang and Conran, 2018).

Modern relevance remains active: Sida acuta continues to be collected locally in West Africa and the Guianas, and it is under renewed pharmacological and phytochemical study, especially for ecdysteroid and alkaloid profiles and antimicrobial testing (Scholz and Van Andel, 1993; Kang and Conran, 2018).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fiber cordage from the stem bast; small-scale pulp for handmade paper.

Industrial and craft applications:
Stem fibers can be mechanically separated and twisted into twine or rope for general purpose cordage. The plant is processed for short-fiber pulp in small-scale or experimental papermaking and pulping trials; typical short-fiber properties (relatively high lignin, moderate cellulose content) make it suitable for low-strength grades.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Occasional use as fodder for ruminants (livestock/pasture) as fresh forage or hay.

Colorants and tanning:
No specific, verifiable colorants or tanning uses reported in reliable references.

Wood and fiber:
Not a timber species; stems provide bast fiber used for cordage.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses in established sources.

Properties relevant to use:
Cordage suitability is supported by bast fiber strength and flexibility typical of short, herbaceous bast fibers. Pulping studies note relatively high lignin content and short fiber length, which are consistent with pulp suited for low-grade paper and fiberboard rather than high-strength tissues.

Standards and regulation:
No specific industry standards or regulatory frameworks identified for this species in the listed use classes.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Widely naturalized and often considered a weed; rapid regrowth and drought tolerance make it potentially renewable and locally harvestable. Minor risk of spread via seed; localized cultivation may be preferable for sustained, low-impact supply.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Sida arrudiana Monteiro Monogr. Malvac. Bras. 1: 36 (1936)
Sida berlandieri Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 197 (1858)
Sida disticha Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mexic., ed. 2 155. 1894
Sida foliosa Splitg. ex de Vriese Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 340 (1848)
Sida garckeana Pol. Linnaea 40: 551 (1877)
Sida frutescens Cav. Diss. 1: 12 (1785)
Sida capensis Cav. Diss. 1: t. 12, f. 3 (1785)
Sida carpinifolia L.f. Suppl. Pl. 307. 1782 [1781 publ. Apr 1782]
Sida bradei Ulbr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 42 (1924)
Sida brasila Schrank ex Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203 (1822)
Sida spireifolia Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. , Suppl.: 49 (1814)
Sida rugosa Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 304 (1827)
Sida schrankii DC. Prodr. 1: 472 (1824)
Sida repanda Roth Nov. Pl. Sp. : 328 (1821)
Sida lancea Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630 (1924)
Sida acuta var. carpinifolia K.Schum. Fl. Bras. (Martius) 12(3): 326. 1891 [15 Jul 1891]
Sida carpinifolia f. acuta (Burm.f.) Millsp. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71 1900
Sida carpinifolia var. acuta (Burm.f.) Kurz J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 119 (1876)
Sida commixta Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida crassa Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida grandior Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida malifolia Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida martinicensis Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida parens Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida versatilis Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida zelotes Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida acuta subsp. carpinifolia (L.f.) Borss.Waalk. Blume 14: 188 1966
Sida acuta var. acuta Burm.f. Fl. Ind. 147. 1768.
Sida acuta var. madagascariensis Hochr. Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 73 1916
Malvastrum carpinifolium A.Gray Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 4(1): 22. 1849 [10 Feb 1849] ; Pl. Fendler.
Sida scoparia Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 414 (1790)
Sida stauntoniana DC. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 460. 1824 [mid Jan 1824]
Sida acuta var. intermedia S.Y.Hu Fl. China Family 153: 19 1955
Sida lanceolata Retz. Observ. Bot. 4: 38 (1786)
Sida vogelii Hook. Niger Fl. : 231 (1849)
Malvinda carpinifolia (L.f.) Moench Methodus 619 1794
Sida spiraeifolia Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203. 1822 [Jan-Jun 1822]
Sida carpinifolia f. spiraeifolia (Link) Millsp. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(1): 72 1900
Sida bodinieri Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924)
Sida chanetii Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 627 (1924)
Sida betulina Lag. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 111. 1826 [Jan-Mar 1826]
Sida martiusiana Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71(5-6): 632. 1924 [18 Sep 1924]
Sida carpinifolia var. antillana Millsp. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71. 1900
Sida carpinifolia var. spiraeifolia Millsp. Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 72. 1900
Sida stauntaniana DC.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English common wireweed
English broom weed
English common wire weed
English morning mallow
Bambara cɛganafuralan
Bengali বেড়েলা
dag sambani kaanigu
dag bulasani
Ewe tchakatchaka
French herbe dure
Malayalam മലങ്കുറുന്തോട്ടി
Tamil காயப்பூண்டு
Tamil அரிவாள் மூக்குப் பச்சிலை
Tamil அரிவாள் மணைப்பூண்டு
Tamil அரிவாள்மனை பூண்டு
Thai หญ้าขัดใบยาว
Chinese 细叶金午时花
Chinese 扫把麻
Chinese 亚罕闷
Chinese 黄花棯
Chinese 黄花捻
Chinese 細葉金午時花
Chinese 黄花稔

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands
      • Cape Verde
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Socotra
      • Somalia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Egypt
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Aldabra
      • Chagos Archipelago
      • Comoros
      • Mauritius
      • Rodrigues
      • Réunion
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Ogasawara-Shoto
      • Taiwan
    • Western Asia
      • Palestine
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Maldives
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • South China Sea
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
    • Papuasia
      • Solomon Islands
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
  • Pacific
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands
      • Marianas
      • Marshall Islands
    • South-central Pacific
      • Cook Islands
      • Marquesas
      • Society Islands
      • Tuamotu
      • Tubuai Islands
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • Nauru
      • New Caledonia
      • Niue
      • Samoa
      • Tonga
      • Vanuatu
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
      • Brazil West-central
    • Caribbean
      • Aruba
      • Bahamas
      • Bermuda
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Netherlands Antilles
      • Puerto Rico
      • Southwest Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Turks-caicos Islands
      • Venezuelan Antilles
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Central American Pacific
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname
      • Venezuela
    • Western South America
      • Galápagos
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000496936
USDA Plants SIAC3
Tropicos 19601067
INPN 445766
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:235518-2
The Plant List kew-2588280
Open Tree Of Life 515749
Observations.org 198866
NCBI Taxonomy 108357
Nature Serve 2.133569
IPNI 235518-2
iNaturalist 168922
GBIF 3933670
Freebase /m/05q6mvs
EPPO SIDAC
Elurikkus 442469
USDA GRIN 33885
Wikipedia Sida_acuta

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
CTAB Protocol for Obtaining High-Quality Total RNA from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Other Related Plants of the Family Malvaceae Kaushik N, Noorani MS, Shukla K, Mirza MA, Dhir S, Alotaibi AS, Siddiqui ZH ACS Omega 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11080010
doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c00877
PMID:38737072
Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean Tennant P, Rampersad S, Alleyne A, Johnson L, Tai D, Amarakoon I, Roye M, Pitter P, Chang PG, Myers Morgan L Viruses 13-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053604
doi:10.3390/v16040603
PMID:38675944
From Flora to Pharmaceuticals: 100 new additions to angiosperms of Gafargaon subdistrict in Bangladesh and unraveling antidiabetic drug candidates targeting DPP4 through in silico approach Ahmed SS, Rahman MO PLoS One 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10980240
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301348
PMID:38551991
A metagenomic investigation of phytoplasma diversity in Australian vegetable growing regions Rodrigues Jardim B, Gambley C, Tran-Nguyen LT, Webster C, Kehoe M, Kinoti WM, Bond S, Davis R, Jones L, Pathania N, Sharman M, Chapman T, Rodoni BC, Constable FE Microb Genom 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10999746
doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001213
PMID:38446015
Myoglobin Cast Nephropathy Diagnosed on Renal Biopsy in a Patient Treated for Malarial Infection Varadarajan R, Patel A, Salah H, Sutaria N, Barrios R, Truong L, Gaber L, El-Zaatari ZM Case Rep Nephrol 12-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10876304
doi:10.1155/2024/6764335
PMID:38375068
Removal of textile pollutants from aqueous medium using biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles: Theoretical comparative investigation via analytical model Atri A, Dhaouadi F, Mechi N, Sellaoui L, Echabaane M, Ben Chaabane R, Erto A, Badawi M, Ben Lamine A Heliyon 10-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10915514
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26285
PMID:38449640
Antibacterial properties and urease suppression ability of Lactobacillus inhibit the development of infectious urinary stones caused by Proteus mirabilis Szczerbiec D, Bednarska-Szczepaniak K, Torzewska A Sci Rep 10-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10781950
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51323-0
PMID:38200115
Antimalarial Properties of Sida cordifolia L. Leaf Extract in Mice: Survivability Depends Less on Parasitaemia Suppression Ansong S, Nkrumah D, Nketia RI, Bekoe SO, Brobbey AA, Asante-Kwatia E, Komlaga G Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 23-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10757657
doi:10.1155/2023/5560711
PMID:38161788
Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of plants used to treat musculoskeletal disorders among Skaw Karen, Thailand Kantasrila R, Pandith H, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Panyadee P, Inta A Pharm Biol 22-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10763916
doi:10.1080/13880209.2023.2292261
PMID:38131672
Ethnopharmacological Survey, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea in Southeastern Gabon Yala JF, Mabika Mabika R, Ikabanga DU, Mounioko F, Mokouapamba PR, Lepengue AN, Souza A Plants (Basel) 20-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10610036
doi:10.3390/plants12203629
PMID:37896092
Tanning Wastewater Sterilization in the Dark and Sunlight Using Psidium guajava Leaf-Derived Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Characteristics Lakshmaiya N, Surakasi R, Nadh VS, Srinivas C, Kaliappan S, Ganesan V, Paramasivam P, Dhanasekaran S ACS Omega 09-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10600883
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05588
PMID:37901496
Physicochemical Pretreatment of Vietnamosasa pusilla for Bioethanol and Xylitol Production Wongleang S, Premjet D, Premjet S Polymers (Basel) 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10575274
doi:10.3390/polym15193990
PMID:37836039
Vascular Plant Species Inventory of Mexico’s Revillagigedo National Park: Awareness of Alien Invaders as a Sine Qua Non Prerequisite for Island Conservation Domínguez-Meneses A, Martínez-Gómez JE, Mejía-Saulés T, Acosta-Rosado I, Stadler S Plants (Basel) 30-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10575041
doi:10.3390/plants12193455
PMID:37836194
Indigenous medicinal plants used in folk medicine for malaria treatment in Kwara State, Nigeria: an ethnobotanical study Evbuomwan IO, Stephen Adeyemi O, Oluba OM BMC Complement Med Ther 16-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10504731
doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04131-4
PMID:37716985
Evaluation of extracts from Sida acuta, Phyllanthus amarus, Parkia biglobosa and their herbal ointment for therapeutic and biological activities Donkor AM, Ahenkorah B, Wallah TA, Yakubu A Heliyon 19-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10481288
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19316
PMID:37681151

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Feruloyltyramine 5280537 Click to see 313.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones
4-Ketopinoresinol 44578390 Click to see 372.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Eicosanoids / Prostaglandins and related compounds
methyl 2-[(1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6E,9R,10R,12R,14R,15S,16S,17R,18S,19S)-2,3,16-triacetyloxy-4-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-19-(acetyloxymethyl)-15-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropylidene)-4,12,17-trimethyl-7-oxo-8,11,13,20-tetraoxaheptacyclo[10.7.1.114,17.01,10.05,10.09,15.014,19]henicosan-18-yl]acetate 163188028 Click to see CC(C)C(=C1C2C(C(C(C34C25C(C6(C(C7(CC6(C3(C7CC(=O)OC)COC(=O)C)OC(O4)(O5)C)C)OC(=O)C)O)OC1=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C(C8=COC=C8)OC(=O)C)O 888.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Corchoionol C 137705650 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(C)O)O)(C)C 224.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
Vomifoliol, (+)- 5280462 Click to see 224.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Loliolide 100332 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives
Quindolinone 129686415 Click to see 232.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Indoloquinolines
11-Methoxyquindoline 10538510 Click to see COC1=C2C(=NC3=CC=CC=C31)C4=CC=CC=C4N2 248.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
Cryptolepine 82143 Click to see 232.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495245
Cryptolepinone 178034 Click to see 248.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid 445858 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
Sinapinic acid 637775 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.20396/CONEX.V7I3.8637771
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Evofolin B 5317306 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CO)C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O 318.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976704

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